Ministry of Industry and UNDP Sanur Paradise Plaza Suite Bali, 8 - 9 Januari 2018 Enri Damanhuri [email protected]Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering – ITB Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Seminar Electronic industrial waste management and waste as industrial resources to support reducing releases of PBDEs/UPOPs Development of e-waste management and technology in Indonesia
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Development of e-waste management and technology in Indonesianeo.kemenperin.go.id/files/materi/1.4_ED-Perindust-EEE... · 2018-01-26 · Enri Damanhuri - FTSL ITB - 06122017 Introduction
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Ministry of Industry and UNDPSanur Paradise Plaza Suite
• E-waste is a relatively a new issue in Indonesia. Its physical existence, except used batteries, is not being so real yet, especially within the chain of waste management.
• In some area, particularly in Java, e-waste recovery and handling such as dismantling, segregation of parts, refurbishments of old products and recovery of metals are done by informal sectors. It handles almost 90% of the total waste generated, particularly from household, office, commercial areas, recovering materials and refurbishing products.
• These recyclers use processes and practices such as open burning, acid baths and heating of circuit boards, resulting in emissions and release of toxic elements (included brominated flame retardant) into environment.
• These activities have been in operational for many years, and handling extensively large volumes of e-waste without enough any personal protective equipment and pollution-control devices.
• There is very limited data generated from this sector to understand the relationship between such activity and its impacts on the environment and human health.
• There has been very few information regarding the issue of cross contamination from brominated flame retardants (BFR) in plastic.
• The path flow for e-waste in Indonesia is different from developed countries. In Indonesia, e-waste is not disposed directly to final disposal sites or recycling plants, rather it is reused or deformed to be used again.
• E-waste cycle in Indonesia is unique. The life time of a product becomes longer. The path of e-waste is even more varied because it does not only involve the formal sectors but also the informal sectors.
In developed country we will easy find obsolete TV, PC, refrigerator, or washing machine, but not in Indonesia
In disposal site, practically will be very hard to find such goods. Sometime it can be found as small piece of wire etc., that maybe miss from scavengers attention
The end-of-life of an intact electronic goods can not be predicted easily. It will be longer than developed countries
With the application of “cannibal system” of electronic/electrical components, the end-of-life should be addressed to the elements of any 3E
Significant benefits of flame retardant (in USA):• 1992 – 2001: an average of over 4,200 people were killed
by fires each year in the USA and 25,000 injured. • In 2001 (exclusive of September 11), there were over a half
million structure fires in the U.S. with a total property loss of $10.6 billion.
• PBDEs are added to products rather than chemically bound into them, they can be slowly and continuously released from the products during their manufacture, while in use or after their disposal.
Plastics are used as fuel for ‘dismantling’ process of metal recovery
FormalRecycler
Metal recovery Plastics are mixed with other materials
for co-processing in cement industry
Can we reduce the release the PBDE in ‘old’ e-Waste?Minimize the plastic recycling of these old-eWasteMinimize the burning process practices in informal sectorIntegrate ‘Informal’ and ‘Formal’ sectors in recovery of old-eWaste
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Alternative fuel for co-processing:• Diameter 1-2 cm• Heating value ≥ 2,500 kca/kg
Co-processing in high temperature process will reduce significantly the release of PBDE In the environment
Formalcollector
Enri Damanhuri - FTSL ITB - 06122017
Closing remarks
Electronic equipment, automotive goods and similar equipment have higher economic value status. Those wastes would be rarely available in ‘discarded’ position within urban management chain. In the developed countries the consumers have to spent some money to collect and to handle these wastes. In a country like Indonesia, the same equipment could be reused by another partyIntegration of formal and informal sectors in e-waste handling is necessary, both to increase the economic values of e-waste, and the most important things is to reduce the release of pollution, included that from brominated flame retardant.