Development of GHG Inventories in Indonesia: National System Indonesia Rizaldi Boer Bogor Agricultural University E-mail: [email protected]
Jan 18, 2016
Development of GHG Inventories in Indonesia: National System Indonesia
Rizaldi Boer
Bogor Agricultural University
E-mail: [email protected]
Background• Indonesia:
– Ratified Convention on Climate Change through Act Number 6/1994
– Ratified Kyoto Protocol through Act Number 17/2004. The Minister of Foreign Affair has deposited an instrument of ratification to the UNFCCC secretariat in 3 December 2004
• Indonesian Progress in the Preparation of CCC and Kyoto Protocol:– Indonesia has submitted its Initial National Communication to the
Secretariat in 1999– DNA for CDM is in the final stage of development. It is expected
that the DNA will operate in 2005.– Some of related Ministries, such as Ministry of Forestry and
Ministry for Energy and Mineral Resources have established National Working Group on CDM
Institutional Systems for the Preparation of National GHG Inventory and 1st NATCOM
Other Ministries
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Forestry
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Ministry of Environment
National Committee for
Climate Change
National Team for GHG Inventory
Development: Univ. Res. Agencies
National Workshop for
GHG Inventory
Finalization of GHG Inventory
Inter-ministrial Team for
Development of NATCOM
Development of NATCOM
Other agencies (NGOs etc)
Emission Factors
Studies in V&A to Climate Changes
Activity Data
GHG Mitigation Technologies Assessments
National Team for GHG
Inventories
Interministrial Team for NATCOM
National Policies Programs
NATCOM Document
UNFCCC Secretariat
Universities & Res. Agencies
Ministries, Stat. Bureau & Other agencies
Process of National GHG Inventory and NATCOM
Preparation
Ministry of Environment
Proposed Institutional Arrangement in the Preparation of Future National GHG Inventories and NATCOMs (?)
Other Related Agencies
Ministry of Transport.
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Forestry
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Reviewed by external entities
National Committee for Climate Change
Sectoral Working Groups (?)
(or) Designated Division at the
related ministries
Documents: GHG Inventory and National Communication
V&A Division at the MOE
GHG Inventory Division at the MOE
GHG Mitigation Division at the MOE
National Workshop (Public Consultation)
After addressing Public Comments, the document submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat by the MOE
Indonesia GHG Inventory: 1994Indonesia GHG Inventory: 1994
Sources and Sinks CO2
UptakeCO2
ReleaseCH4 CO N2O NOx
Energy 373,609 674 6Industrial Processes 19,120 1 0Agriculture 3,244 331 53 19LUCF 403,846 559,471 367 3,214 3 91Waste 402TOTAL 403,846 952,200 4,687 3,545 61 110BIOMASS ENERGY 124,417INT. BUNKER 1,684
Sources and Sinks CO2
UptakeCO2
ReleaseCH4 CO N2O NOx
Energy 373,609 674 6Industrial Processes 19,120 1 0Agriculture 3,244 331 53 19LUCF 403,846 559,471 367 3,214 3 91Waste 402TOTAL 403,846 952,200 4,687 3,545 61 110BIOMASS ENERGY 124,417INT. BUNKER 1,684
Source: MOE (1999)
Total Emission by Sector: CO2-eq
LUCF25%
Waste1%
Energy 58%Agric.
13%
Industry3%
Source: MOE (1999)
Sector Emission by GasesCO2
Energy69%
LUCF28%
Industry3%
CH4Waste
9%LUCF
8%Industry
0%
Agric. 13%
Energy 14%
N2O
Agric87%
LUCF4%
Energy9%
Source: MOE (1999)
Improvement of GHG InventoryImprovement of GHG Inventory
• Development of local emission factors are quite intensive for:– Forestry (Mineral soil and Peatland):
• Mainly Aboveground biomass, mean annual increment and land use map
• GHG emissions factors from different land uses and forest floors
– Agriculture• Mainly for rice paddy (Emission factor for methane under
different technologies and crop managements)
– Energy/Industrial and Waste: Almost none
Improvement of GHG InventoryImprovement of GHG Inventory
Priority data domains Importance
Converted forest area per forest type 3
Growth rate of forest and vegetation types (including plantations) 3
Forest typology (biomass-based, floristic, ecology, climatic,administrative)
3
Wood harvest (legal + illegal, half-life time by use) 2.5
Biomass of each forest and vegetation type 2.5
Root biomass per vegetation / land use land cover type 2.2
Wood to biomass expansion factor, allometrics 2.2
Abandoned land: area + growth rate (increment) 1.7
Soil C stock (including organic soils + LU impacts) 1.1
On-site (in situ) burning 0.5
Priority data domains Importance
Converted forest area per forest type 3
Growth rate of forest and vegetation types (including plantations) 3
Forest typology (biomass-based, floristic, ecology, climatic,administrative)
3
Wood harvest (legal + illegal, half-life time by use) 2.5
Biomass of each forest and vegetation type 2.5
Root biomass per vegetation / land use land cover type 2.2
Wood to biomass expansion factor, allometrics 2.2
Abandoned land: area + growth rate (increment) 1.7
Soil C stock (including organic soils + LU impacts) 1.1
On-site (in situ) burning 0.5
Source: ICSEA (2000)
CO2 and CH4 emission from Peatland of South Kalimantan, Indonesia
(a) Upland Crops
050
100150200250300350400450
Dec
-99
Jan-
00
Feb
-00
Mar
-00
Apr
-00
May
-00
Jun-
00
Jul-0
0
Aug
-00
Nov
-00
CO
2 em
issi
on
(m
gC
/m2/
h)
-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6
CH
4 emissio
n (m
gC
/m2/h
)
Upland CO2
Upland CH4
(b) Rice Paddy
050
100150200250300350400450
Dec
-99
Jan-
00
Feb
-00
Mar
-00
Apr
-00
May
-00
Jun-
00
Jul-0
0
Aug
-00
Nov
-00
CO
2 em
issi
on
(m
gC
/m2/
h)
-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6 C
H4 em
ission
(mg
C/m
2/h)
Upland CO2
Upland CH4
(c) Secondary Forest
050
100150200250300350400450
Dec
-99
Jan-
00
Feb
-00
Mar
-00
Apr
-00
May
-00
Jun-
00
Jul-0
0
Aug
-00
Nov
-00
CO
2 em
issi
on
(m
gC
/m2/
h)
-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6 C
H4 em
ission
(mg
C/m
2/h)
Upland CO2
Upland CH4
Source: Hadi et al., 2002
CH4 emission (mgC m-2 h-1)
-0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2
G1G2G3J4J5B6B7B8M9
A10A11A12
• A12: Sec. Forest (. 2m depth)• A11: 2 years rice paddy (1-2 m
depth)• A10: 6 years rice-soybean
rotation (0.2-0.4 m depth)• M9:Sec. Forest (0.2-0.6 m
depth)• B8: Sec. Forest (0.05-0.15 m
depth)• B7:3 years cassava (0.7 m
depth)• B6:3 years paddy (0.4-0.5 m
depth)• J5: Sec. Forest (0.15-0.25 m
depth)• J4:1 year paddy (0.05-0.20 m
depth)• G3: Sec. Forest (1-2 m depth)• G2: Rice paddy-fallow (0.1-0.4
m depth)• G1: Upland-fallow (0.7-1 m
depth)
Source: Hadi et al. 2002)
CO2 emission (mgC m-2 h-1)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
G1G2G3J4J5B6B7B8M9
A10A11A12
Seq. CH4
Concluding Remarks• In the 1st NATCOM, the involvement of related ministries
was very minimum. Universities played dominant role in the preparation of GHG Inventory and NatCom.
• For future development of GHG Inventories and NATCOMs, related ministries will involve directly in the process either by forming working group or designated division for CC:– E.g. Forestry and Energy have developed Working
Group for facilitating the implementation of CDM projects in Indonesia (the mandate of these working group might be expanded)
• Documenting research studies related to development of Emission factors and developing EFDB (can be integrated with existing regional initiatives), GHG mitigations and V&A to Climate Change