Top Banner
Development of Development of Estuarine Biological Indicators Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo Cicchetti, Emily Shumcheni Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo Cicchetti, Emily Shumcheni a, a, Carol Pesch, Henry (Hal) Walker, John Kiddon Carol Pesch, Henry (Hal) Walker, John Kiddon plus EPA and non plus EPA and non EPA partners and contributors including the EPA partners and contributors including the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, EPA Office of Water and Region Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, EPA Office of Water and Region 1, 1, other NEPs, and state contributors other NEPs, and state contributors U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Dev U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Dev elopment elopment National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, A National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, A tlantic Ecology Division tlantic Ecology Division
15

Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

May 30, 2020

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Development ofDevelopment ofEstuarine Biological IndicatorsEstuarine Biological Indicators

Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo Cicchetti, Emily ShumcheniMarguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo Cicchetti, Emily Shumchenia, a, Carol Pesch, Henry (Hal) Walker, John KiddonCarol Pesch, Henry (Hal) Walker, John Kiddon

plus EPA and nonplus EPA and non‐‐EPA partners and contributors including the EPA partners and contributors including the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, EPA Office of Water and RegionNarragansett Bay Estuary Program, EPA Office of Water and Region 1, 1, 

other NEPs, and state contributorsother NEPs, and state contributors

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and DevU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and DevelopmentelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ANational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Divisiontlantic Ecology Division

Page 2: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

. . . many Indicators have been developed and/or measured

Page 3: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Biological Condition Gradient (BCG)

• Improve use ofbioassessment (e.g., acres of eelgrass, high biodiversity/biotic indices) to improve decision making

• Framework to evaluatealteration to biological structure and function along a stressor gradientrelative to a baselinecondition anchor  

• Originally developed for stream communities, but currently being expanded toestuaries, wetlands, large rivers & watersheds

Page 4: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Biological Con

ditio

n

Natural

Degraded

Tier 1

2

3

4

5

Tier 6

Hypothetical303d threshold

(Severely Altered)

Low Level of Stressors High

Historical

Page 5: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Natural structure and function of biotic community maintained

Minimal changes in structure and function

Evident changes in structure and minimal changes in function

Moderate changes in structure and minimal changes in function

Major changes in structure and moderate changes in function

Severe changes in structure and function

Biological Condition Gradient in Estuaries

• Framework  recently extended to estuaries based on workshop held in Narragansett RI in 2008 (Cicchetti & Pryor 2010)

• Explicitly allowed for multiple indicators and multiple scales (single habitat, whole estuary)

• Structure• Function• Condition• Connectivity• Non‐native

• Example indicators• eelgrass extent• benthic invertebrate condition• relative amounts of critical habitat (e.g., habitat mosaics, see Cicchetti &Greening 2011)

Page 6: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Biological Con

ditio

nNatural

Degraded

Historical

Increasing Watershed Development & Population Density

Abundant eelgrassHealthy shellfish communitiesHealthy benthos

Loss of eelgrass and scallop communities

Impacted benthic communities

Increasing Sediment (& Nutrient) ContaminationIncreasing Hypoxia Events

Page 7: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

EG = eelgrass extent

BH = benthic habitat

PS = primaryproductivity  &shellfish

Example BCG for Greenwich Bay

Page 8: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

• Started as a research program to develop the tools necessary to monitor and assess the status and trends of national ecological resources. 

• EMAP‐estuaries (1990 to 1995)• REMAP (regional studies; 1993‐1999)• Mid‐Atlantic  Integrated Assessment (1997‐1998)• National Coastal Assessment (1999‐2006)

• Continued as National Aquatic Resource Surveys• 4 resources sampled on a 5 year rotating basis

• Lakes• Rivers & Streams• Coastal• Wetlands

• Coastal sampled in 2010, & more sampling planned for 2015

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)

Page 9: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

EMAP Virginian Province Benthic IndexBenthic Index =  1.389 * (salinity normalized Gleason’s D ‐ 51.5) / 28.4

‐ 0.651 * (salinity normalized tubificid abundance ‐ 28.2) / 119.5‐ 0.375 * (spionid abundance ‐ 20.0) / 45.4

High diversity sites

Low diversity sitesand/or

High numbers of tubificids (low salinity)High numbers of spionids (higher salinity)

Pearson & Rosenberg 1978

Paul et al. 2001. Ecological Indicators  1:83–99

Page 10: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Long Island Sound

• Open water sites are in generally good condition• Hot spots were evident around New Haven and Bridgeport where the Housatonic River enters Long Island Sound

Page 11: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Narragansett Bay

• Narragansett Bay shows characteristicNorth‐South gradient

• Providence River has poor condition

• Western Greenwich Bay showsimpairment

• Lower Bay generally good

Page 12: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Buzzards Bay

• Bay in generally good condition• Poor conditions seen in New Bedford Harbor and parts of the Westport River

Page 13: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

• Probable Effect Concentration (PEC for Copper > 108 ug/g

• Threshold Effects Concentration  for Copper 18.7  ug/g 

• Narragansett Bay has greatest PEC exceedances for Cu

Northeast NEPs NCA 2000‐2001

Page 14: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Summary

• Estuarine BCG can:• Provide a vocabulary and common language to describe ecosystem conditions

• Allows for better communication (to managers orthe public) on ecological status along with improvement or decline

• Provides a management context to use biological data to achieve water quality goals

• EMAP data can• Provide a useful baseline to anchor future data collection efforts

• Provide consistently collected data over time moving forward

Page 15: Development of Estuarine Biological Indicatorswatershedcounts.org/documents/WatershedCounts_BCG.pdfDevelopment of Estuarine Biological Indicators Marguerite (Peg) Pelletier, Giancarlo

Any Questions?Any Questions?