Development of Safety Research Roadmap for Plant Life ... have been little of effective cooperative research theme ... AESJ’s Special Committee on Nuclear Safety Research ... Objective

Copyright (C) Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Development of Safety Research Roadmap for

Plant Life Cycle Management of LWR

IAEA 4th PLiM

Lyon, France

October 23, 2017

Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Masayuki Takizawa

The University of Tokyo

Seiichi Koshizuka


Presentation Contents

1Copyright (C) Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

� Introduction

� Roadmap Development Scheme

� Roadmap Examples

� Present Works under the Roadmap and Future Issues


Introduction



Background

Unit1 Unit2 Unit3 Unit4

Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS Accident 2011

©GeoEye




Restructure of Nuclear Regulation System in Japan

Special Inspections to Extend Operational Period

Background


Decrease Trend of Nuclear Power Plants Installed Capacity

Insta

lled

Cap

acit

y (

MW

)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Calendar Year

40 year operation limit

60-year operation limit

43 Plants

43 Plants

43 + 3 New Plants (60-year)

43 + 3 New Plants

(60-year)


Background


Increase of Decommissioning

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

BWR : 22 units

PWR : 20 units

Decommissioning BWR

1F-1

1F-2 1F-3 1F-51F-4

1F-6

1F : Fukushima-DaiichiGCR ATR

Hamaoka-1

Hamaoka-2

Tsuruga-1

Mihama-1

Mihama-2

Shimane-1

Genkai-1 Ikata-1

Start of Commercial Operation

Ele

ctr

ical O

utp

ut

(MW

e)

Decommissioning PWR


Background


Suggestion by METI Panel of intellectuals in 2014

� Weak Points on Safety Research Activities in Japan� Shrink of fundamental safety research activities after 1990 because of maturity of

light water nuclear reactor’s technology

� Shrink of research activities for severe accident (SA) countermeasure after 2000

because of disvalue on SA

� Shortage of cooperation between regulatory body and utilities / venders for safety

research activities

� There have been little of effective cooperative research theme conducted by regulatory

body and utilities / venders

� “Nuclear Safety Research Roadmap” should be reconstructed� Participation of many stakeholders

� Clarification of division of roles among stakeholders

� To avoid duplication of activities and waste of resource expense

� To enhance communication between regulatory body and utilities / venders with the roadmap


Background


Roadmap Construction Scheme



Stakeholders Relation for the Roadmap Development

Advisory Committee for Natural

Resources and Energy

AESJ’s Special Committee on

Nuclear Safety Research Roadmap

WG on Voluntary Improvement of Safety,

Technology and Human Resource

IndustriesThe Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

Plant Manufacturers

AcademiaUniversities, JAEA

Government as observerAgency for Natural Resource and Energy in METI

Nuclear

Regulation

Authority

(NRA)

Science Council

of Japan

Architectural

Institute of Japan

Japan Association for

Earthquake

Engineering

IAEA

OECD/NEA

Organization in

Other countries

Nuclear Standards

Committee of JEA

The Public

Safety Technology and

Human Resource Roadmap

International Community

Nuclear Energy Subcommittee

METI

AESJ : Atomic Energy Society of Japan

Original Plan of

the Roadmap

Request to draft

the Roadmap

Basic Energy Plan in Japan

Positioning of Nuclear Power in Energy Policy




Eight Categories set up in the Roadmap

1. Utilization of Risk Information for existing LWRs

2. Reduction of Risk of Existing LWRs

Developing Design, Aging Management and Maintenance

3. Measures to prevent on-site damage from expanding in the event of an

accident

4. Measures to minimize off-site damage in the event of an accident

5. Safe decommissioning of existing reactors

6. Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security

7. Development of Innovative Technologies applicable to LWR, which are

beyond conventional ideas

8. Maintenance and development of Human Resources required for safe

and continuous use of LWRs



Composition of Eight Categories in the Roadmap

As a result of the above

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1. Utilization of Risk Information for existing light water reactors, etc.

Safety Measures for the Existing Reactors from Design to Decommissioning

2. Reduction of Risk of existing light water

reactors3. Measures to prevent on-site

damage from expanding in

the event of an accident

4. Measures to minimize off-

site damage in the event of

an accident 5.

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7. Development of Innovative Technologies applicable to light water

reactors, which are beyond conventional ideas

Continuous contribution

8. Maintenance and development of Human Resources required for

safe and continuous use of light water reactors

Design -> Construction -> Operation -> Aging Management



AESJ’s Special Committee Sub-GroupsS

ub

-Co

mm

itte

e

Maintenance and

Plant Life Management

Review countermeasures against facility ageing based

on operational experiences and plant maintenance as

well as the challenges related to safe operation.

Safety Improvement

through Design

Review the challenges related to safety improvement

through design activities for fuels, materials, thermal

hydraulics, etc.

Accident

ManagementReview the challenges related to accident management.

Earthquake Resistance

and External Events

Review the challenges related to long-term durability of

buildings and structures with taking into account

external events such as earthquakes tsunamis and

external events.

Decommissioning (*)Review the challenges related to the processes of safe

decommissioning of the existing reactors and handling

of large wastes, etc.

Nuclear SecurityReview the challenges related to nuclear non-

proliferation and nuclear security as nuclear energy is

widely used in international community.

* Technology Development related to Decommissioning of

TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi NPS is not included in this Roadmap.



Objective and Five Pillars to Find Issues



Milestones to Complete Long-term Objectives

Stage 2(Medium term)

Stage 3(Long Term)

Stage 1(Short term)

2050

1. Innovative Technology to Reduce Risks of Nuclear Power Plant System

associated with Radiation Exposure and Release of Radioactivity

2. Innovative Technology to Reduce the Volume and Toxicity of Radioactive

Waste

3. Global Sharing Latest Knowledge and Technology on Nuclear Safety

2030

2020

1. Nuclear Power as Stable Energy Source with Cost Competitiveness through

Continuous and Risk Reduction of and Trust from the People

2. Advanced Plant Design Technology and Management for Further Safety

Improvement

3. Establishment of International Framework to Cooperation to Share Human

Resources and Technology

1. Voluntary Efforts of Operators with Prime Responsibility to Nuclear Safety

and Dialogue with all the Stakeholders

2. Effective Decision Making to Reduce Risk by both Regulator and Operators

3. Systematic and Harmonized Approach for Disaster Prevention in Japan

where Natural Disasters may induce Large Contribution of Risk

4. Sharing Lessons Learnt from the Fukushima Accident in addition to

contribute Technology Transfer and Knowledgebase for Nuclear Safety



Index for Prioritizing Safety Issues in the Roadmap

（A）Substantial (Short-term viewpoint) Prioritizing Index

（B）Fundamental (Long-term viewpoint) Prioritizing Index

2. Comprehensive Risk Reduction

1. Prevention of Fukushima-Accident Reoccurrence

1. Development of Common Basis

3. Cultivation of Human Resources

3. Cost-benefit Performance

2. Breakthrough for World-wide Nuclear Safety



Example of Prioritized Safety Issues (Research Theme)

1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.

S102_a07 Cultivation of Safety Culture ○ 3.7 2.9 1.50 1.00 1.17 1.67 0.42 0.83

S102_a09 Development of organization management for the utilization of risk information ○ 3.7 2.6 1.33 1.17 1.17 1.50 0.33 0.75

S102_a12 Formulation of Integrated Risk Informed Disigion Making Systems and Human Resources ○ 4.3 3.6 1.67 1.33 1.25 1.67 0.58 1.33

S103_b06 Gaining a Consensus for Determining Radioactive Waste Disposal Places ○ 3.3 2.8 1.08 0.92 1.25 1.75 0.42 0.67

S103M102L101_b01 Execution of Stake holder Communication with Risk Infromation ○ 3.7 3.3 1.67 0.83 1.17 1.67 0.58 1.08

M103L101_a04 Establishment of Risk Governance for Major Natural Disasters ◎ 4.5 3.7 1.83 1.58 1.08 1.50 0.92 1.25

S104M101L102_b02-1Enhancement of Relation among Sakeholders (including local community) for Accident Prevention and

Evacuation ○ 4.0 3.0 1.75 1.08 1.17 1.58 0.42 1.00

L104_d41 Innovative Material Development for long term operation (Over 60 years) ○ 2.4 4.2 0.45 0.91 1.00 1.55 1.09 1.55

S106_c03 Study on Quick Grasp Method of Effects of Outer Non-Earthquake-and-Tsunami Events ◎ 4.3 3.9 1.58 1.50 1.25 1.75 1.08 1.08

S107_c08 Development of Condition Monitoring Systems and Framework for Low-frequency Outer Events △ 2.8 2.8 1.42 0.75 0.67 1.25 0.83 0.75

M107_d48 Reuse of the Reactor Building and Site after Decommissioning △ 2.2 2.5 0.42 0.42 1.33 1.33 0.42 0.75

S109M104L103_d27 Development of Computer Security Technology ○ 3.5 3.7 0.64 1.45 1.36 1.64 0.91 1.18

S109M104L103_d28 Development of Nucler Security Systems ○ 3.5 3.5 0.64 1.55 1.36 1.36 0.91 1.18

S111_d13 Improvement of Risk Evaluation Methods and Application to SA Countermeasures ◎ 4.8 3.9 1.92 1.42 1.42 1.67 1.08 1.17

S111_d29 Development of Operation and Maintenance Control with utilizing Risk Infromation ◎ 4.8 3.8 1.42 1.67 1.75 1.75 0.83 1.25

S111_d32 Development of Condition Monitoring ◎ 4.3 4.0 1.18 1.55 1.55 1.64 0.73 1.64

S111_d39 Development of Inspection and Repair Technique ○ 3.0 3.7 0.55 1.09 1.36 1.45 0.73 1.55

S111M106L103_d01 Development of Framework of Learning and Applying the Latest Knowledge of 1F Accident ◎ 4.9 3.0 2.00 1.58 1.33 1.75 0.58 0.67

S111M107_d17-1 Development of the Evaluation Technique of Core and RCS Design with Hydrodynamic Calculation ○ 3.6 3.7 0.91 1.45 1.27 1.64 0.73 1.36

S111M107_d18-1 Development of Nuclear Fuel Safety Reliability with Advanced Technology ○ 3.4 3.7 1.09 1.09 1.18 1.36 1.00 1.36

S111M107_d36 Development of Evaluation Methods and Systems for Aging Manageent ◎ 3.1 4.4 0.55 1.18 1.36 1.91 1.09 1.36

S111M107L103_d42 Improvement of SSC's Reliability and those Functions ◎ 4.7 3.9 1.75 1.58 1.33 1.50 1.00 1.42

S111M107L104_d10 Establishment of Worldwide Standard Design with Considering and Enhancing Resilience Concept ◎ 4.2 4.7 1.67 1.50 1.00 1.58 1.33 1.75

S112M107_d08 Development of Safety Calculation & Evaluation Code Systems ◎ 4.4 4.3 1.67 1.33 1.42 1.83 0.83 1.67

S113_d44 Development of Decommissionging Technique for High Level Radio Activated Components ○ 3.3 3.7 0.67 1.42 1.25 1.50 0.92 1.25

（Ｂ）Prioritized Ranking Score

ID Safety Countermeasure Issues' Title(A) (B)Total

（A）


Roadmap Examples




Composition of Each Category in the Roadmap


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Example of the Roadmap for Nuclear Safety Design, Aging Management and Maintenance





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Example of the Roadmap for Nuclear Safety Accident Management and Disaster Prevention





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Example of the Roadmap for Nuclear Safety Decommissioning


Present Works under the Roadmap

and Future Issues




Presentations by Japan List of 4th PLiM

Title Session

Life Cycle Management, including Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident Prenary

Japanese Codes and Standards to Support Long Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plant 1-3

Activities for Long Term Operation – Special Inspection and Technical Evaluation of Ageing Degradation 1-4

Soundness Assessment Method for Concrete Structures Based on Date Obtained from Decommissioning HAMOKA NPP 1-5

A Research Activity using Decommissioning HAMAOKA Unit-1 1-5

UK ABWR -New NPP design for UK 1-6

Extension of Operating Period of NPPs Taking into Account Cost Efficiency and Activities for Long Term Operation 2-1

Implementation of IGALL in Japanese NPPs 3-1

JANSI Guidelines for Inspection and Evaluation of Reactor Vessel Internals 3-5

Status of The Master Curve Fracture Toughness Evaluation Method using Miniature C(T) Specimens. 3-5

Post-Japanese NRA Research Project on Soundness Evaluation Criteria for Radiation-Induced Concrete Degradation 3-9

Replacement of Pressurizer Safe End Weld 4-1

Establishment of Systematic Design Control/ Configuration Management Processes for Safe Operation of TEPCO NPPs 4-2

New Structural Engineering Approach to Enhance Resilience against BDBE 4-2

Development of Safety Research Roadmap for Plant Life Cycle Management of LWR. 4-2

Knowledge Transfer for Long Term Operation 5-1

Human resource Development Activities at the University of Tokyo towards a Proactive Nuclear Regulatory 5-1

Studies on Ageing Mechanism of Structural Materials using Ion Accelerator Facilities P1

Physical Properties of Concrete Obtained from the Reactor Building of Decommissioning Hamaoka NPP P2

Summary of Japanese NRA Research Project on Soundness Evaluation Procedures for Radiation Induced Concrete Degradation P2

Evaluation of the Neutron Irradiation Embrittlement of RPV Steels: Development of Embrittlement Trend Curve and Investigation of Through-wall Attenuation P2

Current Status of the Revision of the Embrittlement Trend Curve in Japan P2

Special Inspection for License Renewal of Nuclear Power Plants -Introduction of NDE Techniques- P3

Guidelines for Maintenance and Management of Structures in Nuclear Facilities in Japan P3

Human Resources Development Focusing on the Nuclear System Safety in Reginal Cooperation with NPP Location Area P4

To be said as Activities under the Roadmap



Cross Cutting Issues should be focused on


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Improving the Functions of the Roadmap

� To Involve Regulatory Side more and more in Japan� Opportunities of communication between utilities and regulatory body

should be increased.

� Appropriate cooperative research theme between them should be enhanced.

� To Coordinate International Cooperation Research Activities� The roadmap should be opened and shared internationally.

� Nuclear safety must be kept by sharing knowledge lesson learned worldwide.

� To Open Real Information and Issues Transparently� The research activities should be explained to the public with plain

explanation why the activities are needed or why the activities are now prioritized.

� Sincere efforts for the nuclear safety could be accepted by public with improving process of the roadmap.


Summary

� The roadmap for improving nuclear safety and cultivating

human resources has been developed in Japan after 1F

accident.

� Eight categories (seven safety issues plus human resource

issue) are set up in the roadmap.

� Over one hundred safety issues (technical, organizational and

social related) have been clarified and described into the

roadmap with prioritizing index.

� Cross cutting issues between different categories should be

focused on in order to avoid omitting importance safety issues.

� The direction of improving the nuclear safety roadmap has

been clarified to utilize nuclear power sustainably.



Thank you for your Attention!



Development of Safety Research Roadmap for Plant Life ... have been little of effective cooperative research theme ... AESJ’s Special Committee on Nuclear Safety Research ... Objective

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