DHA Senior School Geo Class PC Week 2 13 April to 17 April ... · 4/17/2020 · Geo Class PC Week 2 13 April to 17 April 2020 Topic: Settlements ... Squatter settlements grew up

DHAES Subject Geo Class PC

DHA Senior School

Geo Class PC

Week 2

13 April to 17 April 2020

Topic: Settlements https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisalabad_District https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zu3aG1D8Ijc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J15mOrcLKHk

Content

More about Settlement

The Growth of Cities in Pakistan

We learned in Book 1 which are Pakistan's largest cities. The Fig.1.1 shows them again and also

their populations in 1951.

The Table shows that all the cities have grown since 1951, but at different rates. As a result of

this some cities have changed places in their order of importance. Which two cities have gone up

in importance since 1951? Which two cities have gone down in importance? Five of the cities

haven't changed places. Which are they? What did we learn in Book 1 that explains why there is

no figure for Islamabad in 1951?

Cities grow in one or more of 3 main ways. They grow

a) In area - e.g. when new houses are built,

b) In size of population - e.g. when immigrants arrive from other parts of the country.

c) In importance - e.g. when new port facilities are built or a new industry is established.

In the following studies of the growth of 6 cities in Pakistan, look for (i) (a), (b) and (c).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisalabad_District

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zu3aG1D8Ijc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J15mOrcLKHk


(ii) The reasons for (a), (b) and (c).

The Growth of Karachi

a) Growth in area

The map F.g.1.2 shows the approximate boundary in 1960. The city was now bigger than at the

time of partition

After Partition about 600,000 Muslims had migrated from India by 1951.

Squatter settlements grew up on any open spaces in the city center which

these people could find. The authorities did not discourage this at the time

because they couldn't offer any alternative accommodation.

In the 1960s, the Korangi Township. Mown on the map Fig.1.2, was built on the south side of

the city out, as it accommodated only

150,000 people, it did not solve the problem of homelessness.

In the early 1960s, many people from the rural areas of Pakistan also started to migrate to

Karachi. This caused the slum and squatting problems to increase, especially near the railway

stations where the rural people settled in any open spaces.

In the 1960s the city authorities bulldozed many of the illegal squatter settlements and forced

people to move to theoutskirts of the city. Many people settled near the Sindh Industrial Trading

Estate and some were able to find jobs there. Slum and squatter settlements continued to grow

some of which were high-income residential areas. Usually, they were formed by construction

workers who were working in the high-income residential areas. A tea-stall and an eating-place

would open for those workers and that led to more people settling there.

Since 1997 the area of Karachi has continued to grow by spreading onto the land around the city.

This land was used for grazing and other agricultural purposes by people living in over 1200

goths. This land was rented from the government. Many of these farmers lost their livelihoods

and had to move away when the government sold the land to developers.


b) Growth in the size of the population

The migration of Muslims from India and also rural-urban migration within Pakistan caused

much of the growth after Partition, but natural increase was also a cause. The population

increases naturally when the number of deaths in a year is lower than the number of births.

c) Growth in importance

After Partition Karachi was the capital city of Pakistan, but even when Islamabad became the

capital, the importance of Karachi continued to grow. Its position makes it the main 'gateway' of

Pakistan, joining the inside of the country to the outside world.

Karachi has

95% of Pakistan's foreign trade

30% of Pakistan's industrial production

90% of the head offices of banks and other companies

40% of employment in large-scale industries.

The Growth of Gujranwala

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town was named after Chaudhry Gujar who owned the well that supplied the region.

Gujranwala 30 years ago has been described as "a small sleepy town, pleasant to live in with just

a few shops, some horse-drawn carriages and a handful of cars, beautiful old houses, graceful

trees and open spaces."


Today it is a large, noisy city. There are car horns, the rattle of auto-rickshaws, raised voices of

the roadside vendors and the chattering of the crowds of shoppers looking at the second-hand

clothing stalls. Diesel fumes and clouds of dust from unpaved roads pollute the air.

At the time of Partition, many Muslims with a metal-working tradition migrated from India and

settled in towns in the Punjab such as Sialkot, Lahore and Gujranwala. Then in the 1960s

mechanization of agriculture meant that some workers lost their jobs on farms. They found work

in Gujranwala in its traditional industries producing agricultural tools and implements. The rapid

growth of small-scale industry encouraged those who owned land on the edge of the town to sell

it to those who wanted to establish their own workshops. Private sector housing was also built

there. In this way the town expanded outwards.

A development plan in 1971 led to the building of a by-pass, and of one Road Bridge over the

main railway line. An updated plan in 1986 was not implemented and the city has continued to

grow in a haphazard, unplanned way.

The railway line divides the city into two and the lack of more road bridges over it causes traffic

congestion in the city center. In addition, the main roads all lead into the city center where there

is a dense network of minor roads. Housing has grown mainly along the 'other' roads shown on

the map and the absence of any land-use policy has led to industries being scattered throughout

the city. Some are located in narrow, residential roads causing noise and air pollution and further

traffic congestion. There is also a lack of open spaces for the population.

Over 500 tons of domestic waste are collected by hand every day and put in open ponds and

dumps both inside and outside the city. Sewers and drains are often clogged with garbage that is

not collected. The results of all this are water and air pollution and health hazards.


All these problems, together with inadequate water supplies and sewerage systems, have led to a

lower standard of living today than 30 years ago. It has been said that this is due to a lack of

planning rather than to a lack of funds.

The growth of Gilgit

Gilgitis the administrative center for the Gilgit Agency. It is also a bridging-point, and a trading

center. In addition to servingthe people in the valleys around Gilgit. It has also had links with

China for over 2000 years. It became an important trading center along the Old Silk Road as a

meeting-place for tradesmen from Central Asia to the north and the plains to the south. The town

now lies a short distance west of the Karakoram Highway.

The opening of this Highway at the end of the 1970s has led to a big increase in the amount of

goods and the number of people passing through Gilgit. Nowadays some of these people are

tourists.

We learned in Book 1 about one of the commercial zones in Lahore. But all towns and cities in

Pakistan have more than one commercial zone. Many of these zones are made up of more than

one bazaar. These bazaars grow as the town grows. The first bazaars grew up at the end of the

19th century.


The growth of Faisalabad

(Based on a report for the International Institute for Environment and Development by Salim

Alimuddin. Ant Hasan and AsiyaSadiq, architects and planners.)

The beginnings

In the 19th century the flood plain of the River Chenab, where Faisalabad is now situated, was

used as pasturelands. Then in 1902 the British built the Lower Chenab Canal which made

irrigation possible and the cultivation of grain and cotton began.

Faisalabad was established as a mandai, or market town to serve as a center for the collection and

storage of these crops before they were sent by rail to Karachi for export

The town was laid out in a square shape with roads radiating put from a Clock Tower in the

Cent"? Around the town the agricultural and was divided into mocks of 25 acres Villages were

built in some of these areas for people who came from further east in the Punjab

The increase of population in Faisalabad

MN in under 100 years a town of 10 000 people grew into a city of almost 2 million. So at the

end of the 20th century Faisalabad's population was 200 times bigger than at the beginning of the

century.

In 1951 Faisalabad was the 6th largest city in Pakistan but by 1998 it had grown to become the

3rd largest city.

What factors encouraged the increase in Faisalabad's population?

There were several factors which, in turn and as time went by, encouraged and continued to

encourage, the increase in population These factors can be listed under the five headings

agriculture, industry, exports, social development and politics.

How did Faisalabad grow?


Faisalabad grew without any planning and, as a result, there have been problems and the quality

of life of some of the citizens has suffered. Some attempts were made after 1968 to prepare a

Master Plan but by 2001 still little progress had been made

The plans were for improvements to four aspects of life in the city which created problems for

the citizens. The problems have been:

a) Roads and transport - poor roads, pavements and rainwater drainage and encroachments on the

roads.

b) Social problems - traffic congestion, pollution, poor conditions in markets, industries, bus

terminals and katchiabadis,

c) A lack of facilities e g sports complexes, a civic center, a radio and TV center,

d) water and sanitation - these have been some of the most important problems because of a lack

of a sewage treatment plant which has meant that raw sewage has run into irrigation Channels

and the river.

How does a KachiAbadi develop?

We learned in book 1 about life in a katchi aback, but how do these settlement, develop? How do

migrants from villages settle when they arrive in a city? What are their problem?

Migrants' first homes are often tents after which they may build houses of mud. When they can

afford it they build brick rooms with boundary walls of sun-dried bricks or earth. Later they may

build roofs of steel girders which are strong enough for tiles. Some of these better homes are

built by people whose relatives are working in the Middle East and who send remittances home.

Underground water in Faisalabad is usually brackish except near irrigation channels. So families

may install pumps near the channels and women and children carry the water back from the

pumps. Electricity connections are provided in some places by the city authorities but some


people make illegal connections. Unpaved open drains may carry waste water and sewage to

empty plots which have not been filled up with earth to the level of the road.

Let’s learn about four migrants, imran, Fayaz, Ali and Arshad, to see how they settled when they

arrived in Faisalabad and how their lives have been similar to, or different from, the description

above.

Imran lives in Kot Umar where there are 400 homes. When he arrived he bought a plot of land

and built a thatched hut. Four years later he built a room with brick walls and a wooden root.

There are open paved drains along his lane but they are silted up. The drains run into fields and

the farmers object to this. Drinking water is carried from 1/2 km away. There is no school or

clinic in Kot Umar and to reach the main road people have to walk on an unpaved road along the

bank of the canal.

Fayazlives in Nafees Town. He sold his farmland, his wife's jewellery and a buffalo to pay for

his small plot of land. He built one room and later added a shop and then a kitchen. The floor of

the shop is paved but the other floors are earth. All also lives in Nafees Town. He sold the

buffaloes he owned when in his village so that he could afford to build a room with a wooden

roof. After six months he built another room and four months later he added a drawing-room.

Ali also lives in Nafees Town. He sold the buffaloes he owned when in his village so that he

could afford to build a room with a wooden roof. After six months he built another room and

four months later he added a drawing-room.

Arshad lives in Tariqpura. He retired from the army and received payments with which he

bought a plot of land. In 1989 he built a room and a boundary wall. Seven years later he added

two more rooms. The roof is wooden beams and planks covered with earth. He gets rid of waste

water and sewage in a small channel. There is no electricity in Tariqpura but he has managed to

get his own connection. He paid rupees 4000 to WAPDA for it.

A bright future for Faisalabad?

In October 2003 the PindiBhattian - Faisalabad M3 motorway was completed. The map Fig.1.8

shows that the M3 joins the M2 which links Lahore to Islamabad.

Faisalabad is a major cotton-manufacturing center and also the biggest trade and commercial

center after Karachi andLahore. It will benefit from the improved, fast communications provided

by the M3. Some of the features in the key of the Map Fig.1.8 were built in order to allow the

traffic on the M3 to flow freely without any obstructions. The time taken to travel by road from

Faisalabad to Lahore has been reduced from 3% hours to 1% hours. This reduced travel time will

encourage business activities in Faisalabad, and they will also benefit from the new settlements

and industries which will develop along the M3

There are 2 important features which make travel along the M3 pleasant.

1) Fruit trees have been planted along the motorway so that travellers who wish to rest can

relax in the pollution-free atmosphere of gardens full of mango, palm and date trees.

2) The National Highway and Motorway Police patrol the M3 to ensure travellers' safety

and provide help when necessary.


The growth of Murree

Murree in the Time of British rule

In the 19th century most of the sub-continent was ruled by the British. Great Britain has a much

cooler climate than in most of the sub-continent and the British military and civilian officials and

their families wanted to escape from the summer heat in the Indus and Ganges Plains.

Temperature decreases as the altitude increases, so the British looked for places in the higher

land to the north where they could stay for the summer in cooler temperatures, i.e. where the

summer temperatures were about 80°F

The British bought land from the elders in 12 villages in the Murree area and in 1851 set up their

tents. In 1853 they built some barracks and in 1854 they built bungalows for British army

officers. This was the beginning of the development of Murree as a hill station.

After Independence

Murree was the only established hill station in the new Pakistan and it was now no longer a place

just for military and civil officials. Many Muslims arrived from other hill stations in Kashmir due

to riots there at the time of Partition. In addition, Islamabad was being built and became the

capital of Pakistan so some foreign embassies were located in Murree. Unfortunately riots in

Murree led to many of the best houses being burned down and it wasn't till 1960 that these burnt

out properties were sold and new bungalows built.

Unplanned Growth


Various plans for the development of Murree were made by different departments of the

Authorities but they were not drawn together into one overall Master Plan. As a result

development has taken place in an unplanned way which has caused serious social problems

such as traffic chaos and a lack of adequate garbage and sewage disposal.


The growth of Gwadar

Gwadar used to belong to Oman. In 1958 it became part of Pakistan and remained a small fishing

port until its development began at the end of the 20th century.

In the 1990s the Chinese government promised financial and technical assistance to develop

Gwadar as Pakistan's 3rd deep sea port. The factors which influenced this decision, were that a

port in that location

a) Could act as a port for western China via the Karakoram Highway,

b) Could act as a port for the new, land-locked Central Asian States.

c) Could encourage the economic development of Baluchistan.

d) Would lie on the important sea-route through the Straits of Hormuz.


This cooperation between Pakistan and China is just one of their joint ventures. Another one

was the construction of the Chasma nuclear power plant.

China's total border is over 22 000 km long but its border with Pakistan is only 523 km long.


Tertiary activities such as tourism and other services contribute 32% to China’s wealth.

China


Agriculture - 50% of China's labor force works in agriculture and provides 14% of China's

wealth.

Chief crops - rice, wheat, potatoes, tea - grown mainly in the east where the land is lower,

the rivers have deposited fertile alluvium and there is more rain than in the west.

Industry - 22% of China's labor force works in industry and industries provide over 50% of

China's wealth.

Chief industries - iron and steel, machinery, textiles, cement, fertilizer -produced in the

large cities in the east.


Problems associated with the growth of cities

The task of a city authority is to provide a framework why makes it possible for the

population to live and work in satisfactory conditions. A framework which makes this

possible is one in which there is adequate and efficient provision of e.g.

Water, electricity and gas supplies

Drainage and sewerage systems

Garbage collection and disposal

Strategies to prevent air pollution

A road network

A public transport system

Parks and open spaces for recreation.

Large numbers of people arriving in a city in a short time result in the city authority being unable

to provide adequate facilities. If there is also a lack of satisfactory planning then the problems

become even worse.

We learned about the problems of air pollution and of supplying drinking water. One of the

problems in Gujranwala is that of garbage disposal. The disposal of human, domestic and

industrial waste is one of the major problems in Pakistan cities.

Waste disposal

The problem of waste disposal has arisen because the arrangements for disposal have not kept

pace with the rate of growth of the cities. The lack of proper waste disposal is a cause of much

illness especially among children. A paediatrician working at a government hospital in Karachi

has reported that, after malnutrition, infectious diseases, caused by unsanitary conditions and

contaminated water, are the main problems he has to deal with in his young patients. This report,

in the Dawn newspaper in November 1999, illustrates the importance of the community, also,

playing its part in keeping the environment dean.


This report in November 1999 emphasized the need for proper planning for the disposal of

garbage.

The report highlights poor administration as a cause of the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board

(KWSB) being unable to cope with the increased population. In addition, corruption by officials,

who keep for themselves some of the money allocated for the provision of services in the

growing cities, is also a cause of inadequate and ineffective services.

The problems of the lack of satisfactory planning

A large city should be managed efficiently and this requires the best uses being made of different

areas. This can only be achieved by good planning and by people keeping to the planning rules.

There are two factors which lead to the lack of satisfactory planning in Karachi:

1) There are groups of developers, politicians and officials who ignore planning rules,

2) The fact that the Karachi Development Authority (KDA) controls only about 30% of the

land of Karachi.

A report by the Urban Resource Centre in Karachi states "Land is an important issue in Karachi.

There is a constant struggle to acquire and develop land through both legal and illegal means."

The authors of the report, ArifHesa, Akbar Zaidi and Muhammad Younus, go on to say that

powerful groups of developers, politicians and officials manage to acquire vacant land, ignore

planning rules and build houses and commercial property on natural drainage channels and land

reserved for parks, playgrounds, educational institutions, medical and transport facilities. The

lack of all these amenities affects the lives of the citizens.

This means that the KDA has to consult some or all of the other bodies when they wish to carry

out developments e upgrade the sewerage system or build a new road. All these consultations

take time, and permission for the development may not always be granted.


In addition, there are reports that many of these different bodies keep most of the taxes they

collect in their own areas. The areas with richer inhabitants e.g. the DHA and some parts of the

cantonments collect more taxes and spend them in their own areas. It has been reported that there

is little or no flow of wealth from those richer areas to the poorer areas of the city.

The cantonments in Karachi control about 5% of the area of Karachi. There are cantonments in

many other cities in Pakistan, e.g. Quetta and India, also in some cities in Bangladesh and Sri

Lanka, but not in cities in many other countries.

Solutions to the Problems

Solutions to the problems in the cities may be

a) Self-help solutions such as the Orangi Pilot Project

b) A City Master Plan

a) The Orangi Pilot Project (OPP)

The map shows the Orangi Township in Karachi. This katchiabadi, one of over 400 now in

Karachi, was started in the 1960s. Now about 1 million people live there made up of Mohajirs,

Biharis, Pathans, Punjabis, Balochis and Sindhis. All these people have moved to Karachi from

other areas so they are described as immigrants. More immigrants are still coming from villages

in all four provinces of Pakistan.

By 1980 there were serious problems in Orangi. Houses had cracked walls and their foundations

were weakened by the waste water which waterlogged the ground. However, one of the worst

problems was the absence of sanitation. Bucket latrines and soak-pits were used for the disposal

of human excreta and open sewers for the disposal of waste water. Children playing in the filthy

lanes were the main victims of typhoid, malaria, diarrhoea and scabies caused by these

conditions. Mosquitoes and flies, which bred on the garbage dumps, also spread germs. The

result was that large portions of the family incomes were spent on medicines.

The second reason for so much ill-health was the ignorance of most of the women about modern

hygiene, the causes of disease and its prevention.

The OPP was started in the 1980s by Dr Akhtar Hameed Khan. For several years he was a

visiting professor at the Michigan State University in USA, but devoted most of his life to trying

to improve the conditions of the poor and downtrodden.

The OPP staff worked with the Orangi residents to research their problems, identify solutions

and provide advice appropriate to low-income communities. The four main problems were:

Sanitation,

Health,

Education,

Employment.

Cantonments

Cantonment- from the French word cantonmeaning district or corner

Before Partition – what were cantonments?

An area of a city which has one main activity or purpose, e.g. industrial or residential, is called

an urban zone. A cantonment is a special type of urban zone. Whenever the British occupied new

territory in the sub-continent in the 18th and 19th centuries, they built a garrison town usually


next to an existing old city. Its purpose was to act as a base for part of the British army so that

the army could keep control of the local area.

This army base had stores and workshops for the military equipment and barracks to house the

soldiers. Bungalows with gardens were usually built for the officers, some of whose wives and

families also lived there. A cantonment also provided everything needed by the military, e.g. a

church, club, cemetery and shops, and life was generally comfortable for them. Local people

worked in the cantonment, e.g. as servants and in shops, but they returned at night to their homes

in villages and in the old city.

In the 18th and 19th centuries cantonments were usually temporary military quarters, but by the

20th century they had become permanent garrisons. Their permanence was confirmed by

military reforms of Lord Kitchener in 1903 and the Cantonment Act 1924.

The design of the bungalow was based on the styles of the Bengal house in a compound and on a

British house style. It was long and low and the area of the land in the compound around the

bungalow was a symbol of status in the army. A junior officer had a ratio of 1:1 of garden and

bungalow. A senior officer had a ratio of 15:1 of garden and bungalow.

Abbottabadwas named after Major James Abbott who founded the settlement and its cantonment

in 1853. It was the headquarters of part of the Northern Army Corps. It remains very British and

its bungalows, church, club and cemetery are still there.

The Peshawar cantonment began in 1849 after the arrival of the British army commanded by

Walter Gilbert.

The cities grew around the cantonments so they were then inside the cities.

After partition – What happened to the cantonments?

After Partition, when the British had returned to the UK, the reason for the existence of

cantonments no longer existed. However, the new Pakistani army took over the ownership of the

land and control of the cantonments from the British and they continue to be administered by

their Cantonment Boards. Cantonments now are usually made up of shops, offices and houses

including houses for army officers, the land in some cantonments, e.g. the Karachi cantonments,

is valuable. The city has grown outwards so the old cantonment is near the city center.

Dawn October 2003

A report stated that new cantonments for the military were being planned in Baluchistan in Sui

and Gwadar.

In San Fransisco (USA) the Navy closed its base in 1994 and its land, which had been part of the

city, has now been transferred to the city authorities in order to allow them to plan its future

development.

Settlements in Pakistan with Cantonments


The staff found that the residents were good at saving and investing and had skills in

management. With the technical guidance provided by OPP, the following were constructed in

13 years by the residents and the building contractors they employed:

underground sewers in 5236 lanes,

81,378 flush latrines,

100,000 houses,

647 private health clinics,

509 private primary and secondary schools,

38 maternity homes.

In that time over 80% of the Township had built its own sanitation system. Due to this, and the

introduction of a health program, there was a dramatic fall in the deaths of infants in their first

year of life. The rate fell from 130 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 1984, to 37 per 1000 in

1991. This rate is called the Infant Mortality Rate. In Pakistan as a whole this rate was still 91

infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2003. The rate was 66 in Bangladesh, 32 in Iran and 25 in

Saudi Arabia. Singapore's Infant Mortality Rate of 2.5 in 2003 was one of the lowest in the

world.

In addition to the improvements in sanitation, health and education, 11,000 family enterprises

were established to provide employment. Homes were modified to make workshops and women

were encouraged to become active contributors to the family income. During the 1980s a large

number of government officials visited the OPP as part of their training. The success of the OPP,

which Dr Khan and the Orangi residents achieved without any assistance from government

agencies, has led to the OPP being copied by others such as the Sindhi KatchiAbadi Authority

and the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation. The World Bank's projects in Sukkur and Hyderabad

are also imitating it.

b)The Karachi Master Plan 2020

Plans for Karachi were prepared in 1952, 1974 and 2000 but none was carried out successfully.

A new Master Plan is due to be carried out by 2020. To assist with this, the Federal government,

the government of Sindh and the city authorities of Karachi were still working in 2007 to create

this Plan.


The City Nazim said that studies had been carried out in all sectors, including housing, water and

sewerage, power, gas, industries, education, health and transport, and that 12 committees were

writing their reports.

In addition, the City Nazim and senior officials of the government of Sindh had visited Shanghai

to learn about China's experiences of developing that city.

The aim of the 2020 Plan for Karachi has been described as 'to transform Karachi into a world

class city, making it an attractive economic center as well as providing a decent living for

Karachiites.'

What are the world’s largest cities?

Most researchers on sizes of populations in cities and in countries depend on statistics published

regularly by the United Nations (UN). In many cases these statistics have to be based on sample

surveys and estimates, so we must not regard them as being totally accurate.

In 1900, 9 of the 10 largest cities in the world were in Europe and USA. Many of the cities have

the serious environmental problems such as water and air pollution. For example, 220 million

people in cities round the world lack clean drinking world. Yet, in theory, it should be possible to

provide the facilities, to people clustered together in cities, using fewer materials and less energy

than if providing facilities to a widely scattered problem.


Confirmation of learning:It will be done through quiz / MCQs about SettlementsGrowth of

cities

1) After Partition about _____ Muslims had migrated from India by 1951

a)400,000 b)500,000 c) 600,000 d)700,000

2) Karachi has ___ of Pakistan's industrial production

a) 20% b) 30% c)40% d)50%

3) Over ____ tons of domestic waste are collected by hand every day in Gujranwala

a) 400 b) 500 c) 600 d) 700

4) Gilgithad links with ____ for over 2000 years

a) Iran b) Afghanistan c) China d) America

5) At the end of the 20th century Faisalabad's population was ___ times bigger than at the

beginning of the century.

a) 100 b) 200 c) 300 d) 400

6) Temperature decreases as the altitude

a) Decreases b) Increases c) Remains unaffected d) Both

7) Some barracks were built in Murree in?

a) 1853 b) 1855 c) 1953 d) 1955

8) In 1951 Faisalabad was the ____ largest city in Pakistan

a) 4th b) 5th c) 6th d) 7th

9) The only established hill station in the new Pakistan was?

a) Naran b) Kaghan c) Murree d) Gilgit

10) China’s border with Pakistan is only ___ km long

a) 523 b) 253 c) 352 d) 522

Short Questions

Solutions to the Problems

Question 1:

Give four main problems in Orangi Pilot Project (OPP).


Answer:

The four main problems were:

Sanitation,

Health,

Education,

Employment.

Question 2:

After partition what happened to the cantonments?

Answer:

After Partition, when the British had returned to the UK, the reason for the existence of

cantonments no longer existed. However, the new Pakistani army took over the ownership of the

land and control of the cantonments from the British and they continue to be administered by

their Cantonment Boards. Cantonments now are usually made up of shops, offices and houses

including houses for army officers, the land in some cantonments, e.g. the Karachi cantonments,

is valuable. The city has grown outwards so the old cantonment is near the city center.

Question 3:

What is the aim of the Karachi Master Plan 2020?

Answer:

The aim of the 2020 Plan for Karachi has been described as 'to transform Karachi into a world

class city, making it an attractive economic center as well as providing a decent living for

Karachiites.'

Question 4:

When the Peshawar cantonment began?

Answer:

The Peshawar cantonment began in 1849 after the arrival of the British army commanded by

Walter Gilbert.

Question 5:

What do you know about Cantonment?

Answer:

A cantonment is a special type of urban zone. Whenever the British occupied new territory in the

sub-continent in the 18th and 19th centuries, they built a garrison town usually next to an

existing old city. Its purpose was to act as a base for part of the British army so that the army

could keep control of the local area.


DHA Senior School Geo Class PC Week 2 13 April to 17 April ... · 4/17/2020 · Geo Class PC Week 2 13 April to 17 April 2020 Topic: Settlements ... Squatter settlements grew up

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