Developments and Applications of Optical Parametric Devices Title of Lecture #1: Development of Optical Parametric Devices as Tunable Sources Time: 2:30-4:45 PM, Tue., August 1, 2006 Title of Lecture #2: Applications of OPA in Ultra-sensitive Detection and Other Non-academic Fields Time: 2:30-4:45 PM, wed., August 2, 2006 Jing-Yuan Zhang (张景园) 国家自然科学基金委员会 数理学部实验物理讲习班
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Developments and Applications of Optical Parametric Devices
Title of Lecture #1:Development of Optical ParametricDevices as Tunable SourcesTime: 2:30-4:45 PM, Tue., August 1, 2006
Title of Lecture #2:Applications of OPA in Ultra-sensitiveDetection and Other Non-academic FieldsTime: 2:30-4:45 PM, wed., August 2, 2006
Jing-Yuan Zhang (张景园)
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Development of Optical Parametric Devices as Tunable Sources
Prof. Dr. Jing-Yuan Zhang
Physics Department and the Laboratory for Nonlinear Optics
Outline1. Why do nonlinear-optical effects occur2. Maxwell's equations in a medium3. Second-harmonic generation3. Sum- and difference-frequency generation4. Second-order and higher-order nonlinear optics5. Phase-matching and Conservation laws for phot6. Optical parametric processes as a tunable sourc7. Current status of optical parametric devices8. Application of parametric devices in laser TV
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Why do nonlinear-optical effects occur?• Recall that, in normal linear optics, a light wave acts on a molecule,
which vibrates and then emits its own light wave that interferes with the original light wave.
We can also imagine thisprocess in terms of the
molecular energy levels,using arrows for the
photon energies:
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Why do nonlinear-optical effects occur? (continued)Now, suppose the irradiance is high enough that many molecules are excited to the higher-energy state. This state can then act as the lower level for additional excitation. This yields vibrations at all frequencies corresponding to all energy differences between populated states.
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ABC of Nonlinear Optics and OPA• Nonlinear Optics and SHG/SFG/DFG/OPG
The electric polarization becomes nonlinear at high E-field:
Term Σχijk(2)(ωm , ωn)Ej (ωm)Ek(ωn) is responsible to all of the
three-wave second order of nonlinear optical effects, including second harmonic generation (SHG: ω + ω =2ω), sum-frequency generation (SFG: ω1 + ω2 = ω3), difference frequency generation (DFG: ω1 − ω2 = ω3), or optical parametric processes (OPG/OPA and OPO: ω1 = ω2 + ω3):
ω1 SHG: ω1 + ω1 =2ω1
ω2 SFG: ω1 + ω2 = ω3
DFG: ω1 − ω2 = ω3
Nonlinear Optical medium
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Maxwell Eq. for Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)
Equations for SHG:
2(2) *1
1 2 321 1
2(2) *2
2 1 322 2
2(2) 3
3 1 223 3
1v 2
1v 2
1v 2
i k z
g
i k z
g
i k z
g
E i E E ez t c k
E i E E ez t c k
E i E E ez t c k
ωχ
ωχ
ωχ
Δ ⋅
Δ ⋅
− Δ ⋅
⎛ ⎞∂ ∂+ = −⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟∂ ∂⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞∂ ∂+ = −⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟∂ ∂⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞∂ ∂+ = −⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟∂ ∂⎝ ⎠
where:ki = wave vector of ith waveΔk = k1 + k2 - k3vgi = group velocity of ith wave
The solutions for E1 and E2involve exponential gain!
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Phase-matching in second-harmonic generation
How does phase-matching affect SHG? It’s a major effect, another important reason you just don’t see SHG—or any other nonlinear-optical effects—every day.
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We can now satisfy the phase-matching condition.
Use the extraordinary polarizationfor ω and the ordinary for 2ω.
Phase-matching second-harmonic generation using birefringence
Birefringent materials have different refractive indices for different polarizations. Ordinary and extraordinary refractive indicescan be different by up to ~0.1 for SHG crystals.
(2 ) ( )o en nω ω= ω 2ωFrequency
Ref
ract
ive
inde
x
ne
on
ne depends on propagation angle, so we can tune for a given ω.Some crystals have ne < no, so the opposite polarizations work.
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Noncollinear SHG phase-matching
0
ˆ2 cos
2 ( )cos
pol
pol
k k k k z
k nc
θ
ω ω θ
′= + =
⇒ =
2 (2 )sigo
k ncω ω=
(2 ) ( ) cosn nω ω θ=
ˆˆcos sink k z k xθ θ= −
ˆˆcos sink k z k xθ θ′ = +
z
x
But: So the phase-matching condition becomes:
θθ
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First demonstration of second-harmonic generation• P.A. Franken, et al, Physical Review Letters 7, p. 118 (1961)
The second-harmonic beam was very weak because the process was not phase-matched.
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First demonstration of SHG: the dataThe actual published results…
Input beamThe second harmonic
Note that the very weak spot due to the second harmonic is missing. It was removed by an overzealous Physical Review Letters editor,who thought it was a speck of dirt.
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SHG efficiency
22 0( , ) exp( 2)sinc( 2)
2LE L t i P i kL kL
kω μ ω
= − Δ Δ
2 (2) 2 2 22 20
2 30
( ) ( ) sinc ( 2)2
I LI kLc n
ωω η ω χ
= Δ
I 2ω
Iω =2η0ω 2d 2I ω L2
c02n3
28 2[5 10 / ]I W I L
I
ωω
ω−≈ ×
The second-harmonic field is given by:
The irradiance will be:
Dividing by the input irradiance to obtain the SHG efficiency:
Substituting in typical numbers:
Take Δk = 0
d ∝ χ (2), and includes crystal additional parameters.
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Sinusoidal dependence of SHG intensity on length
Large Δk Small Δk
Notice how the intensity is created as the beam passes through the crystal, but, if Δk isn’t zero, newly created light is out of phase with previously created light, causing cancellation.
These crystals convertas much as 80% of theinput light to its secondharmonic. Then additionalcrystals produce thethird harmonic withsimilar efficiency!
These guys are serious!
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Even higher intensities!
National Ignition Facility (under construction)
192 shaped pulses; 1.8 MJ total energy
Nova
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Even Higher Intensities!
National Ignition Facility (under construction)
192 shaped pulses10.4 kJ per beam in UV (done)21 kJ per beam in IR (done)>1.8 MJ total energy (planned)Pulses 0.2 to 25 ns in length
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I
Δk
Phase-matching bandwidth
Phase-matching only works exactly for one wavelength, say λ0. Since ultrashort pulses have lots of bandwidth, achieving approximate phase-matching for all frequencies is a big issue.
The range of wavelengths (or frequencies) that achieve approximate phase-matching is the phase-matching bandwidth.
[ ]4( ) ( ) ( / 2)k n nπλ λ λλ
Δ = −
0λ 0
2λWavelength
Ref
ract
ive
inde
x
ne
no
2 2( ) ( / ) sinc ( / 2)sigI L L k Lλ∝ Δ
Recall that the intensity out of an SHG crystal of length L is:
where:
( ) )/ 2 (n nλ λ≠
2λ
λ
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Group-velocity mismatch of SHG of ultra-short lasers
Inside the crystal the two different wavelengths have different group velocities.
Define the Group-Velocity Mismatch (GVM):
0 0
1 1v ( / 2) v ( )g g
GVMλ λ
≡ −
Crystal
As the pulse enters the crystal:
As the pulseleaves the crystal:
Second harmonic createdjust as pulse enters crystal(overlaps the input pulse)
Second harmonic pulse lagsbehind input pulse due to GVM
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Group-velocity mismatch (GVM)
0 / ( )v ( )1 ( )
( )
gc n
nn
λλ λ λλ
=′−
0 0 0 00 0
0 0 0 0
( / 2) / 2 ( )1 ( / 2) 1 ( )( / 2) ( )
n nn nc n c n
λ λ λ λλ λλ λ
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤′ ′= − − −⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
00 0
0
1( ) ( / 2)2
GVM n ncλ λ λ⎡ ⎤′ ′= −⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦
Calculating GVM:
0
1 ( ) 1 ( )v ( ) ( )g
n nc nλ λ λ
λ λ⎡ ⎤′= −⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦
So:
0 0
1 1v ( / 2) v ( )g g
GVMλ λ
≡ −
x xx x x xBut we only care about GVM when n(λ0/2) = n(λ0)
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Group-velocity mismatch lengthens
the SH pulse.
Assuming that a very short pulse enters the crystal, the length of the , SH pulse, δ t, will be determined by the difference in light-travel times through the crystal:
δ t =L
v g(λ0 / 2)−
Lv g(λ0 )
= L GVM
Crystal
L GVM << τ pWe always try to satisfy:
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L /LD
Group-velocity mismatch pulse lengthening of ultra-short laser pulses
Second-harmonic pulse shape for different crystal lengths:
It’s best to use a very thin crystal. Sub-100-micron crystalsare common for fs-laser.
LD ≡τ p
GVM
Inputpulseshape
LD is the crystal length that doubles the pulse length.
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Group-velocity mismatch numbers国家
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Group-velocity mismatch limits bandwidth.Let’s compute the second-harmonic bandwidth due to GVM.
Take the SH pulse to have a Gaussian intensity, for which δt δν = 0.44. Rewriting in terms of the wavelength,
where we’ve neglected the minus sign since we’re computing the bandwidth, which is inherently positive. So the bandwidth is:
01
0 02
0.44 /( ) ( / 2)FWHM
Ln n
λδλλ λ
≈′ ′−
Calculating the bandwidth by considering the GVM yields the sameresult as the phase-matching bandwidth!
2 20 0 0 00.44 / 0.44 /
FWHMc c
t L GVMλ λδλ
δ≈ = 0
0 00
1( ) ( / 2)2
GVM n ncλ λ λ⎡ ⎤′ ′= −⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦
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Alternative method for phase-matching: periodic poling
Recall that the second-harmonic phase alternates every coherence length when phase-matching is not achieved, which is always the case for the same polarizations—whose nonlinearity is much higher.
Periodic poling solves this problem. But such complex crystals are hard to grow and have only recently become available.
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Phase-matching = Conservation laws for photons in nonlinear optics
Adding the frequencies:
is the same as energy conservation if we multiply both sides by ħ:
1 2 3 4 5 sigω ω ω ω ω ω+ + − + =
1 2 3 4 5 sigk k k k k k+ + − + =
1 2 3 4 5 sigω ω ω ω ω ω+ + − + =
1 2 3 4 5 sigk k k k k k+ + − + =polk
ωsig
So phase-matching is equivalent to conservation of energy and momentum!
•Tunable from 1.1 μm to 3.0 μm with no tuning hole in output •Optional harmonic and difference frequency-mixing accessories extend tuning range from <300 nm to >10 μm •Sum frequency mixing option •Pulse-to-pulse stability with kHz repetition rates •Type II phase matching of the OPA crystal (BBO) produces near transform limited output and allows tuning through degeneracy point •Two-stage amplifier design with unique pump beams for each amplification stage •Sub-50 fs and sub-90 fs pulse widths available •Picosecond option with <25 cm-1 linewidth •Capable of dual OPA operation with single Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier •Operation with fs or ps output or with different pumping energies
Recent development of OPG/OPA in the ultra-short pulse duration
**8-fs OPA: with a bandwidth of ~660-800 nm, G. Cerullo et al. Optics Letters, 23, 1283, 1998
**~5-fs OPA with a bandwidth of ~600-800 nm, T. Kobayashi’s group, Optics Letters, April, 2002 White-light (bandwidth of 700 nm) OPA---potential for <3-fs
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NOPA specs国家
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Commercial All Solid Optical Parametric Systems as Tunable Sources国
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Optical Parametric Generation of IR
Recent results using the nonlinear medium,periodically poledRbTiOAsO4
Sibbett, et al., Opt. Lett., 22, 1397 (1997).
signal:
idler:
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Recent development of OPG/OPA in the tuning range:
1.Extension to UV (266-nm-pumped CLBO)J. Y. Zhang, Y. F. Kong, Z. Xu (许祖彦)and D. Shen (沈德中), “Optical parametric properties of UV pumped cesium lithium borate crystals ", Applied Optics, Vol. 41, pp. 251-258 (2002)Tuning range: 347nm—1137nmOptical efficiency: 11%
“
2. Extension to Far-IR & THZ (1064-pumped GaSe)C.-W. Chen, Y.-K. Hsu, J. Y. Huang, C.S. Chang, C.-L. Pan, J.-Y. Zhang, "Intense Picosecond Infrared Pulses Tunable from 2.4 μm to 38 μm for Nonlinear Optics Application", (Presented at JQEC and CLEO-Pacific-Rim, paper CFI3-1, Tokyo, Japan, July 11-15, 2005)Y.-K. Hsu C.-W. Chen, J. Y. Huang, C.S. Chang, C.-L. Pan, J.-Y. Zhang, “Erbium doped GaSe crystal for mid-IR applications”, (Optics Express, 14, 2006)C.-W. Chen, Y.-K. Hsu, J. Y. Huang, C.S. Chang, C.-L. Pan, J.-Y. Zhang, “Parametric gain dominated picosecond infrared light source tuning from 2.4 μm to 38 μm by difference frequency generation in GaSe”, (Optics Express, to be published)
Generation of free-space THz pulses using ultrashort pulses
radiated THz waveDC bias
photoconductive switchfemtosecond optical beam
A fs pulse induces conductivity in a biased photoconductive switch.
When the pulse is on, current flows. Accelerating charges emit light.
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THz yields a time-domain spectrometer
Scanning optical delay line
THzTransmitter
Current preamplifier
A/D converter & DSP
THzDetector
DC bias
Femtosecond Laser
Sample
Simply measuring
the THz spectrum
before and after a
sample tells us its
absorption spectrum
in the THz range.
THz has been used to measure species in a flame (Grischkowski and coworkers).
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THz sees the metal leads through the plastic packaging.~ 0.25 millimeter spatial resolutionUseful for fault detection, delamination
Visible image
THz image of a semiconductor integrated circuit
THz image
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THz imaging of tooth decay
M. Pepper, Teraview Ltd.
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50 mm
paraffin
metastasis
healthy tissue
Optical image of a liver sample containing tumors
THz image: 0.2 - 0.5 THz
M. Koch, TU Braunschweig
THz imaging for tumor detectionTumors appear to have different THz absorption
properties from normal tissue.
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Plant is allowed to dry somewhat, and then wateredAs the leaf rehydrates, THz transmission decreases
Proof of principle experiment:
AfterBefore
After watering
0 10 20 30 40 500
10
20
30
% tr
ansm
issi
on
position (mm)
Before watering
Changes smaller than 1% are detectable
Water content in a living leaf国家
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THz (0.1-10 THz) Generation by Difference Frequency Generation (DFG)
Ns-YAG SHG
OPO
GP
GaSeTHz detector
W. Shi, Y. J. Ding, X. Mu, and N. Fernelius, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3889 (2002).W. Shi and Y. J. Ding, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1635 (2004).
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THz generation by optical rectification
OSC. Stretcher Regen
Amp Compressor
Bolometer
G1
G2
1.5 kw, 0.7-2.0 THz, ps, Daniel. F. Gordon et al. Optics Express, 14, 6815, 2006
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Effect of Er-doping on THz-DFG in GaSe crystal
Optical Configuration of DFG for generating high-power, picosecond FIR/THz
OPA
Delay
Delay
ND filter
psNd:YAG
Laser
355 nm
λp=1.064μm
GaSe
Ge filter
MCT detector
PBSλs=1.1-1.7μm
M3
M7
M10
M11
M12
M8
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Phase matching curve for Type-I GaSe crystal pumped at 1064-nm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Theoretical Experimental
Out
put W
avel
engt
h (μ
m)
External PM Angle (degrees)
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(a) (b)
Fig. 2. X-Ray rocking curves of the diffraction peak from the (008) plane of the pure GaSe and 0.5% Er:GaSe crystals.
*
22.5 22.8 23.1
FWHM=0.0250
(90 arcsecond)
XRD
Inte
nsity
(arb
. uni
ts)θ (degrees)
0.5% Er:GaSe
22.5 22.8 23.1
FWHM=0.020
(72 arcsecond)
XRD
Inte
nsity
(arb
. uni
ts)
θ (degrees)
pure GaSe国家
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Absorption and doping in GaSe
*
0 5 10 15 20 250.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.10.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8 pure GaSe 0.5% Er:GaSe
Tran
smitt
ance
Wavelength (μm)
pure GaSe 0.5% Er:GaSe
Tran
smitt
ance
Wavelength(μm)Infrared transmission spectra of the pure and 0.5% Er:GaSe crystals. Inset, optical transmission spectra of the pure and 0.5% Er:GaSe crystals at near infrared region.
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Generation of Tunable Far-IR in GaSe
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0.01
0.1
1
10
Pu
lse
Ener
gy (μ
J)
Output Wavelength (μm)
pure GaSe 0.2% Er:GaSe 0.5% Er:GaSe
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Doping and Optical Efficiency in DFG
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.60.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0Ef
ficie
ncy(
%)
Energy/Pulse(μJ)
0.5% Er:GaSe pure GaSe
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Why Thin and Large Screen Laser-TV?国家
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Demands for large screen TV has been increasing and only laser-TV can provide >80” screen国
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Consumer’s needs are the fuel国家
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Advantages of Laser TV--- RGB Generation
Lasers have long been recognized for their potential as illumination sources for projection applications due to their wide color gamut and high light energy efficiency
Advantages of laser TV:• Laser enables thin, sculpted, modern look• Laser enables large, lightweight, efficient design• Laser provides the most precise light source available• Widest range of colors of any display technology• Color gamut (>90%) 1.8x standard LCD (58%) displays
1.3x NTSC(78%), and 3.3x plasma (30%) displays• Pure deep colors ( Ultra High Color Intensity)• Laser enables unrivaled picture quality• Laser enables large-screen
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Chromaticity diagram according to CIE 1931, taken from efg's Computer Lab, page on chromaticity diagrams, with friendly permission from Earl F. Glynn. His webpage contains more information on different kinds of chromaticity diagrams.
Laser-based projection system displays high definition television (HDTV) images on 20 ft. screen. (Courtesy of
COLOR )国
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Using DPSS and OPO technology for RGB generation
* Modulation: Reflective liquid crystal display technology * Pump source: Near-IR by DPSS in vanadate (Nd:YVO4) laser * RGB generation:
(a) OPO pumped by DPSS at 1.0-μm to generate 1.5- μm beam; (b) SFG of 1.5- μm beam with 1.0-μm to generate pulsed 628 nm
emission with an average power of 10 W (c) SHG of vanadate (Nd:YVO4) laser capable of producing 13
W at 532 nm. (d) A second Nd:YVO4 laser operating at third harmonic (SHG+SFG)
produces 7 W of output at 447 nm * Brightness: exceeds 10,000 lumens, reduced by 2/3 as it passes
through the projection system, * Effective luminance: 3000 ANSI lumens at the screen * Resolution: 1600 x 1200 DPI; * Contrast ratio: as high as 1700:1 (500:1 for lamp-based systems) * Video bandwidth: as high as 150 MHz
• Tuning range of OPO/OPGOPA:Visible: 405-2500 nm (355-nm pumped BBO, LBO) J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Huang and Y. R. Shen, Applied Physics Letters, 58, 213 (1990); J. Y. Huang, J. Y. Zhang and Y. R. Shen, Applied Physics Letters, 57, 1961 (1990);Near/mid-IR:1.2-8.5 μm (1064-nm pumped LiNbO3, AgGaS2) J. Y. Zhang et al., 1990, J. Y. Zhang, et al. 1995Far-IR/THz: 0.2-10 THz, 200W at 1.5 THz ns W. Shi, Y. J. Ding et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 8.0, 3889, 2002);
4-10 THz, 5KW, ps, C. W. Chen and J. Y. Zhang et al, 2005 CLEO; Optics Express, 14, 5484, 2006;1.5 kw, 0.7-2.0 THz, ps, Daniel. F. Gordon et al. Optics Express, 14, 6815, 2006
• Bandwidth of OPO/OPG/OPA:ns-OPO: 0.1-1.0 cm-1; ps-OPG/OPA: 1-10 cm-1;(J. Y. Zhang, 1990)fs-OPG/OPA: 103 cm-1; (Akira Shirakawa, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 147-149(1998).We have increased to 13,400 cm-1 (J. Y. Zhang et al., 2004)
• Pulse duration of OPO/OPG/OPA :Nano-second OPO (3-5 ns)Picosecond OPG/OPA (10-20 ps)Femtosecond OPG/OPA (5-150 fs) (Akira Shirakawa, Takayoshi Kobayashi, “Sub-10-fs tunable pulses in visible and NIR and visible sub-5-fs pulses generated by noncollinear OPA”, J. Luminescence, 87-89, 119-120(2000). Potentially can be reduced to ~2-3 fs
Summary of Optical Parametric Devices国家
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• J. Y. Huang, J. Y. Zhang and Y. R. Shen, "A new, high power, widely tunable picosecond coherent light source from optical parametric amplification in barium borate", Applied Physics Letters, 57, 1961 (1990);
• J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Huang and Y. R. Shen, "Picosecond optical parametric amplification in lithium triborate", Applied Physics Letters, 58, 213 (1990); • H. Zhou, J. Y. Zhang, T. Chen, C. Chen and Y. R. Shen, "A picosecond, narrow-band, widely tunable optical parametric oscillator using a temperature-
tuned lithium borate crystal", Applied Physics Letters, 62, 1457 (1993);• J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Huang, Y. R. Shen and C. T. Chen, "Optical Parametric Generation and Amplification in Barium Borate and Lithium Triborate
Crystals", (Invited paper) J. Opt. Soc. Am.: B. 10, 1758-1764 (1993);• J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Huang and Y. R. Shen, "Optical Parametric Generation and Amplification" (An International Handbook on Laser Science and
Technology) Edited by V.S. Letokhov, C. V. Shank, Y. R. Shen and H. Walther ( Harwood Academic Publishers, Feb., 1995); • Zuyan Xu, J. Y. Zhang, Chaowen Yu, Yufei Kong and Daoqun Deng, "Femtosecond traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier with BBO", Chinese
Journal of Lasers, Vol. A23, No.8, 678, 1996;• K. S. Wong, , H. Wang, G. K. Wong and J. Y. Zhang, "KHz Visible Femtosecond parametric generation and amplification in BBO and LBO crystals",
Applied Optics, Vol. 36, 1889, (1997);• J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Huang and Y. R. Shen, "Picosecond optical parametric amplification in lithium triborate" SPIE Milestone Series and Optical
Parametric Oscillators and Amplifiers, Edited by J. H. Hunt (1997);• J. Y. Huang, J. Y. Zhang and Y. R. Shen, "A new, high power, widely tunable picosecond coherent light source from optical parametric amplification in
barium borate", SPIE Milestone Series and Optical Parametric Oscillators and Amplifiers, Edited by J. H. Hunt (1997);• H. Zhou, J. Y. Zhang, T. Chen, C. Chen and Y. R. Shen, "A picosecond, narrow-band, widely tunable optical parametric oscillator using a temperature-
tuned lithium borate crystal", SPIE Milestone Series and Optical Parametric Oscillators and Amplifiers, Edited by J. H. Hunt (1997);• J. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Huang, K. S. Wong, H. Wang, and G. K. Wong, "Second harmonic generation from Regeneratively Amplified femtosecond laser
pulses in BBO and LBO crystals", Journal of Optical Society of America B, Vol. 15, Jan., 200-209 (1998);• J. Y. Zhang, Z. Y. Xu, Y. F. Kong , Chaowen Yu, and Yichen Wu, "Highly efficient, widely tunable, 10-Hz parametric amplifier pumped by frequency-
doubled femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses", Applied Optics, Vol. 37, No. 15, May 20, 3299-3305 (1998); • D. Zhang, Y. F. Kong J. Y. Zhang, “Optical parametric properties of 532-nm-pumped BBO near the infrared absorption edge”, Optics Communications,
184, 485-491 (2000);• J. Y. Zhang Y. F. Kong, Z. Xu and D. Shen, “Optical parametric properties of UV pumped cesium lithium borate crystals ", Applied Optics, Vol. 41, pp.
251-258 (2002);• Chao-Kuei Lee, Jing-Yuan Zhang, J. Y. Huang and Ci-Ling Pan, “Generation of femtosecond laser pulses tunable from 380 nm to 465 nm via cascaded
nonlinear optical mixing in a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier with a type-I phase matched BBO crystal,” Optics Express 11, 1702-1708 (2003);• Chao-Kuei. Lee, Jung Y. John Huang and Ci-Ling Pan, Jing-Yuan Zhang, “Theoretical and experimental studies of tunable UV/blue femtosecond pulses
in a 405-nm pumped type-I β-BaB2O4 non-collinear optical parametric amplifier and cascading sum-frequency generation”, Journal of Optical Society of America B, 21, 1494-1499 (2004).
• Yu-Kuei Hsu, Ching-Wei Chen, Jung Y. Huang, Ci-Ling Pan, and Jing-Yuan Zhang,” Erbium doped GaSe crystal for mid-IR applications”, Optics Express, 14, 5484-5491, 2006.
• X. H. Chen, X. F. Han, Y. X. Weng, Jing-Yuan Zhang, “Transient Spectrometer for Near-IR Fluorescence Based on Parametric Frequency Up-Conversion”, (accepted for publication at Appl. Phys. Lett., 2006);
• Ching-Wei Chen, Yu-Kuei Hsu, Jung Y. Huang, Ci-Ling Pan, and Jing-Yuan Zhang, “Parametric gain dominated picosecond infrared light source tuning from 2.4 μm to 38 μm by difference frequency generation in GaSe”, (Optics Express, to be published, 2006)
• X. H. Chen, X. F. Han, Y. X. Weng, Jing-Yuan Zhang, “Characteristic of OPA-based ultra-sensitive femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectrometer”, (submitted to Optics Express, 2006)