Device Networking: Introduction, Overwiev, Realization and ...

Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2006.

WFCS 2006 – Torino Device Networking Slide 1

Harald Kreidl – Senior Staff Engineer

Device Networking: Introduction, Overwiev, Realization and OutlookWFCS 2006 - TorinoFreescale Seminconductor



Agenda

Added Value of Connectivity

Added Value of ConnectivityEthernet & Real-Time EthernetZigbeeUWBWeb Services



Trends in Real-Time Applications with ConnectivityV

alue

Offe

red

Extent of Network

Isolation

Awareness

Knowledge

Understanding

Intuition“We are now feeling the first tremors of themost profound technological disruption in

the history of humanity:

networked, embedded intelligence in the most ordinary objectsof the manufactured world”

*Source: http://harborresearch.com



The Growing World of Networked Devices



Intelligent Devices with ConnectivitySmart devices* are any manufactured object with computational power and the ability to be networkedPDA’s, Phones, PCs, E/M equipment, Info Peripherals, Controllers, Sensors


Connectivity is required for:Self-controllingSelf-optimizingSelf-configuration

Self-aware!Self = automatically,

without human intervention

Added-value features:Remote controlControl of devices in the field via the Internet or in a LAN (Web Server, Email Client, etc.)Remote maintainancesoftware update,device configurationRemote monitoringdata collection, diagnosticsCommunication securityManagement securityWeb service integration

Internet Enabled Devices!



Agenda

Ethernet




Technologies for Networks: Ethernet


Ethernet:IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CDInternet protocols TCP/IP on top of EthernetReal-Time Ethernet for Automation systems

Pervasive Technology

Ethernet Value PropositionsPerformance

10BaseT, 100BaseTX, Gigabit Ethernet, …

ImplementationMAC implemented on processors/controllersPHY at reasonable cost or implemented on-chip

Feature SetTwisted pair cablingEstablished infrastructureEthernet networks are everywhereInter-operabilityEase of useWidely availableScalableMore secure than wirelessOriginal picture drawn by Bob Metcalfe, inventor of Ethernet (1972 – Xerox PARC)



Ethernet: Single Chip Implementation

Microcontroller Implementations:Single-chip Ethernet 9S12NE64 (16-bit MCU) and ColdFire (32-Bit)ColdFire up to Fast Etherneton 32-bit MCUMultiple CommunicationPowerPC up to Gigabit Ethernet on high-performance 32-bit processor

Ethernet products in all performance and cost ranges

Memory Options

128KBytesFlash

256KBytesFlash

OptionalAdditional Modules

CAN

Crypto

GPI/O JTAGPLLBDM

SystemIntegration

4ch 32-bitTimer

4ch 16-bitTimer UART

2ch PIT QSPI

I2C

4ch DMA

2x4ch 12-bitADC

10/100FEC D

MA

Phy

8/4chPWM

UART

UART

eMA

C V2ColdColdFireFire®®

Core

RTC 32KSRAM

MCF5223x



Ethernet: Entry Level Implementation



SystemBus

Controller

DDR/SDRSDRAM

Controller&

Chip Selects

EMA

C V2ColdColdFireFire®®

Core

GPI/O JTAGPLLBDM

8KI/D

Cache

16KSRAM

4ch 32-bitTimer UART

QSPI

I2C 16ch DMA

UARTUARTOptional

Additional Modules

10/100FEC D

MA

Low Power Management

MCF5208






GPI/O JTAGPLLBDM

Syst

emB

usC

ontr

olle

r

EMA

C V4eColdColdFireFire®®

CoreMM

UFP

U

PCI

Con

trol

ler

DD

R/S

DR

SDR

AM

Con

trol

ler

32K

I-Cache

32K

D-Cache

I2C

16ch DMA

10/100FEC

DSPI

PSC(UxART etc.)

PSC(UxART etc.)

PSC(UxART etc.)

PSC(UxART etc.)

4ch 32-bitTimer

OptionalAdditional Modules

2nd 10/100FEC

Crypto

USBdevice

CAN

32K

SRAM

CAN

MCF548x






MPC8641D1MBL2

(ECC)

e600 core32KB

D-Cache32KB

I-Cache

MSSQ

ueue

64b DDR/ DDR2 600 MHzECC Controller

1MBL2

(ECC)

e600 core32KB

D-Cache32KB

I-Cache

MSS

GigabitEthernet

GigabitEthernet

16b FIFO

8b FIFO 8b FIFO

GigabitEthernet

GigabitEthernet

16b FIFO

8b FIFO 8b FIFO

MPICLocal Bus

Perf MonTrace Buffer

DUART2x I2CTimers

DMA

MPX Bus

MPX Coherency Module

Queue

64b DDR/ DDR2 600 MHzECC Controller

SRIO1x/4x

ORPCI Exp x1/2/4/8

PCI Exp x1/2/4/8

Peripheral Logic Bus



Application Example: Embedded Webserver

Added Value of the MCF5223x:• Multiple connections at the same time• Encryption, Authentication• Enhanced protocols (DHCP, SSL...)• Small form factor, low cost

Internet connectivity for industrial controllers, security systems, meters, vending machines, appliances, etc. can now be developed easily and inexpensively.



Agenda

Real-Time Ethernet




Why do we need a Real-Time network

Real-Time systems require real-time communications

Industrial automation systems often need deterministic communications!

Safety critical applications

Real-time network



What’s wrong with TCP/IP?Transfer of (huge) data volumesReliable delivery of data, eventually

TCP/IP is:

TCP/IP is not:Time specific behaviorguaranteed response timeDeterministic behavior

Transmit

Ready

Ready

Transmit

Transmit

Collision

wait

wait

Re-Transmit

Ready Transmit

Node 1

Node 2

Node 3

CSMA/CD:

wait

Networkbusy

wait

wait



Real-Time Ethernet

• Ethernet-based communication which provides real-time capabilities, i.e.• time bound• deterministic

• Examples of real-time Ethernet standards:• Profinet- under development• EtherNet/IP - under development• Ethernet Powerlink (EPL) – defined and in use• EtherCAT• RSVP [IPv4] – best for point to point• … and others



ETHERNET Powerlink – Protocol Stack

Ethernet Controller

Lower Layer Driver (LLD)

Powerlink Driver (PLD)

NMT

SDO

PDOError HandlingNVMSIS

Object Dictionary (OBD)

Application

UDP TCP

IP

EPL stack

GOE



ETHERNET Powerlink – Device Model

Object Dictionary

Application Process

Logical Addressing Scheme for Accessing Communication Parameters and Application Parameters, Data and Functions

Device Functionality

- Functions

- Data

- Parameters

I / O

Sig

nals

Proc

essEP

L N

etw

ork

Communication Interface

Start-of-Cycle,NMT, Asend,Emergency, TCP/IP, …

Tx PDOs

Rx PDOs

Client SDOs

Server SDOs



ETHERNET Powerlink – Protected Mode

t

Isochronous Slot Asnychronous Slot

Cycle i

Managing Node (MN)

Controlled Nodes (CN)

Cycle i+1

• Central bus arbitration through Managing Node (MN)

• Controlled Nodes (CN) must only send when they areallowed to

• Collision avoidance on the Ethernet

• Maximum utilization of the Ethernet network bandwidth

• Isochronous - Time-dependent, pronounced eye-sock-ra-nuss• refers to processes where data must be delivered within certain time constraints



ETHERNET Powerlink – System Structure Example

CC

I/O Drive

C

Drive

C

Drive

C

I/O

M

M

192.168.100.0EPL segment

PLCRouter / Bridge

Legacy Ethernet (e.g. Intranet)

PLC

C

anaging Node ontrolled Node

C

C U ontrolled Node

U



ETHERNET Powerlink – Fields of Application

• Powerlink is basically suitable for all applications which are using CANopen today but is adding hard real-time and high data band-width

• Example applications• Measurement and data acquisition• Drive Control• Machine control• Process Control• Conveyor Systems• Trains and Subways• Ship Automation• Medical Systems



Agenda

Zigbee




Wireless Networking Technologies

N/ALonMark

InteroperabiltyAssociation

Wi-Fi AllianceUWB Forum & WiMedia

AllianceBluetooth SIGZigBee AllianceIndustry

Orgs.

P2P, Star, MeshMedium-dependentStarStarStarMesh, Star, TreeTopology

100-1,00032,00032128865,000Nodes

Alkaline (Months-Years)N/ARechargeable

(Hours)Rechargeable(Hours-Days)

Rechargeable(Days-Weeks)

Alkaline(Months-Years)

Battery Operation(Life)

Very Low-LowWiredHighLowLowVery LowPower

10-70 mMedium Dependent10-100 m4-20 m10 m10-70 mRange

10-250 Kbps15 Kbps-10 Mbps11-105 Mbps110Mbps-

1.6Gbps723 Kbps250 KbpsData Rate

RFFrequency

Standard

868/915 MHz2.4 GHz

IEEE 802.15.4

ZigBee

433/868/900 MHz

2.4 GHz

N/A (wired technology)

2.4 GHz5.8 GHz

3.1-10.6 GHz (U.S.)2.4 GHz

ProprietaryEIA 709.1,2,3IEEE 802.11

a, b, g (n to be ratified)

IEEE 802.15.3a

(to be ratified)IEEE 802.15.1

ProprietaryLonWorksWi-FiUWBBluetooth

Key strengths Key weaknesses



Technologies for Networks: Zigbee


Zigbee:SMAC (Freescale proprietary solution)IEEE 802.15.4 (MAC)Zigbee Application Layer


Zigbee Value PropositionsAddresses the unique needs of most remote monitoring and control network applications

Infrequent, low rate dataEnables the broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low cost & low power solutions

Supports peer-to-peer, star and mesh networks

Supports applications with low-power requirements

Months to Years of Battery LifeFeature SetProvides a business environment that supports deployment of these applications

Profiles for InteroperabilityReduced Cost of Entry compared with other Wireless standards



Zigbee: SMAC Implementation

Simple Wireless

Connectivity

MCU RFIC

PHY Layer

S-MAC

Implementations:SMAC (Simple MAC)Requires 2.5K code, MCU with high-speed SPI, Point-to-point & star networksIEEE 802.15.4Standardized, Encryption, Mesh & clustertree networksZigbee compliant platformRouting, recovery, inter-operability, application profilesZigbee TransceiverMCU‘s reduced function device & full function device (router, coordinator



Zigbee: IEEE 802.15.4 Implementation

MCU RFIC

802.15.4 PHY

802.15.4 MAC

802.15.4 Solution

Implementations:SMAC (Simple MAC)Requires 2.5K code, MCU with high-speed SPI, Point-to-point & star networksIEEE 802.15.4Standardized, Encryption, Mesh & clustertree networksZigbee compliant platformRouting, recovery, inter-operability, application profilesZigbee TransceiverMCU‘s reduced function device & full function device (router, coordinator



Zigbee: Zigbee ImplementationImplementations:

SMAC (Simple MAC)Requires 2.5K code, MCU with high-speed SPI, Point-to-point & star networksIEEE 802.15.4Standardized, Encryption, Mesh & clustertree networksZigbee compliant platformRouting, recovery, inter-operability, application profilesZigbee TransceiverMCU‘s reduced function device & full function device (router, coordinator

APS

P31 … ZDOP1

ZigBee

MCU RFIC

802.15.4 PHY

802.15.4 MAC

ZigBee NWK



BUILDING AUTOMATION

Security, HVAC,AMR,

Lighting Control, Access Control

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Remote ControlToys

Set Top Boxes

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

Patient monitoringInstitutional Care

Fitness Equipment

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

Asset Mgt, Process Control,

Energy Mgt

RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT COMMERCIAL

CONTROL

Security, HVAC,Lighting Control,Access Control

PC & PERIPHERALS

Mouse, Keyboard,Joystick

ZigBee Markets and Applications



Home Automation• Applications are targeted toward convenience, energy management and

whole home connectivity.• Lighting

• On/off, dim (load control)• Home Control Lighting Profile approved as part of 1.0 specification

• Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC)• Thermostats, temperature sensors, etc.

• Security/Access Control• Door, window and motion sensors, entry monitoring, smoke detectors, etc.

• ZigBee provides for integration of multiple systems (lighting, HVAC and security) that are separate today.

• Home Automation Profile• Gateway for control while outside the home• 6% of homes have some type of HA system

• 20% of homes have a network• 20% of homes are interested in purchasing a HA system



Building Control and Automation

• Applications are targeted toward reducing Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) in areas such as energy cost.• Lighting

• On/off, occupancy detection• Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC)

• Thermostats, temperature sensors, etc.• Security/Access Control

• Door, window and motion sensors, entry monitoring, fire detectors, etc.• Automated Meter Reading (AMR)

• Strong interest within alliance on AMR.

• Gateways/Bridges provide integration of multiple systems



Industrial Control and Management

• Applications are targeted toward reducing cost in areas such as manufacturing• Process Control

• Monitoring of manufacturing flow and material handling• throughput, container volume and pressure, etc.• shock & vibe, bottlenecks, etc.

• Profile for Industrial Process Control is being actively worked within Alliance• Energy Management

• Lighting and HVAC control• Asset Management

• Monitoring/location of assets



Personal Monitoring

• Hospital - Long-Term/Non-Acute• Networked wireless devices to maximize patient monitoring by reducing nurse

to patient ratio • Wireless devices include EKG, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, capnometry,

infusion pumps and spirometry

• Patient Monitoring - Home Care• Telemetry for off-site diagnosis by collecting data of glucose levels, blood

pressure, heart rate, etc. while patients are recovering at home

• Fitness• Heart rate monitors for athletes



RD3152MMA7260Q: ZigBee Sensing Triple Axis Reference Design (ZSTAR)

Provides robust wireless communicationusing the powerful, easy-to-use 2.4GHzfrequency MC13191 transceiver.

System Features:Consumer and industrial wireless sensing applicationsDemo Modules for 6 sensing functions - Fall, Tilt, Motion, Positioning, Shock and Vibration -for multifunctional applications.

Hardware Features:Pin to pin compatible with MC13192 and MC13193 allowing implementation of ZigBee applications. MC68HC908JW32 (USB 2.0 Full Speed) and MC9S08QG8

RD3152MMA7260Q Features:



ZigBee to Ethernet bridge Applications

ZigBee/Ethernet bridgeZigBee Node

Industrial or Commercial Monitoring / Security Applications

Hub / Router



ZigBee to Ethernet bridge Applications

Router

Router

Router

Industrial or Commercial Monitoring / Security Applications



Agenda

UWB




What Is Ultra-Wideband (UWB)?

• Wireless, personal area network technology • High bandwidth, scaling to multi-Gbps data rates

PowerSpectralDensity

dBm/MHz900 MHzCordlessPhones

PCS

802.11aHyperLAN1/2

UWB

Frequency (GHz)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

−41 dBm/MHz



• Bluetooth™ has low power, low cost but doesn’t deliver high data rates• WiFi delivers range and moderate data rate, but not low power or high rates• UWB is uniquely able to meet the WPAN handheld/consumer wireless

connectivity requirements

WPAN

Lowest PowerLowest Cost

HigherPerformance

Mobile

Entertainment/PC

Uncompressed Video

Digital camera, camera phone

Digital video camcorder, media

player

Wireless HDMI, Wireless DVI

Surround sound, portable hard drive

UWB: Filling the Wireless Gap



WiMAX

DataRate

Distance

WPANUWB

WLANWiFi

WMAN

UMTS/HSDPA

DVB-H

ZigBee™

Where Does UWB Fit Among Other Technologies?



Technologies for Networks: UWB


UWB:Only solution that easily scales to multi-GbpsOnly production chipset available

110 Mbps & 500 Mbps today1+ Gbps 2006+

UWB modules available nowRegulatory & standards firsts

Only CE UWB solution with FCC approval!Only 1394 TA ratified UWB PAL

Industry momentumUWB Forum over 100 membersChina UWB Forum over 60 membersKorea UWB Forum over 40 membersMost CE OEM’s are engaged with DS-UWB


UWB Value PropositionsGreater Range (20-25 meters)Robust streaming standard and high definition video VoIP utilizing UWBEntertainment Applications

Surround sound for home entertainment

Lower Power Consumption for Mobile Applications

Cell phonesMedia players

High Quality of ServiceData Rates scaling to multi-Gbits(Multi-access performance & throughput)

Portable hard drivesMedia serversWireless docking stations



UWB: ChipsetImplementations:

XS110 Ultra-Wideband solution commercially available Next-generation 600/1000 Mbps chip families in 2006/2007Compatible with IEEE 802.15.3 MACPeer to peer as well as ad hoc networkingSophisticated power management tools for extended battery lifeCapable of miniPCI, CF, SDIO form factors

XS110 Chipset Available Now



DS-UWB Enables New Consumer Experiences

Wireless Docking Station Application

PC or DVD/RG

SmartphoneApplication

Wireless docking station application enabled by high speed DS-UWB



Your Entertainment, Information & Control Anywhere In The Home

• No wired solution can deliver freedom from jacks and wiring• No wireless has ever delivered whole house coverage for all content• A systems approach combining wired & wireless is the solution

Broadband WAN

Home Office ClusterKids’ room Cluster

1394 Home Entertainment Cluster USB Cluster

Backboneof Coax,

Power Line, 802.11n



HD/SD Compressed Video Entertainment Applications

• Connect between sources and displays• Available Now— Freescale XS110

• Data rate 110 Mbps• Range: 15 meters HD 25 meters SD• Price point $20• New reference design

• PALs & Drivers• TCP/IP PAL (now)• 1394 PAL (now)• USB 2.0 PAL (2Q05)

• Being applied to both SD and HD• Good range performance• Much lower compression for better picture• Very low latency for good control



Mobile Device Applications• Application to mobile devices• Smartphone/PDA, MP3, DSC• DVC, Media Player, Storage, display

• File transfer and streaming• Requirements

• Mobile device storage sizes• Flash 5, 32, 512, 2048 … MB• HD 2, 4, …, 60+ GB

• Range is near device or display (< 5m)• User requires file transfer time < 10 sec• DV format is 30 Mbps, MPEG is 12-20 w/ QoS

Images from camera to storage/network

MP3 titles to music player

Low Power Use Cases

MPEG4 movie or GPS maps (512 MB) to player

Mount portable HD

Low Power & High Data Rate Use

Print from handheld

Exchange your music & data



Mobile Device StreamingApplications• Digital video camcorder (DVC)• Smartphone/PDS, Media player

Requirements• Range is in view of display (<

5m)• DV Format 30 Mbps with QoS• MPEG 2 at 12-20Mbps• Power budget < 500 mW

Channel surf and PIP to handheldStream presentation

from Smartphone/PDA to projector

Stream DV or MPEGDS-UWB is just a shift register

Use Cases



DS-UWB Personal Mobile ExperienceEnabling Software Stacks

• DS-UWB 802.15.3 PAL already ratified by the 1394 TA Wireless Working Group

• Ethernet and USB PAL’s to be standardized by the UWB Forum

DS-UWB PHY

802.15.3 MAC

1394 PAL

1394Apps

TCP/IPEthernet

PAL

TCP/IP Stack

TCP/UDP/IPApps

TCP/IPOver USB

PAL

TCP/IP Stack

TCP/UDP/IPApps



Agenda

Web Services




Evolution of the Web

Email, Instant Messaging,

Web Browser

Index.html

Web Services



Optimized Web Server

Start connectionwith Web Browser

HTTP with TCP/IPJava/ActiveX embeddedin HTML

ElectronicControl System

9S12NE64

EMAC EPHY

M

Motorola

Dave’sControlCenter

Java/ActiveX is executed andSets up connection via UDP

UDP:- Data exchange- Authentication- Encryption

Slow butStandardSoftware

Fast“Real Time”Efficient

TCP/IP



Web-based Innovation

Connectivity Presentation ApplicationData

Technology

Innovation

TCP/IP, FTP

Files, E-mail Web Pages

Web Services

Data Services

HTML

XMLSOAP, UDDI

Browse the Web

Program the Web

Browse the Enterprise, B2B data exchange



Benefits of Web Services

• Language Independence• CORBA, Java RMI etc are dependent upon specific language(s)• Use of XML makes Web Services language independent

• Platform/Vendor Independence• Alternative SOA systems are proprietary or tied to a particular

vendor: DCOM, ActiveX, OPC• Web Services are based on open standards

• Extensibility• Web Services are easily adapted to different transport services• Relatively easy to “port” to new platforms

• Internet Friendly• “Internet era” technology designed to be firewall friendly• Binary data representations are hard to bridge or tunnel



Value Proposition

• Web Services technology advantages• Enables access to any type of service…• …on any type of transport• …on any type of network device• …using any type of programming language

• All based on existing open web-based standards• XML 1.0 for data and message encoding• SOAP 1.1 for message protocol• WSDL 1.1 for service description



Goals

• Interoperable with industry service platforms• .NET Interoperability (SOAP Web Services)• Follow WS-I Basic Profile (WSDL 1.0, SOAP 1.1, XML,

HTTP, HTTPS)• Built for embedded systems

• Resource requirement kept to a minimum• Native C/C++ development• Support for Java clients and services• Provide tools for code generation from WSDL



Device Networking: Introduction, Overwiev, Realization and ...

Documents