D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY- 2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005 1 The paper was inspired by last: Sheldon L. GlashowSheldon L. Glashow and Andy.

D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005

1

The paper was inspired by lastThe paper was inspired by last::SheldonSheldon L.L. GlashowGlashow and Andy Cohen and Andy Cohen

A Sinister Extension of the A Sinister Extension of the Standard Model to Standard Model to

SU(3)XSU(2)XSU(2)XU(1)SU(3)XSU(2)XSU(2)XU(1) in in

hep-ph/0504287hep-ph/0504287

4th Leptons and Quarks4th Leptons and Quarksin a Sinister Universein a Sinister Universe

ororTeraLeptons TeraLeptons Shadows over Shadows over

Sinister Sinister UniverseUniverse

by D.Fargion and M.Khlopovby D.Fargion and M.Khlopov

in hep-ph/0507087in hep-ph/0507087

2D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005

Sinister model solving Sea Sinister model solving Sea saw and Dark Matter saw and Dark Matter

ProblemsProblems


Abstract Abstract The role of Sinister Heavy Fermions in recent The role of Sinister Heavy Fermions in recent

Glashow's SU(3)*SU(2)*SU(2)'*U(1) model is to offer Glashow's SU(3)*SU(2)*SU(2)'*U(1) model is to offer in a unique frame relic Helium-like products (an in a unique frame relic Helium-like products (an ingenious candidate to the dark matter puzzle), a ingenious candidate to the dark matter puzzle), a solution to the See-Saw mechanism for light neutrino solution to the See-Saw mechanism for light neutrino masses as well as to strong CP violation problem in masses as well as to strong CP violation problem in QCD. Their mass are million times larger than QCD. Their mass are million times larger than common onescommon ones

The Sinister model requires a three additional The Sinister model requires a three additional families of leptons and quarks, but only the lightest of families of leptons and quarks, but only the lightest of them Heavy U-quark and E-"electron" are stable.them Heavy U-quark and E-"electron" are stable.

U

E


Final neutral Helium-like UUUEE Final neutral Helium-like UUUEE state is an ideal evanescent dark-state is an ideal evanescent dark-

matter candidate.matter candidate.


Why Tera-helium is a good Why Tera-helium is a good Dark Matter gas?Dark Matter gas?

Teraparticles do not have normal W and Z Teraparticles do not have normal W and Z interactions and do not contribute into SM interactions and do not contribute into SM parameters, so they can not be excluded by parameters, so they can not be excluded by precision measurements of SM parametersprecision measurements of SM parameters

CP' symmetry of Glashow’s model helps to CP' symmetry of Glashow’s model helps to solve strong CP violation problem in QCD.solve strong CP violation problem in QCD.

Tera-neutrino is unstable, because it gives Tera-neutrino is unstable, because it gives Dirac see-saw mass to normal neutrino.Dirac see-saw mass to normal neutrino.

UUU as the new form of hadron - bound by UUU as the new form of hadron - bound by ChromoCoulomb forces. It's size is about ChromoCoulomb forces. It's size is about 1/alpha_QCD m_U about 10^-16 cm and it 1/alpha_QCD m_U about 10^-16 cm and it weakly interacts with hadrons.weakly interacts with hadrons.


However UUUEE it is reached by multi-body However UUUEE it is reached by multi-body interactions along a tail of more manifest interactions along a tail of more manifest

secondary frozen blocks in analogy to He,Li,D. secondary frozen blocks in analogy to He,Li,D. They should be now here polluting the matterThey should be now here polluting the matter..


Tera Leptons in Glashow’s Tera Leptons in Glashow’s Sinister UniverseSinister Universe

Moreover, in opposition to almost effective pair Tera-Quark U Moreover, in opposition to almost effective pair Tera-Quark U annihilations (like common proton-anti-proton), there is no such annihilations (like common proton-anti-proton), there is no such an early or late Tera-Lepton pairs suppressions, because:an early or late Tera-Lepton pairs suppressions, because:

a) electromagnetic interactions are "weaker" than nuclear ones a) electromagnetic interactions are "weaker" than nuclear ones because their coupling is smaller and mainly because the cross because their coupling is smaller and mainly because the cross sections is proportional to inverse square Tera-Lepton Mass sections is proportional to inverse square Tera-Lepton Mass

b) helium ion 4He++ is able b) helium ion 4He++ is able

to attract and capture,to attract and capture,

E-, fixing it into a hybridE-, fixing it into a hybrid

tera helium "ion" trap.tera helium "ion" trap.

This takes place during the firstThis takes place during the first

few minutes of the Universefew minutes of the Universe


Why Grave Shadows over Why Grave Shadows over thethe

Sinister universe?Sinister universe? The helium ion 4He++ capture of E- leads to a pile The helium ion 4He++ capture of E- leads to a pile

up of relic (4HeE)+ traces, a lethal compound for up of relic (4HeE)+ traces, a lethal compound for any Sinister Universe.any Sinister Universe.

This capture leaves no Tera-Lepton frozen in Ep This capture leaves no Tera-Lepton frozen in Ep relic (otherwise an ideal catalyzer to achieve relic (otherwise an ideal catalyzer to achieve effective late E+E- annihilations possibly saving the effective late E+E- annihilations possibly saving the model).model).

The (4HeE)+ Coulomb screening is also avoiding The (4HeE)+ Coulomb screening is also avoiding the synthesis of the desired UUUEE hidden dark the synthesis of the desired UUUEE hidden dark matter gas. The e(4HeE)+ behave chemically like matter gas. The e(4HeE)+ behave chemically like an anomalous hydrogen isotope.an anomalous hydrogen isotope.

Also tera-positronium (eE+) relics are over-Also tera-positronium (eE+) relics are over-abundant and they behave like an anomalous abundant and they behave like an anomalous hydrogen atom:hydrogen atom:


Consequences and Consequences and ShadowsShadows

these hydrogen-like gases do not fit these hydrogen-like gases do not fit by many orders of magnitude known by many orders of magnitude known severe bounds on hydrogen severe bounds on hydrogen anomalous isotope, making grave anomalous isotope, making grave shadows over a Sinister Universe.shadows over a Sinister Universe.

However a surprising and resolver However a surprising and resolver role for Tera-Pions in UHECR role for Tera-Pions in UHECR astrophysics has been revealed.astrophysics has been revealed.


Masses of Tera Quark-Masses of Tera Quark-LeptonsLeptons


Brief History of Sinister Brief History of Sinister UniverseUniverse


Later Tera-Particle Later Tera-Particle evolutionevolution


Why U- Anti U AnnihilateWhy U- Anti U Annihilate


Why Tera Lepton do not Why Tera Lepton do not annihilateannihilate


First Second RelicsFirst Second Relics


Real TrapReal Trap


The anomalous hydrogen The anomalous hydrogen relicrelic


A surprising Role of Tera A surprising Role of Tera Pions in UHECRPions in UHECR


Novel Candidate To Novel Candidate To UHECRUHECR

A different and more exciting role may come A different and more exciting role may come from the Tera-Hadron UHE secondary of the from the Tera-Hadron UHE secondary of the top-down UHECR source: the birth of neutral top-down UHECR source: the birth of neutral Tera-Mesons U-anti-u and u-anti-U.Tera-Mesons U-anti-u and u-anti-U.

Contrary to early Universe, where there is Contrary to early Universe, where there is enough time and hard dense matter to enough time and hard dense matter to proceed in the very complex cooking of Tera-proceed in the very complex cooking of Tera-Hadrons relics summarized in present article, Hadrons relics summarized in present article, tera quarks born by UHECR source escape tera quarks born by UHECR source escape mostly as neutral U-Anti-u and u-Anti-U. mostly as neutral U-Anti-u and u-Anti-U.


The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off

Ultra High Energy Nucleons may produce pions on the 2.75 K BBR

nucleon

-resonance

multi-pion production

pair production energy loss

pion production energy loss

pion production rate

sources must be nearby (Local SuperCluster)Or Neutrino Mediated (Z- Shower Model)Or Lorentz symmetry breaking.

eV1044

2 192

th

mmm

E N


THE UHECR puzzle: THE UHECR puzzle: Isotropy –Homogeneity- BL Isotropy –Homogeneity- BL

Lac correlationLac correlation


Motivated by possible correlations of UHECR with high redshift objects: Gorbunov et al 2002 HIRES 2005

If this is confirmed, one can only think of 3 possibilities:

1.) Neutrino primaries but Standard Model interaction probability in atmosphere is ~10-5.

resonant (Z0) secondary production on massive relic neutrinos: needs extreme parameters and huge neutrino fluxes.

2.) New heavy neural (SUSY) hadron X0: m(X0) > mN increases GZK cut-off threshold. but basically ruled out by constraints from accelerator experiments.

3.) New weakly interacting light (keV-MeV) neutral particle electromagnetic coupling small enough to avoid GZK effect; hadronic coupling large enough to allow normal air showers: very tough to do.

BUT now Neutral Tera Pion maybe the source

strong interactions above ~1TeV: only moderate neutrino fluxes required.

Neutrino-nucleon cross section within the Standard Model

The Z-burst (and novel Sneutrino-Burst) Model made by Neutrino relic-UHE neutrino Fargon, Salis,Mele ApJ 1999; Weiler and ;Yoshida-Sigl A Z-boson is produced at the

neutrino resonance energy

mE

eVeV 104 21res

“Visible” decay products haveenergies 10-40 times smaller.Main problems of this scenario:

* sources have to accelerate upto ~1023eV.

* -rays emitted from the sourcesand produced by neutrinosduring propagation tend to over-produce diffuse background inGeV regime.

New Particles and New Interactions


Tera Pions escaping GZK:Tera Pions escaping GZK:

These hybrid pions are very exceptional candidates These hybrid pions are very exceptional candidates to UHECR because two surprising abilities.to UHECR because two surprising abilities.

The first is that they interact hadronically with The first is that they interact hadronically with matter. This may imply a high altitude atmosphere matter. This may imply a high altitude atmosphere interaction on Earth in agreement with the interaction on Earth in agreement with the observed UHECR fluorescence light curve.observed UHECR fluorescence light curve.

The second ability is a very smart interaction The second ability is a very smart interaction with radiation: indeed while the photo-pion with radiation: indeed while the photo-pion production with matter takes place as for all the production with matter takes place as for all the common nucleons (either proton or neutrons),common nucleons (either proton or neutrons),

the threshold in the "center of mass frame" for the threshold in the "center of mass frame" for tera-pions is much higher.tera-pions is much higher.


Are UHECR meta-stable Are UHECR meta-stable Tera Neutral Pions?Tera Neutral Pions?

The photo-pion production for neutrons onto The photo-pion production for neutrons onto the 2.75 K^o BBR begins at Lorentz factor the 2.75 K^o BBR begins at Lorentz factor 4 10^{10} and energy E = 4 10^{19} eV 4 10^{10} and energy E = 4 10^{19} eV while for a corresponding Lorentz factor the while for a corresponding Lorentz factor the Hybrid Tera-Pion threshold energy Hybrid Tera-Pion threshold energy

E is 1.4 10^{23} eV, is above three E is 1.4 10^{23} eV, is above three order of magnitude higher simply because of order of magnitude higher simply because of the huge Tera-pion mass respect nucleon one.the huge Tera-pion mass respect nucleon one.

This imply that for Tera-Pion there is a GZK cut off This imply that for Tera-Pion there is a GZK cut off

much above common {Greisen}{Zatsepin, Kuzmin} energies much above common {Greisen}{Zatsepin, Kuzmin} energies E= 4 10^{19} eV making this rare UHE tera-pion an ideal E= 4 10^{19} eV making this rare UHE tera-pion an ideal candidate able to travel along the whole Universe without candidate able to travel along the whole Universe without deflection of Galactic or Extra-galactic magnetic fields or much deflection of Galactic or Extra-galactic magnetic fields or much energy losses, overcoming the otherwise controversial energy losses, overcoming the otherwise controversial absence of a GZK cut-off. These Tera-pions are among the best absence of a GZK cut-off. These Tera-pions are among the best candidate to solve recent UHECR correlated events with candidate to solve recent UHECR correlated events with far BL-Lac sources {Gorbunov et al 2005}{HiRes,ICRC 2005}.far BL-Lac sources {Gorbunov et al 2005}{HiRes,ICRC 2005}.


Conclusions:Conclusions:

No Sinister Dark Matter CosmologyNo Sinister Dark Matter Cosmology because the Tera-Lepton Shadows because the Tera-Lepton Shadows

hanging over the model.hanging over the model. But possible role for meta-stable Tera-But possible role for meta-stable Tera-

pions Uu and uU originated in Jets by BL pions Uu and uU originated in Jets by BL Lac or in TD evaporation, able to travel Lac or in TD evaporation, able to travel undeflected and with no energy loss undeflected and with no energy loss behaving as nuclear matter. behaving as nuclear matter.

Explaning Hires data with no Z-Burst Explaning Hires data with no Z-Burst need.need.

Thank You for your attention.Thank You for your attention.

D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY- 2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005 1 The paper was inspired by last: Sheldon L. GlashowSheldon L. Glashow and Andy.

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