Development of Coimbatore Solar City...Development of Coimbatore Solar City – Final Master Plan, August 2012 Page | 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT his Master Plan is an outcome of the Ministry

Development of Coimbatore Solar City – Final Master Plan, August 2012

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Development of Coimbatore Solar City Final Master Plan, August 2012

Supported by

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India, New Delhi

Coimbatore Municipal Corporation


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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AC: Air-conditioner BEE: Bureau of Energy Efficiency CDM: Clean Development Mechanism CDP: City Development Plan CERC: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission CFA: Central Financial Assistance CFL: Compact Fluorescent Light CHP: Combined Heat and Power CNG: Compressed Natural Gas CO2: Carbon Dioxide CPWD: Central Public Works Department CSP: Concentrating Solar Power DG Sets: Diesel Generator Sets DISCOM: Distribution Company DSM: Demand Side Management ECBC: Energy Conservation Building Code eCO2: Equivalent Carbon Dioxide EE: Energy Efficiency ESCo: Energy Service Company FITM: Feed in Tariff Mechanism FTL: Fluorescent Tube Light GDP: Gross Domestic Product GHG: Green House Gases GLS: Global Light Source GRIHA: Green Building Integrated Habitat Assessment HH: House Hold HPSV: High Pressure Sodium Vapour Hrs/day: Hours per Day HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Hz: Hertz ICLEI SA: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives – South Asia IREDA: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency JnNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Kg: Kilogram kHz: Kilo Hertz kL: Kilo litre kL: Kilo Litre kT/yr: Kilo Tons per Year kW: Kilo Watt kWe: Kilo Watt Equivalent kWh: kilo watt-hour kWp: Kilo Watt Peak L: Litre LED: Light Emitting Diode LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LPD: Litres per day


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LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas m/s: Metres per Second M: Metre MNRE: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MSW: Municipal Solid Waste MT: Metric Tons MU: Million Units MW: Mega Watt MWe: Mega Watt Equivalent MWh: Mega Watt-hour MWp: Mega Watt Peak NGO: Non-governmental Organization O&M: Operations and Maintenance PPP: Public-Private Partnership R&D: Research and Development RE: Renewable Energy REC: Renewable Energy Certificate RET: Renewable Energy Technology SCMD: Standard Cubic Meters per Day SCP: Solar Cities Project SERC: State Electricity Regulatory Commission Sft: Square Feet SNA: State Nodal Agency SPV: Solar Photo Voltaic Sqm: Square Metre STP: Sewage Treatment Plant SWH: Solar Water Heater SWM: Solid Waste Management T/yr: Tons per Year T: Ton TeCO2: Tons of Equivalent Carbon Dioxide ULB: Urban Local Body UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change W: Watt Wh: Watt-hour WTP: Water Treatment Plant


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT his Master Plan is an outcome of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s (MNRE’s) Solar City Programme as part of the 11th five year plan. Their initiatives have led to the collaboration of the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation (CMC) and

Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) with ICLEI-South Asia for the preparation of the Solar City Master Plan for Coimbatore city, as part of this Programme. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency and other Government Departments and agencies for providing assistance in primary and secondary data collection in the initial phase of master plan preparation.

The report would have not been possible without the generous support of the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India. We extend our gratitude to the Joint Secretary of MNRE, Tarun Kapoor for his time and advice to make this report better. We specially thank Dr. Bibek Bandyopadyay, Advisor, MNRE and Dr. Arun Kumar Tripathi, Director, MNRE for their valuable advice and guidance during the preparation of this report. We also extend our thanks to the other officers and staff of the MNRE for their consistent support in preparing and finalizing the report.

CONSULTED ORGANISATIONS 1. Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, Coimbatore 2. Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA), Government of Tamil Nadu 3. Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board 4. District Supply Officer (DSO) 5. State Oil Coordinator 6. Hotels and restaurants 7. Small Scale Industries 8. Tourism Department 9. Education Department 10. Department of Health 11. Members of the civil society

TEDA TEAM Sudip Jain, I.A.S., CMD Srinivas Shankar, General Manager Gomathi Singaravelan, Senior Manager / R&D

CMC TEAM Thiru. S.M. Velusamy, Mayor, Coimbatore Municipal Corporation (CMC) T.K. Ponnusamy I.A.S., Commissioner, Coimbatore Municipal Corporation

(CMC) A Lakshmanan, Asst. Commissioner, Central Zone, Coimbatore Municipal

Corporation (CMC)

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MNRE TEAM B. Bandopadhyay, Advisor, MNRE A. K. Tripathi, Scientist “F”, MNRE Hiren Borah, Scientist “B”, MNRE

ICLEI SOUTH ASIA TEAM Emani Kumar Dwipen Boruah Ravi Ranjan Guru C. Sellakrishnan Nagendran Nagarajan Ashish Verma Ali Adil


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he pace of growth and development in India has pushed the demand for energy and resources in parallel. With more than 30% of the total population in India residing in cities, the need to satiate energy requirements of these burgeoning centers of

demand is crucial to sustainable development. The ‘Development of Solar Cities’ programme by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India is aimed at creating self-sustaining cities by leveraging the immense solar potential through renewable energy and several other energy efficiency projects in order to curb conventional energy demand by 10% in the next five years. Envisioned as a roadmap for Indian cities to chart their individual path of sustainable development encompassing formulation of renewable energy and energy efficiency strategies, this Master Plan is developed in support from the MNRE to provide a direction for development of solar cities in India.

The master plan begins with the introductory city profiles which encapsulate the city’s current energy demands and also the municipal Council services which are intrinsic to the city’s growing energy demand.

The 2nd chapter provides the Current Energy Scenario of Coimbatore. Detailed analysis of the trend and pattern of electricity, petrol, diesel, kerosene and LPG consumption has been discussed and thoroughly analyzed to base the strategy development of the city. The main sources of energy in the city are electricity, petrol, diesel, LPG and kerosene.

The 3rd Chapter Energy Demand Forecast of Coimbatore estimates the future conventional energy demand interpolating the past data of energy consumption as well as population growth data. However other key aspects detrimental to energy demand like city economic growth has also been considered for ascertaining the city’s future conventional energy demands.

GOAL FOR YEAR 2016 Studying the historical growth in consumption levels and population growth projections until the year 2021, it has been assessed that the energy consumption in Coimbatore in 2021 can be ascertained under the highest growth scenario as 3832.15 MU.

This gives the city a 10% reduction goal of 383.22 MU.

The success of renewable energy technology projects can only be assured with an accurate resource assessment and its potential in the city. Hence the 4th Chapter Renewable energy and Energy Efficiency Strategies for CMC begins with the resource availability and intensity of renewable energy resources like solar, wind, hydro- and geothermal in the city. This chapter is the most substantial part of the master plan as it delineates the specific strategies for the city. For ease of study, the city has been divided into Residential; Commercial & Institutional; Government & Municipal and Industrial sectors and both renewable energy and energy efficiency initiatives are enlisted within it.

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Based on the estimates and ensuing calculations, a reduction through renewable energy initiatives in the city renders an aggregate reduction of 335.80 MU over five years with a substantial contribution towards this reduction from industrial (49.43%) and residential (24.19%) sectors. The savings in energy brought about by energy efficiency programs is 253.71 MU over the same 5 year period with major contributions from initiatives undertaken in residential (40.04%) and industrial (14.72%) sectors. With targeted projects like installation of solar water heaters and replacement of DG sets with PV systems, the city can potentially achieve the prescribed target well within 5 years.

In addition, budgetary requirements and subsidies available are incorporated in the evaluation of expected investment over the five year period. In conclusion, suggestions and recommendations, as per discussions in stakeholder meeting with the city are also outlined. The table below summarizes the year wise energy savings goal with RE and EE strategies in different sectors:

RE and EE Strategy for Coimbatore City

Energy Savings target over 5 years period of implementation

Total Energy Savings (MU)

% of savings target

to achieve

Emission reduction

/ year

1st Y

ear

2nd

year

C

umul

ativ

e

3rd

year

C

umul

ativ

e

4th

year

C

umul

ativ

e

5th

year

C

umul

ativ

e RE for Residential Sector

9.27 23.18 41.72 64.90 92.72 92.72 24.19% 63892

RE for Commercial & Inst. Sector

4.41 11.03 19.85 30.88 44.11 44.11 11.51% 37496

RE for Industrial Sector

18.94 47.36 85.25 132.61 189.44 189.44 49.43% 161021

RE for Municipal Sector

0.95 2.38 4.29 6.67 9.53 9.53 2.49% 8051

Total for RE strategy 33.58 83.95 151.11 235.06 335.80 335.80 87.63% 270461 EE for Residential Sector

15.34 38.36 69.04 107.40 153.43 153.43 40.04% 124280

EE for Commercial Sector

2.82 7.04 12.68 19.72 28.18 28.18 7.35% 22822

EE for Industrial Sector

5.64 14.10 25.38 39.48 56.39 56.39 14.72% 45679

EE for Municipal Sector

1.57 3.93 7.07 11.00 15.71 15.71 4.10% 11651

Total for EE Strategy 25.37 63.43 114.17 177.60 253.71 253.71 66.20% 204432 RE and EE Combined Strategy

58.95 147.38 265.28 412.66 589.51 589.51 474893

12% 31% 55% 86% 122% 122% FINANCIAL OUTLAY The total indicative budget for development of Coimbatore as Solar City is estimated at Rs. 1445.30 crore which will be invested over the 5 years of implementation period of solar city development programme. The total budget will be shared by the state government/ City authority, MNRE and the private users. The budget for implementation of RE strategy and EE strategy is estimated at Rs. 953.85 crore and Rs. 491.46 crore respectively. While budget for RE strategy will be shared among MNRE, state/city and private users, private investors and state government will primarily drive EE activities.


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Year 1 (Crore)

Year 2 (Crore)

Year 3 (Crore)

Year 4 (Crore)

Year 5 (Crore)

Total (Crore)

State / City Share 9.03 13.55 18.07 22.58 27.10 90.33 MNRE Share 30.59 45.81 61.04 76.27 91.52 305.23 Private Share 104.97 157.46 209.95 262.44 314.92 1049.75 Total Budget 144.59 216.83 289.06 361.29 433.54 1445.30

GUIDEBOOK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CITY The “Guidebook for development of Solar City” is an integral part of the Master Plan. The guidebook provides generic information about general energy scenario, renewable energy scenario and energy efficiency initiatives in India, evolution of solar city concept, international solar city initiatives and local renewable network in its first two chapters. The third chapter describes the solar city programme in India and its objectives, targets and guidelines. Indicative renewable energy devices and energy efficiency measures are described in chapter 4 & 5. Financial models have been suggested in the 6th Chapter Financial Schemes and Business Models to enable the city to implement the strategies listed here. The implementation phase under this programme will be the key indicator to determine the level of success for this MNRE programme. The 6th Chapter cites numerous schemes available in India as well as various business models which can be emulated for successful implementation of RE & EE projects.

Not only financing but capacity building and awareness generation go hand in hand to ensure sustainability of the MNRE programme. All activities from developing a “Solar City Cell” to workshops and training have been discussed in the 7th Chapter Implementation Strategy for Solar City Programme.

8th Chapter Risk Analysis describes the risks involved in developing renewable energy projects in the Indian context and suggests mitigation methods for the cities. A generic approach has been taken to provide the preventive measures however risks are city-specific and requires intrinsic detailing for individual projects.

The master plan provides a framework to compare and analyze alternative strategies and policies, in order to facilitate Council’s review and the decision-making process. Achieving significant reduction in energy consumption requires collective effort by all City departments, other government departments, businesses, industries and citizens. The City needs to become a bolder leader in its policies, planning, programs, advocacy and its own operations – there is a tremendous opportunity and need to demonstrate Community Leadership. The investigation showed that the biggest energy saving potential is in the residential sector and most significant RE potential is for solar energy projects. It is the responsibility of leaders in all tiers of government, commerce, industry and civil society to promote action towards more efficient and renewable energy use.


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Table of Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgement…………… ....................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary………….. ...................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1……………………… ................................................................................................... 15

1. Coimbatore City Profile ...................................................................................................... 15 1.1. General ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.2. Location ...................................................................................................................... 16 1.3. Area ............................................................................................................................ 17 1.4. Population .................................................................................................................. 17 1.5. Culture ........................................................................................................................ 17 1.6. Administrative Set up ................................................................................................. 18

1.6.1. Water Supply ...................................................................................................... 18 1.6.2. Waste Management Services ............................................................................. 19 1.6.3. Street lighting ..................................................................................................... 20 1.6.4. Roads and Transportation .................................................................................. 20 1.6.5. Public Health ....................................................................................................... 21

1.7. Weather and Geography ............................................................................................ 21 1.7.1. Temperature profile ........................................................................................... 21 1.7.2. Rainfall ................................................................................................................ 22 1.7.3. Soil Type and Topography .................................................................................. 23

1.8. Economy ..................................................................................................................... 23 1.9. Main Economic Activities ........................................................................................... 24 1.10. Economy in Per Capita terms ...................................................................................... 24 1.11. Municipal Corporation Revenue and Sources of Income ........................................... 25 1.12. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Initiatives .................................................. 25 1.13. Developing Coimbatore as ‘Solar City’ ........................................................................ 27

1.13.1. Preparation of Master Plan for ‘Coimbatore Solar City’ .................................... 27 Chapter 2………………………. .................................................................................................. 29

2. Energy Baseline Status of Coimbatore City ........................................................................ 29 2.1. Energy Consumption Pattern ..................................................................................... 29

2.1.1. Electricity Consumption ..................................................................................... 30 2.1.2. Fuel Consumption ............................................................................................... 31

2.2. Sectorwise Survey Data Analysis ................................................................................ 34 2.2.1. Residential Sector ............................................................................................... 34 2.2.2. Commercial Sector ............................................................................................. 35 2.2.3. Industrial Sector ................................................................................................. 36 2.2.4. Municipal & Government Sector ........................................................................ 37

2.3. GHG Emissions profile of Coimbatore ............................................................................ 37 Chapter 3……………………… ................................................................................................... 42

3. Energy Demand Forecast for Coimbatore .......................................................................... 42 3.1. Forecasting Based on Population Growth .................................................................. 42 3.2. Forecasting Based on Past Data ................................................................................. 43 3.3. Goal for the year 2016 ................................................................................................ 44

Chapter 4……………………….. ................................................................................................. 45 4. Renewable Energy Strategies for Coimbatore ................................................................... 45

4.1. Renewable Energy Resource Assessment .................................................................. 47 4.1.1. Solar Radiation.................................................................................................... 47


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4.1.2. Wind Energy Potential ........................................................................................ 47 4.1.3. Waste generation ............................................................................................... 49 4.1.4. Liquid Waste from Sewage Treatment Plant ...................................................... 50 4.1.5. Biomass Resources ............................................................................................. 50

4.2. RE Strategy for Residential sector .............................................................................. 50 4.3. RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector ................................................. 56

4.3.1. RE Strategy for Hospitality Sector ...................................................................... 56 4.3.2. Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants ...................................................... 57 4.3.3. Renewable Energy Systems for Health care Sector ............................................ 58 4.3.4. Renewable Energy Systems for Educational Institutes ...................................... 58

4.4. RE Strategy for Industrial Sector ................................................................................ 60 4.4.1. RE Strategy for Government and Municipal Sector ........................................... 61 4.4.2. Introducing Green Building features in new buildings ....................................... 63

4.5. Waste to Energy Potential in Coimbatore .................................................................. 66 4.6. Technical Specification of renewable energy products .............................................. 68 4.7. Wind Energy Potential in Coimbatore ........................................................................ 69

4.7.1. Sites classification ............................................................................................... 69 4.8. Research and Development Focus for Renewable Energy Technologies ................... 70

Chapter 5…………………………. .............................................................................................. 72 5. Energy Efficiency Strategies for Coimbatore ...................................................................... 72

5.1. EE Strategy for Residential sector .............................................................................. 73 5.2. EE Strategy for Government and Municipal Sector .................................................... 76

5.2.1. EE measures in Street Lighting ........................................................................... 77 5.2.2. Energy Efficiency Measures in Water Pumping .................................................. 80 5.2.3. Energy Efficiency measures in Sewerage plants ................................................. 81

5.3. EE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector ................................................. 82 5.4. EE Strategy for Industrial Sector ................................................................................. 85

1. Chapter 6…………………. ............................................................................................. 91 6. Action Plan and Budget ...................................................................................................... 91

6.1. Year-wise Goals of Energy Savings ............................................................................. 91 6.2. Physical Target and Action Plan.................................................................................. 92 6.3. Implementation Strategy............................................................................................ 93

6.3.1. Establishment of the Solar City Cell .................................................................... 93 6.3.2. Awareness and Publicity ..................................................................................... 93 6.3.3. Implementation of RE Strategy .......................................................................... 94 6.3.4. Renewable Energy Pilot Projects ........................................................................ 96

6.4. Financial outlays and sharing of fund ......................................................................... 99 6.5. Various funding mechanisms for the projects.......................................................... 102

6.5.1. Grants/finance from central government, state government or international agencies 102 6.5.2. Self financing – recovery of investment through tax (Municipal Corporation) or tariffs (DISCOM) ................................................................................................................ 102 6.5.3. Project Finance, lease finance and other sources ............................................ 102 6.5.4. ESCO Financing ................................................................................................. 103 6.5.5. Supportive financing options available to Solar Cities Projects ....................... 103 6.5.6. Business Models for Solar Cities Projects ......................................................... 103 6.5.7. Types of Models ............................................................................................... 103

6.6. Potential Carbon Market Benefit ............................................................................. 103 6.7. Potential Benefit for Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism .................. 104


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List of Tables

Table 1: Energy Consumption Profile of Coimbatore, 2010-11 ........................................ 29Table 2: Electricity Consumption in various sectors ......................................................... 30Table 3: Fuel Consumption in Coimbatore City ............................................................... 31Table 4: Petrol Consumption in various sectors ................................................................ 32Table 5: Diesel Consumption in various sectors ............................................................... 32Table 6: Kerosene Consumption in Coimbatore City, 2010-11 ........................................ 32Table 7: Trend of Kerosene Consumption in Coimbatore city .......................................... 33Table 8: LPG Consumption in various sectors in Coimbatore City .................................. 33Table 9: Type of buildings in the residential sector .......................................................... 34Table 10: Summary of appliances usage in residential sector ............................................. 34Table 11: Commerical establishment as per connected electrical load ............................... 35Table 12: Energy Usage Pattern in Commercial/Institutional Sector .................................. 35Table 13: Type of Industries in Coimbatore ........................................................................ 36Table 14: Industries as per connected electrical load .......................................................... 36Table 15: Energy Consumption Pattern in Industrial Sector Buildings ............................... 36Table 16: Summary of Municipal Sector ............................................................................ 37Table 17: Trend of Population growth and forecasting ....................................................... 42Table 18: Energy Demand Forecasting based on population growth .................................. 42Table 19: Energy Demand based on Historical Data ........................................................... 43Table 20: Monthly Averaged Insulation (kWh/m2/day) incident on a

horizontal surface in Coimbatore ........................................................................ 47Table 21: Designated wind sites near Coimbatore city ....................................................... 48Table 22: Wind speed data .................................................................................................. 48Table 23: Comparison of wind speed data .......................................................................... 49Table 24: Potential for SWHs installation in Coimbatore City ........................................... 50Table 25: Introducing solar cooker in Coimbatore City ...................................................... 51Table 26: Introducing solar lanterns in Coimbatore City .................................................... 52Table 27: Introducing solar home system in Coimbatore City ............................................ 53Table 28: Target for introducing Solar PV for Home Inverters in Coimbatore City .......... 53Table 29: Target for replacement DG/Kerosene Generator sets

with Solar PV units for Coimbatore City ............................................................ 54Table 30: RE system for residential apartments .................................................................. 55Table 31: Recommended Renewable Energy Systems for Hotels ...................................... 57Table 32: Recommended Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants .............................. 57Table 33: Recommended Renewable Energy Systems for Health Care Sector ................. 58Table 34: RE Strategy for Educational sector in Coimbatore City ..................................... 59Table 35: Summary of RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector ................... 59Table 36: Summary of RE Strategy for Industrial Sector .................................................... 60Table 37: RE System for Outdoors lighting (Streets, Traffic, Road safety etc.) ................ 61Table 38: RE Strategy for Municipal and Government Building Sector ............................. 62Table 39: Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal and Government Building Sector ....... 62Table 40: Waste to Energy through thermo-chemical conversion ...................................... 66Table 41: Waste to Energy through bio-methanation .......................................................... 67Table 42: Liquid Waste to Energy Potential from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) ........... 67


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Table 43: Sites recommended for medium size wind turbines ............................................ 69Table 44: Sites recommended for small size turbines ......................................................... 70Table 45: Sites recommended for large wind turbines ........................................................ 70Table 46: Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent ......................................... 73Table 47: T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+

Magnetic Ballast .................................................................................................. 74Table 48: Efficient Ceiling Fans to Replace Conventional Ceiling Fans ............................ 74Table 49: Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs ............. 74Table 50: Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators . 75Table 51: Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps ..... 75Table 52: Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector ................................................... 76Table 53: Replacing 250 W HPSV with 200W Induction lamps ........................................ 77Table 54: Replacing 150 & 125 W HPSV with 100 W Induction lamps ............................ 77Table 55: Power saver for HPSV streetlights ...................................................................... 78Table 56: Power saver for MHL fittings ............................................................................. 79Table 57: Power saver for CFLs .......................................................................................... 79Table 58: Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads) 80Table 59: Variable Speed Drivers ....................................................................................... 81Table 60: Power saver installation in pump house .............................................................. 81Table 61: Variable speed drives .......................................................................................... 81Table 62: Power saver installation in pump house .............................................................. 82Table 63: Summary of EE Strategy for Government and municipal sector ....................... 82Table 64: Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent ......................................... 83Table 65: Replace T12/T8 tube light by T5 tube light ........................................................ 83Table 66: Replacement of Conventional Fans ..................................................................... 83Table 67: Replacement of Air conditioners with star rated ones ......................................... 84Table 68: Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators . 84Table 69: Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps ..... 85Table 70: Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial and Institutional Sector ..................... 85Table 71: Replacement of incandescent with CFLs in Industrial sector ............................. 86Table 72: Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights ..................................................................... 86Table 73: Replacement of conventional fans by EE star rated fans .................................... 86Table 74: Replacement of Air conditioners with star rated ones ......................................... 87Table 75: Thermal Energy Conservation strategies ............................................................. 88Table 76: Summary of EE Strategy for Industrial Sector .................................................... 90Table 77: Energy savings goal over 5 years solar city implementation period .................. 91Table 78: Physical target of RE systems ............................................................................. 92Table 79: Physical target of EE devices .............................................................................. 92Table 80: Pilot Projects in Residential Sector ..................................................................... 96Table 81: Pilot Projects in Commercial Sector ................................................................... 97Table 82: Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector ........................................................................ 98Table 83: Pilot Projects in Government and Municipal Sector ........................................... 98Table 84: Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication .................... 99Table 85: Sector wise annual budget and sharing of expenses for

development of Coimbatore Solar City ............................................................... 99Table 86: Summary of budget and sharing of expenses .................................................... 100


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Table 87: Potential Carbon Market Benefit ....................................................................... 103Table 88: REC Price Range: 2012‐2017 ........................................................................... 104

List of Figures

Figure 1: Energy Consumption Profile of Coimbatore City ............................................... 30Figure 2: Electricity Consumption in various sectors in Coimbatore, 2010-11 ................. 31Figure 3: Trend of Petrol and Diesel Consumption in Coimbatore .................................... 32Figure 4: Pattern of LPG Consumption amongst various sectors, 2010-11 ....................... 33Figure 5: Trend of LPG Consumption in various sectors ................................................... 34Figure 6: Type of commercial establishments in Coimbatore City .................................... 35Figure 7: Classification of Industries in Coimbatore City .................................................. 36Figure 8: Trend of population growth and forecasting for 2016 & 2021 ............................ 42Figure 9: Forecasted Energy Demand based on population Growth .................................. 43Figure 10: Forecasted Energy Demand based on Historical Data ........................................ 44Figure 11: Annual Solar Radiation Profile of Coimbatore ................................................... 47Figure 12: Sharing of total budget for development of solar city Coimbatore .................. 100Figure 13: Sharing of RE Strategy Budget for Coimbatore Solar City ............................ 101Figure 14: Sharing of EE Strategy Budget for Coimbatore Solar City .............................. 101Figure 15: Year wise sharing of budget for Coimbatore Solar City Programme ............... 102


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CHAPTER 1 1. Coimbatore City Profile

1.1. General Also known as Kovai, Coimbatore is regarded as the Manchester of South India owing to its significance as an important industrial city second only to the capital city Chennai. Situated to the west of the state, Coimbatore forms a focal point located conveniently for the cities of Chennai, Bangalore and Kochi. Its vicinity to the famous hill station Ooty also makes it a popular destination visited by many. The region historically having exchanged control through struggle among various kingdoms like Chalukyas, Pandya and Cholas found its way eventually into British control in 1799 soon after the fall of Tippu Sultan. After several territorial and administrative reorganizations, Coimbatore was aligned with the state of Tamil Nadu upon independence.

Traditionally famous for its cotton textile industry, Coimbatore has emerged as a resurging entrepreneurial city in the heart of South India. Encouraged by the allocation of lucrative incentives for development of IT parks and IT SEZs, the state government has successfully evinced the interest of national and international developers. The thriving talent pool of graduates from its universities and several engineering colleges, Coimbatore has attracted growth and furthered its economic standing in the state. A vast human resource and a conducive business atmosphere has enabled multinational companies like TCS, Spheris, Bosch to set shop in Coimbatore adding to its profile of successful businesses in addition to the flourishing textile and automobile industry.


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1.2. Location

Coimbatore forms a focal point for Chennai, Bangalore and Kochi in southern India. Located to the west of Tamil Nadu bordering with the neighboring state of Kerala, Coimbatore acts as an entry and exit point for Udhgamandalam or Ooty, a world famous tourist destination visited all year round. The city is located at 11° N lat and 76° E long and is 411.2 meters above the sea-level.


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1.3. Area

The extent of Coimbatore city until recently was limited to 105.6 square km when it consisted of 72 administrative wards. In 2011 July, the city precincts were reorganized by downsizing the wards and adding adjacent administrative areas from neighboring regions. The city now comprises of 100 wards and a regional extent or area of about 257 square km.

1.4. Population1

According to the 2001 census finding, Coimbatore within its previous jurisdictional boundaries had a population of 9, 30,882. Based on the 2011 census finding; the city had a population of 2,151,466. The city registered a decadal growth rate of 15.51% in 2001. Until 2011, the average decadal growth rate has been calculated as 56.54% and annual growth rate was 5.7%. Also, according to 2011 census, the sex ratio in Coimbatore city has been estimated at 996 and the literacy rate which is among the highest in the country is 89.23%.

1.5. Culture Coimbatore is regarded as a traditional yet cosmopolitan city. People of Coimbatore identify with various cultural backgrounds owing to the plethora of influences the region has had during its history. Being an educational and employment hub, the economic

1 Census of India 2011-Tamil Nadu provisional population tables


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prosperity of the city attracts people from neighboring regions in hope of a prosperous future.

Still grounded to their traditional roots, people of Coimbatore have embraced a modern outlook that has transpired as a factor of growth and evolution from traditional cotton mill based industries to a renowned textile and manufacturing hub that it is today. Increase in international conglomerates like TCS and Bosch has increased the awareness and brought financial health to the region impacting beyond the city limits.

Art, dance and music festivals are a regular occurrence where people relive their cultural identities and traditions. Famous for its temples that are unsparingly scattered all over the city as a healthy contrast to the churches, mosques, gurudwaras and Jain temples, Coimbatore represents a truly multi-religious and multi-cultural cosmopolitan city flourishing on the basis of its triumphant entrepreneurial spirit that has made its economy second only to Chennai within the state of Tamil Nadu.

1.6. Administrative Set up Upgraded from the position of a municipality, Coimbatore Municipal Corporation formed in 1981 is in charge of the administration of the city services. The Corporation is headed by Mayor S.M. Velusamy, elected directly by the citizens of the city while its duties are executed by the Commissioner T.K. Ponnusamy who presides over Senior Officers in charge of different departments of the Corporation like Administration, Engineering, Public Health, Accounts, Planning and Revenue.

The city Corporation has envisaged improving service levels and providing better quality of life for the citizens of Coimbatore city under the auspices of JNNURM scheme. The Corporation undertakes establishment and maintenance of basic civic services like water supply, street lighting, sewage and sanitation, maintenance of roads and discharge of development activities in the city. Following is a brief account of the efforts towards these maintenance and development activities by the Corporation.

1.6.1. Water Supply Despite a generous downpour during the Monsoon season, Coimbatore is short on supply of water. Currently water supply schemes like Siruvani, Pilloor and Athikadavu help the city against water shortages but are not enough. The increase in population under the Corporation limits due to the territorial reorganization in July has resulted in increased demand for water. As per the norms based on the city’s population set by the GoI, Coimbatore’s Corporation is required to provide 135 liters per capita per day (lpcd) to the citizens within the city limits whereas the current capacity despite the schemes in place is 110 lpcd2

2 Coimbatore Corporation plans major water supply projects- http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2391008.ece

giving rise to a sharp deficit of 25 lpcd which gets aggravated especially during summer months before arrival of Monsoon rains.


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Growing demand and deficit has recently resulted in a proposal to dig in a second tunnel in the Periyakombai hill to convey Pilloor water under this scheme. If implemented, the tunnel which would be the same length as the first-3.85 km- will be able to carry water equaling 265 million liters per day (MLD) which will be about 130 lpcd. Due to a foreseeable rise in demand for water in the future in Coimbatore, the water capacity from the Pilloor dam will have to be increased. This proposed second tunnel will be able to sustain the expected increase in water capacity and will hope to satiate the current and future demand for water in Coimbatore city.

According to the goals in terms of service delivery outlined in the City Development Report, the Corporation hopes to achieve 90% water supply cover for general households by 2011 and 100% by 2016. Additionally, 10% 24/7 water supply in 2011 will be increased to 40% by 2016 and 90% by 20263

1.6.2. Waste Management Services

.

(i) Solid Waste Coimbatore city currently has four waste transfer stations, more than 3000 sanitary workers and about 655 acres of land being utilized for waste disposal. Each of the four transfer stations at locations such as Peelemedu, Sathy road, Ukkadam and Ondipudur have a total design capacity of 650 tons per day (TPD) but are currently handling just about 30% of this capacity. This capacity will suffice for not just the current quantity of waste generated in the city which is about 635 TPD but also the anticipated increase in the future.

Vellaluru landfill area: A new compost yard at Vellaluru that began operations in 2010 is currently operating below its optimal capacity and expected to increase waste segregation in the next couple of years. The compost yard is spread over an area of 14.34 acres and manufactures RDF for use as fertilizers in agro based industries4. The Corporation aims to increase door-to-door collection, automate waste handling and ensure scientific disposal of the collected waste by 2016. In the long run, there are hopes that waste to energy generation will also be incorporated into the solid waste management initiatives of the Corporation5

3 Coimbatore City Development Plan (page 4)

. The Corporation also maintains biomass gasifier based crematorium at Nanjundapuram Road in the south zone of the

4 Solid Waste Management Project Launched-http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-25/coimbatore/30662797_1_integrated-solid-waste-management-transfer-station-second-phase

5 One more transit station ready-http://www.tniusnews.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=48&Itemid=81


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Coimbatore Corporation. Wood used as solid fuel will power the burners and adequate smoke prevention measures are ensured.

(ii) Sewerage A Sewer Treatment Plant at Ukkadam caters to the city’s sewer management system. The STP designed for 70 MLD is expected to cover the city’s demand for the next 15 years6. Operationalised in 2011, Ukkadam STP that currently operates at about 29% of its capacity is expected to operate at its optimal treatment rate by 2016 as the Corporation aims to completely enable the sewerage network for general households. The network cover for slums which are about 173 in number will be 60% by this year and 100% by 20167

1.6.3. Street lighting

.

In 2010, the Coimbatore’s streets were lit by about 34,000 street lights consuming about 10 million kWh annually. The Corporation’s energy conservancy measures that resulted in replacement of incandescent bulbs to LED enabled street lights brought about 12% reduction in energy consumption charges to the Corporation. A similar conservancy measure by dimming of street lights late in the night and switching of alternate lights helped save 40 lakh units until 2011 and a further 86 lakh this year8. With new areas added under the Corporation’s control, more such measures are anticipated to the street lighting system in these regions. With 80% of such measures already completed, the Corporation aims to accomplish 100% energy saving measures in its street lighting systems by 20169

1.6.4. Roads and Transportation

.

Coimbatore city is internally well connected through the large network of roads maintained by the Corporation. The NH 47 runs through its center and the extent of the road network is 635.52 km. Plans to increase this length are underway through investments being made towards road widening works, increasing the number of lanes and improving road quality10. The Corporation has a fairly efficient road network covering 8 km/sq.km of the city which it plans to increase to 10 km/sq.km by 2016 and further to 15 km/sq.km by 2026. The road network is aimed to be managed better to decrease the average travel time11

6 Sewerage Treatment plant inqugurated-http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/02/stories/2011030262880300.htm

.


8 Corporation’s power conservancy measures yield dividends- http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/article2720112.ece


10 Rs.10 Crore for road development- http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/article2683790.ece



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1.6.5. Public Health Ensuring public health in the community, the Coimbatore city Corporation maintains 16 dispensaries, 2 maternity hospitals and 20 urban health posts which cater through qualified doctors, nurses and paramedical staff. In addition, the city has more than 850 private hospitals, dispensaries across the city. In addition, the Corporation puts efforts to ensure low cases of avoidable diseases like malaria and water-borne infections through awareness campaigns and provision of safe drinking water at public places. The city is plagued by mosquito-borne diseases like Chikungunya and dengue especially during and immediately after the monsoon season and mostly due to disregard of the advice rendered by public health officials.

In addition to a fairly efficient road network, Coimbatore’s Municipal Corporation which aims to increase the length of its roads already has an airport and a well established rail network running through the city, increasing its visibility and connectivity.

Located towards the east of the city, the Airport has managed to register a record growth in the last few years according to Airport Authority of India (AAI). From FY07 to FY08, the airport managed to increase its revenue by 31%12. Already catering to three international destinations, the airport expansion plans are already underway to increase its international and domestic connectivity. An estimated 400 crore INR will be invested by AAI towards the airports’ expansion which will increase the already burgeoning presence of large national and international companies in the city13

The rail network connects Coimbatore city with other major cities and towns in southern India like Chennai, Bangalore, and Trivandrum etc. The city has a well established network of meter and broad gauge offering intercity and statewide connectivity.

.

1.7. Weather and Geography

1.7.1. Temperature profile Since Coimbatore is situated in the midst of the Nilgiri biosphere and the mountain ranges of Annamalai and Munnar, the city experiences a characteristically salubrious climate where the typically harsh temperatures are abated by the gentle wind from the 25 km Palakad or Palaghat pass towards the west of the city.

The city is surrounded by the Western Ghats on its North and North West and by the dense Nilgiri forest reserve on its North. Spread on the northern banks of River Noyyal, the typical temperature range of 18° C minimum and 35°C maximum.

12 Coimbatore an emerging real estate destination by Jones Lang LaSalle Meghraj Real Estate Consultants

13 Coimbatore set for facelift- http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/iw/2011/01/30/stories/2011013050361300.htm


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Source: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Coimbatore-weather-averages/Tamil-Nadu/IN.aspx

1.7.2. Rainfall Coimbatore typically receives 600mm to 700mm of average annual rainfall. The presence of the Palaghat pass enables the elevated parts to receive rains of the South-West monsoon and soon after the main monsoon hits the city during the months of October and November which are the wettest months during a year. The graph below indicated the typical barometer reading on specific days of the months.

http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Coimbatore-weather-averages/Tamil-Nadu/IN.aspx�


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Source: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Coimbatore-weather-averages/Tamil-Nadu/IN.aspx

1.7.3. Soil Type and Topography Coimbatore is a region rich in soil fertility that has helped build the foundation of the cotton textile industry through cotton farming. The region is rich in black cotton soil which extends to considerably large depths only in certain pockets whereas it extends to shallow depths followed by other stratum of soils in most regions of the city.

The soil fertility has made agriculture thrive since long in the vicinity of the city. Major cereals and pulses like Millets, Jowar, Bengal gram, and Horse gram are cultivated in addition to sugarcane, cotton, coconut and groundnut. A total area of 3319.32 square km is dedicated as cultivable land.

The surface topography is mainly flat and undulating at the slopes especially for the elevated regions lying to the North and North West of the city. Scattered around with water bodies like Narsapathi lake, Perur lake and the Singnallur lake which is especially famous for spot-billed Pelicans, the topography of the city and its vicinity to the Western Ghats and Nilgiris make it a conducive region where a variety of flora and fauna thrive.

1.8. Economy Coimbatore, as one of the most important industrial cities of southern India, has evolved into a manufacturing hub featuring not just textile mills, which it is famous for, but also a diverse assortment of industries ranging from auto component based to agro based and in recent years IT based. Contributing heavily to the GDP of Tamil Nadu which holds the position of the fourth largest state economy in the country, Coimbatore has become a strategically important city for Tamil Nadu in terms of economic and industrial

http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Coimbatore-weather-averages/Tamil-Nadu/IN.aspx�


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development which has largely been attributed to the innovative and technical skills of artisans, technocrats and industrialists of the city.

1.9. Main Economic Activities The city in total has more than 50,000 small, medium and large industries14. Cotton textile manufacturing related enterprises (textile mills and looms) constitute 75% of the industrial composition in Coimbatore. The city contributed $700 million in revenue through foreign exchange through export of products such as bed linen, kitchen linens etc15

As a repercussion, textile machinery and automobile engineering industries have spawned ubiquitously across the city. The city has now started deriving its economic prosperity from IT related enterprises which are gradually increasing their share in the city’s economic profile. Out the 6 notified SEZs in the district, 5 have been earmarked for IT/ITES sector indicating the investment efforts underway in this direction

.

16

Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Coimbatore grew by 20% to 25% in 2010. A recent assessment indicated that SMEs which contributed to 17% to the Indian GDP were slated to increase their contribution to 22% by 2020

.

17

The Coimbatore Industrial Infrastructure Association has also invested in improving the pump, motor and foundry industry clusters located in the city which were established as early as 1950 and are one of the biggest industrial clusters in the country. The pump, motor and foundry clusters in Coimbatore achieved phenomenal growth after the liberalization policy was instated in the 90s leading to urbanization and industrialization

. The Cottage and Handloom industry in Coimbatore, which include both demand and resource based small scale industries have been revived to overcome power and labor shortages.

18

1.10. Economy in Per Capita terms

. Since then, the production base of pumps has not just been developed to contribute to an increase in local manufacturing expertise but also increase in the product range like Centrifugal pumps, Reciprocating pumps, Jet pumps, Gera pumps, Process pumps, Submersible pumps etc.

Coimbatore’s contribution to the state GDP in 2008 was 7% with a value of INR11702.8 Crore. The city registered a per capita GDP value of INR 65,00019


.

15 National Information Center-Coimbatore district

16 National Information Center-Coimbatore district

17 Entrepreneurship should flourish-http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/article2662260.ece

18 Coimbatore industries on a growth mode-http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/article1453199.ece



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The GSDP for Tamil Nadu in last financial year was USD 97.970 billion which has been estimated at about 7.5% of the national GDP. Coimbatore’s GDP could be roughly estimated at 720% of the state GDP. Thereby Coimbatore’s GDP contributed roughly 0.53% to the national GDP value21

1.11. Municipal Corporation Revenue and Sources of Income

.

Coimbatore Municipal Corporation procures funds for its activities as described above through various financial mechanisms which can be broadly classified into three types as: revenue generated from own sources (tax and non-tax), assigned revenue and revenue grants.

Typically, almost 50% -55% revenue generated by the Corporation is from its own sources which include tax revenue and non-tax sources. Tax revenue is sourced majorly from Property tax which is paid against Corporation services like Lighting, Waste scavenging and Education tax excluding water and drainage tax. The non-tax sources constitute the funds raised from fees and fines, income from the ULB’s properties and licenses. Tax revenue is estimated to cover 30%-34% and 20%-22% is raised from non-tax sources towards the total corporation revenue.

The share of taxes levied and collected by the State government like Entertainment tax, Surcharges etc constitute as income to the Corporation under assigned revenue and typically is 25%-30% of the total Corporation revenue.

The balance 20%-25% of total revenue of the Corporation is covered under revenue grants which are offered in the form of aid grants and grants for facilitation of basic civic services like roads, buildings, child and public welfare etc from the State government. The revenue procured under this head can be ad-hoc in nature and riddled with customary delays due to their processing at the source.

1.12. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Initiatives City level Action RE & EE Initiatives Results/ Impact Corporation Initiatives in Association with ICLEI-SA under Local Renewables and Urban Climate Project

City wide Energy consumption assessment in different sectors

Overview of the energy status and identification of actionable initiatives

Tube well energy audit for 700 tube wells

Reduction of 1 to 5 tCO2e per tube well

Installation of 3.50kW Wind Solar Hybrid system on Mettupalayam bus terminal

Generation of 4200 kWh per year with approx. reduction of 3360 kg CO2 emissions per year

CMC partnered with a local ESCO implanting energy efficiency projects on street lighting system by using

30% energy saving is reported. An amount of Rs.40 lakh during 2010 and Rs.86 lakh during 2011 saved


21 State-wise nominal GDP in 2011- http://unidow.com/india%20home%20eng/statewise_gdp.html


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City level Action RE & EE Initiatives Results/ Impact automatic timers and dimmer equipments and electronic meters Switching over to efficient T5 fluorescent light fittings and CFLs in the Mettupalayam Bus stand

Estimated savings of around INR 444,000 annually and saving of 136,000 kWh per year

560Wp SPV pack on Corporation premises

Saving of approximately 900 kWh of electricity reducing 720 kg of CO2 annually

Other Initiatives of Coimbatore Municipal Corporation

Biomass gasifier based crematorium at Nanjundapuram Road in the south zone of the Coimbatore Corporation.

Wood used as solid fuel will power the burners and adequate smoke prevention measures are ensured.

Solid waste compost yard at Vellaluru to process solid waste produce RDF.

The compost yard is spread over an area of 14.34 acres and manufactures RDF for use as fertilizers in agro based industries.

TEDA Initiatives TEDA subsidized SWH, SPV and solar thermal installations at residential, commercial premises. About 88% of SWH installations by TEDA have been the residential sector and the rest are on commercial and institutional establishments. There is one TEDA sponsored SPV system in Coimbatore and one Hybrid system.

These initiatives have fractionally increased domestic self-reliance and have provided a strong case for domestic biogas installations. Under its various initiatives, SWH and SPV systems have been installed and their current capacity is more than 50000 LPD under TEDA sponsored initiatives in Coimbatore.

RE Models on display in Coimbatore

Resource center Solar PV installation on the roof of the

Coimbatore Municipal Building


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Incandescent bulbs replaced with LED lights Tube well audit in progress

1.13. Developing Coimbatore as ‘Solar City’ The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India has launched a Scheme on “Development of Solar Cities” under which a total of 60 cities/towns are proposed to be supported for development as “Solar/ Green Cities” during the 11th Plan period. The program aims at minimum 10% reduction in projected demand of conventional energy at the end of five years, which can be achieved through a combination of energy efficiency measures and enhancing supply from renewable energy sources. Out of this 5% will be from renewable energy source. MNRE has been providing financial support to the Department of Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation (Government of Tamil Nadu) for preparing a Master Plan for developing Coimbatore as a Solar City.

1.13.1. Preparation of Master Plan for ‘Coimbatore Solar City’ The master plan preparation process is divided into six steps:

(i) Preparing energy base-line for year 2008 Energy base-line for the city is a detailed documentation of the existing energy demand and supply scenario for the city. Among other things, it consists of sector-wise energy consumption matrix and energy supply-mix for the base year. The city is divided into four sectors vis. Residential, commercial/ Institutional, Industrial and Municipal sector.

(ii) Demand Forecasting for 2016/2021 This step involves predicting the energy demand for 5 year and 10 year periods. To estimate the demand, growth in energy use in different sectors has been established. These growth rates are established based on immediate past trends and future growth plans. Based on the past time-series data and information on growth plans, growth rate in energy demand for different sectors has been estimated. These growth rates are used for making future projection of energy demand in each sector for year 2016 (five year) and 2021 (10 year).


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(iii) Sector wise strategies This step involves carrying out techno-economic feasibility of different renewable energy and energy efficiency options for each sector based on techno-economic feasibility for such application to the concerned sectors. A renewable energy resources assessment has been done to identify the potential renewable energy sources for the city. This includes assessment of solar radiation, wind power density and availability, biomass resources and municipal/industrial wastes. A strategy has been prepared for use of techno economically feasible renewable energy technology options in each sector.

(iv) Year-wise goals of savings Year wise goals have been set to achieve targeted energy savings through demand side management by energy conservation and energy efficiency measures in different sectors & supply side measures based on renewable energy applications.

(v) Action Plan A five-year action plan has been prepared to achieve the set goals & expected GHG abatements. This includes establishment of solar city cell, capacity building and awareness generation.

(vi) Financial Outlay and sharing of fund An indicative financial outlay has been prepared for implementation of the proposed five-year action plan and potential sources of funding from respective sources (both public and private) has been indicated.


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CHAPTER 2 This chapter gives details of electrical energy consumption for the Coimbatore city for past 4-5 years. The consumption has been shown for different energy sources viz. electricity, LPG, diesel, petrol, kerosene, coal, firewood etc. The chapter also provides use of different electrical appliances based on the primary sample survey in Residential; Commercial & Institutional; Government & Municipal and Industrial sector.

2. Energy Baseline Status of Coimbatore City

2.1. Energy Consumption Pattern To prepare the baseline for the year 2010-11, the energy consumption data of various energy sources like – electricity, LPG, Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene etc. is collected from different sources like state electricity department, district supply officer, oil marketing companies like IOCL, HPCL and BPCL. The data is collected for at least 4-5 years to know the trend and pattern of energy consumption in various sectors like – domestic, commercial, industrial and municipal. Other than the macro level data on energy consumption, we have also done a primary survey in various sectors of the city to know the pattern of energy consumption in these sectors. Substantial numbers of sample surveys have been conducted in the jurisdiction area of the municipal corporation to know the pattern of energy consumption in various sectors of Coimbatore city. The table below shows the total energy consumption in Coimbatore city from various sectors.

Table 1: Energy Consumption Profile of Coimbatore, 2010-11 Energy Unit Consumption in 2011 Equivalent Electricity (MU) Electricity kWh 1101.00 1101.00 MS kL 78502 724.67 HSD kL 173842 1977.99 Kerosene kL 19162 192.68 LPG MT 55019.69 799.85 Total 4796.18


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Figure 1: Energy Consumption Profile of Coimbatore City

The above mentioned table and the pie chart show the total energy consumption in Coimbatore city for the year 2010-11. The pie chart clearly shows that High Speed Diesel (HSD) has the largest share in total energy consumption in the city in the year 2010-11. It has contributed approximately 41% towards the total energy consumption in the city in 2010-11. The second major fuel used in the city is electricity which has contributed close to 23% towards total energy consumption in the city in the year 2010-11. There after comes the LPG which has contributed 17% towards the total energy consumption in the year 2010-11. MS has 15% share in the total energy consumption for the city in the year 2010-11. Kerosene has the least share with 4% contribution towards the total energy consumption in the city for the year 2010-11.

2.1.1. Electricity Consumption Electricity is the main source of energy consumption in domestic, commercial, industrial and municipal sectors. Electricity is generally used for lighting, cooling, heating and powering other appliances of general use in domestic sector. In commercial sector also, electricity is the main source of energy for lighting, cooling, heating and other commercial activities. There are a lot of industries in Coimbatore that use electricity for certain kinds of processes in their day to day work. Coimbatore is known for textile industry and electricity is the main source of energy for running those industrial units. In municipal sector, electricity is being used for maintaining certain services like – street lighting, water supply, sewage treatment plant and office buildings of the municipal corporation. The table below shows the total energy consumption for a period of five years in different sectors.

Table 2: Electricity Consumption in various sectors

Electricity Consumption (Million kWh)

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Domestic 318.68 339.69 446.73 435.24 449.91 Commercial 133.81 191.87 170.17 258.78 267.51 Industrial 60.82 40.02 76.61 253.75 262.34 Municipal Sector 17.63 25.94 36.24 32.34 34.50 Other Government & Educational Sector 73.00 75.09 80.11 83.90 86.74 Total Electrical energy supplied 603.95 672.61 809.87 1064.01 1101.00

Source: TNEB, Coimbatore


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Figure 2: Electricity Consumption in various sectors in

Coimbatore, 2010-11

The above mentioned table and the pie chart show the total electricity consumption in various sectors and the pattern of consumption. The data is collected for a period of five years to identify a trend in the electricity consumption in the city. The above pie chart clearly shows that the highest consumption is in domestic sector, followed by the commercial sector, Industrial sector, Municipal sector and other government & educational buildings. The domestic sector has consumed 40.86% of the total electricity consumption in the city in the year 2010-11, followed by the commercial sector with 24.30% share in total electricity consumption and then by industrial, municipal and government buildings which have 23.83%, 3.13% and 7.83% share respectively in total electricity consumption in the city in the year 2010-11.

2.1.2. Fuel Consumption Petrol and Diesel are the main fuels used for transportation in the city. The table below gives the details of petrol and diesel consumption in the city for a period of four years. The petrol and diesel consumption shows an increasing trend.

Table 3: Fuel Consumption in Coimbatore City 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Petrol 76718 85697 73003 78502 Diesel 167227 196392 150966 173842

Source: IOCL, HPCL, Coimbatore

(i) Petrol Consumption Petrol is primarily used for transportation activities to fuel the vehicles. There are some usages of petrol in certain kind of industries for particular activities. The consumption of petrol in Coimbatore in transportation and industrial activities is given in below mentioned table.


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Table 4: Petrol Consumption in various sectors Sectors 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Transportation 61374 68558 58402 62802 Industries 15344 17139 14601 15700 Total 76718 85697 73003 78502

Figure 3: Trend of Petrol and Diesel Consumption in Coimbatore

(ii) Diesel Consumption Diesel is the main fuel used in transportation activities. It is used in almost all the heavy vehicles including the trucks, tractor, public transport and some private vehicles also use diesel for transportation related activities. Other than transport, diesel is also used for some commercial and industrial activities. The use of petrol in all the sectors is mentioned in the below table.

Table 5: Diesel Consumption in various sectors Consumer Sectors 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Transportation 117058.9 137474.4 105676.2 121689.4 Commercial 16722.7 19639.2 15096.6 17384.2 Industries 33445.4 39278.4 30193.2 34768.4 Total 167227 196392 150966 173842

(iii) Kerosene Consumption Kerosene is a fuel of poor people. This is used in some households for lighting and cooking purposes. The consumption of kerosene has increased in the year 2008-09, it remained almost constant in the year 2009-10 but in 2010-11, it shows a decrease. It may be due to the people shifting to the use of LPG and some other fuel instead of kerosene. Please see the below mentioned table and the graph for the trend of consumption of kerosene.

Table 6: Kerosene Consumption in Coimbatore City, 2010-11 Consumer Sector 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Domestic 11501 12377 12368 11497 Commercial/Industrial 7667 8251 8245 7665


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Total 19168 20628 20613 19162 Source: District Supply Officer, Coimbatore

Table 7: Trend of Kerosene Consumption in Coimbatore city

(iv) LPG Consumption LPG is prominently used for cooking purposes in the urban household sector. It is the main fuel used for cooking purposes in the domestic sector. In commercial sector, LPG is being used for cooking in hotels, restaurants and other commercial purposes. The below mentioned table shows the consumption of LPG over a period of five years in Coimbatore city. The consumption of LPG shows an increasing trend. Specially in the year 2009-10 and subsequent years, the consumption has increased drastically. The reason is attributed to the increased use of LPG in urban household including the people in slum areas.

Table 8: LPG Consumption in various sectors in Coimbatore City 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Domestic (MT) 7223.8 7888.8 38595.14 42903.34 46281.25 Commercial/Industrial (MT) 380.2 415.2 6962.37 7729.647 8738.444 Total 7604 8304 45557.51 50632.98 55019.69

Source: HPCL, IOCL – Coimbatore

Figure 4: Pattern of LPG Consumption amongst

various sectors, 2010-11


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Figure 5: Trend of LPG Consumption in various sectors

2.2. Sectorwise Survey Data Analysis

2.2.1. Residential Sector In order to understand the end uses of energy, and consumer behavior patterns consumer survey has been conducted. The survey questionnaire has been developed to gather information such as monthly fuel consumption, ownership of appliances and their usage, present usage of renewable energy, awareness and usage of energy efficient technologies, etc. The survey data has been analyzed and the summary has been shown in the tables below.

Table 9: Type of buildings in the residential sector Building Type % building type RC Buildings 57.21 Roof 38.88 Cement Roof 2.70 Cement Sheet 0.13 Bungalow 1.08

Table 10: Summary of appliances usage in residential sector

Residential Sector Total Population of the city 2151000 Total number of households in the city 430200 Percentage of households using geysers 11% Percentage of household using kerosene lamps 8% Percentage of household using Refrigerators 59% Percentage of household using Air conditioners 14% Percentage of household using Water Pumps 45% Percentage of household using Incandescent bulbs 42% Percentage of household using tube lights 94% Percentage of household using Ceiling fans 91% Percentage of household using Inverters 13%


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Percentage of household using Generators 6% Number of residential apartment in the city

2.2.2. Commercial Sector Coimbatore is a thriving region of trade and commerce. In addition to trade of cotton textile garments, hosiery products, the city has evolved as a major pump manufacturing hub and currently satisfies 40% of the country’s pump requirements. In addition, the commercial establishments across the city constitute a wide variety of general store, pharmacies, educational/vocational centers, tourism and transport related businesses. The hospitality industry in particular has been growing substantially in Coimbatore due to a growing international presence brought about by the rapidly emerging IT industry.

Table 11: Commerical establishment as per connected electrical load Classification as per load sanctioned Number of Consumers More than 1 MW 6 500 kW to 1 MW 18 less than 500 kW 98032 Total 98056

Figure 6: Type of commercial establishments in Coimbatore City

Table 12: Energy Usage Pattern in Commercial/Institutional Sector Commercial and Institutional Sectors

Total Number of consumers 100 Percentage of consumer using Refrigerators 41% Percentage of consumer using Air conditioners 33% Percentage of consumer using Water Pumps 30% Percentage of consumer using Incandescent bulbs 16% Percentage of consumer using tube lights 100% Percentage of consumer using Ceiling fans 99% Percentage of consumer using Inverters 47% Percentage of consumer using Generators 30%


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2.2.3. Industrial Sector Coimbatore has more than 19,000small, medium and large industries and forms an economically strategic zone in the South of India. With domestic exports exceeding INR 90 billion and international exceeding INR 17 billion, the city’s industrial activities are an important source of revenue through foreign exchange and the city itself have been touted to be among the best Indian cities for its business environment. In the period from 2006 to 2011, out of a 100 companies almost 35 that were registered dealt with metal products while 15 companies were devoted towards machinery and equipment manufacturing. There were 19 textile and textile product based companies registered in the same period. Based on the load sanctioned to companies in Coimbatore, it can be estimated that most of these belong to the small scale industrial sector while a substantial number were medium scale industries.

Table 13: Type of Industries in Coimbatore Type of Industries Industries registered during the period 2006-2011 Metal products 35% Textile & textile products 19% Machinery and Equipments 14.6% Food products and beverages 3.7% Rubber and Plastics 3.5% Service Industries 12.5% Other Manufacturing Industries 11.5%

Figure 7: Classification of Industries in Coimbatore City

Table 14: Industries as per connected electrical load Classification as per load sanctioned Number of Consumers More than 5 MW 2 1 MW to 5 MW 34 500 KW to 1 MW 47 Less than 500 KW 19696 Total 19779

Table 15: Energy Consumption Pattern in Industrial Sector Buildings

Industrial Sector Total Number of consumers 100 Percentage of consumer using Air Conditioners 13%


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Percentage of consumer using Water Pumps 6% Percentage of consumer using Incandescent bulbs 35% Percentage of consumer using tube lights 90% Percentage of consumer using Ceiling fans 74% Percentage of consumer using Inverters 3% Percentage of consumer using Generators 22%

2.2.4. Municipal & Government Sector Government offices and other municipal facilities in the Coimbatore city are shown in the table below.

Table 16: Summary of Municipal Sector Electrical Appliances Nos. 40 watts tube lights 22925 70 watts SV lamps 21474 250 watts SV lamps 14998 400 watts SV lamps fittings 113 250 watts MHL fittings 307 400 watts MHL fittings 534 2*24 watts T-5 Fitting 534 5*24 watts T- 5 Fitting 194 150 watts SV lamps 259 36 watts CF lamps 358 72 watts CF Lamps (2*36) 75 250 watts CF lamps 3358 4*24 watts CF lamps 41 High mast (400 watts SVL fittings) 24 No of municipal office buildings 4 Stadiums owned by the corporation 2 Parks, recreation centres maintained by the corporation 52 Hospitals, clinics maintained by the corporation 38 Schools maintained by the corporation 98 Other buildings 174

2.3. GHG Emissions profile of Coimbatore

Based on this inventory, the total emissions from the city for the year 2010-2011 were 1.469 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) which contributed to about 99% of the total emissions from the city indicating carbon efficiency of the Corporations activities as a result of the various efficiency measures undertaken by it in the previous years.

Community level GHG emissions

The total emissions from the Community sector in Coimbatore is 1,469,552.33 tCO2e

Table 17: Community level Carbon Emissions (tCO2e) Sector Equiv. CO2 tonnes % of total emissions Residential 458,043.56 31.17


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Commercial 195,627.70 13.31 Industrial 198,192.48 13.49 Transport 496,430.96 33.78 Waste 121,257.63 8.25 Total Community level Emissions 1,469,552.33 100.00

a. Coimbatore city Carbon Emissions (2010-2011)

Residential

The residential sector GHG emission was 458043.56 tonnes (31.17 %) to total emissions from community level activities in 2010-11. The major contribution is coming from electricity consumption; it has 63.31 % share of total residential emissions. The next major source of emissions after electricity is due to LPG consumption. A small fraction comes from Kerosene consumption used for several purposes like kerosene lamps, cooking etc. The Kerosene consumption contributes less than 3 % to the total residential emissions. The details of residential emissions are given below.

Table 18: Residential Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2010-11) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Electricity 289,975.43 63.31 LPG 138,338.05 30.20 Kerosene 29,730.08 6.49 Subtotal Residential 458,043.56 100.00

Commercial

The commercial sector GHG emission was 195627.7 tonnes (13.31%) to total emissions from community level activities in 2010-11. The major contribution is coming from electricity consumption; it has 59 % share of total commercial emissions. The next major source of emissions after electricity is due to diesel consumption and its share in total emissions is just about 3.4 %. The source wise equiv CO2 details are given below:


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Table 19: Commercial Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2010-11) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Electricity 115,227.08 58.90 Diesel 49,553.26 25.33 LPG 17,030.91 8.71 Kerosene 13,816.46 7.06 Subtotal Commercial 195,627.70 100.00

Industrial

The industrial sector GHG emission was 198192.48 tonnes (13.48%) to total emissions from community level activities in 2010-11. The major contribution is from diesel consumption; it has 50 % share of total industrial emissions. The next major source of emissions after diesel is due to electricity consumption followed by petrol. Their share in total emissions however is just about 3.36% and 2.44% respectively. The source wise equiv CO2 details are given below:

Table 20: Industrial Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2010-11) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Diesel 99106.52 50.01 Electricity 49,601.06 25.03 Petrol 36072.64 18.20 LPG 7405.23 3.74 Kerosene 6007.04 3.03 Subtotal Industrial 198192.48 100.00

Transport

The transportation sector GHG emission was 496430.96 tonnes (33.78%) to total emissions from community level activities in 2010-11. The major contribution is from diesel consumption; it has 69% share of total transport emissions. The next major contributor to emissions after diesel is due petrol whose consumption is on the rise. Its share in total emissions is 31% of the total transport emissions. Petrol and diesel together contribute to 34% of the total GHG emissions from the city.

Table 21: Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2010-11) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Diesel 340,683.35 68.63 Petrol 155,747.61 31.37 Subtotal Transport 496,430.96 100.00

Waste

The metropolitan of Coimbatore is served by 4 transit stations for solid waste generated by the city at the rate of 730.52 MT/day. The following table details the contribution to GHG


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emissions by this waste that is disposed off in a managed landfill maintained at different locations in the city. The data obtained from the Corporation was latest until 2010.

Table 22: Waste Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2009-10) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Municipal Solid Waste 121,257.63 100 Subtotal Waste 121,257.63 100

Government Level GHG emissions

The total emissions arising from Corporation activities are about 6415.95 tonnes of CO2.

Table 23: Government level Carbon Emissions (tCO2e) Sector Equiv. CO2 tonnes % of total emissions Facilities 19.42 0.30 Buildings 2.07 0.03 Transport 6,394.45 99.67 Total Government level Emissions 6,415.94 100.00

Facilities

Facilities like illumination of public precincts through street lights and traffic lights are some of the service that the Corporation is responsible and that generates greenhouse gasses. Water supply and sewerage pumping are other activities that cause emissions. Following table details the activities and the emissions arising from each. The data from Corporation is from 2009-10 and was the latest available.

Table 24: Facilities Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2009-10) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 %

Street lighting 13.71 70.63 Water supply 5.70 29.37 Subtotal Facilities 19.42 100.00

Buildings

Corporation buildings and the equipments therein also become a source of GHG emissions when powered through electricity. The following table details the relevant emissions from this activity.

Table 25: Buildings Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2009-10) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Illumination 2.07 100 Subtotal Buildings 2.07 100

Transport

In Coimbatore, the emissions due to Corporation owned transport are more than the emissions from facilities or buildings. Transport owned by the Corporation is responsible


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for almost 99% of the emissions from this sector as detailed in the table below. Of these, diesel which serves as fuel for most Corporation vehicles contributes to about 71% of the emissions from Corporation owned transport.

Table 26: Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2009-10) Equiv. CO2 tonnes Equiv. CO2 % Petrol 1,838.90 28.76 Diesel 4,555.55 71.24 Subtotal Transport 6,394.45 100.00


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CHAPTER 3 This chapter forecasts the future consumption of Coimbatore based on baseline energy consumption, past data and population growth. The forecasts figure gives us a clear view of the future conventional energy demands in the city based on which the strategies have been developed and substantiated.

3. Energy Demand Forecast for Coimbatore

Energy demand growth has been projected based population growth and time-series data on energy use during last five years. Since transport sector is not being covered under solar city scheme, the amount of petrol and diesel used in transportation has not been taken into account for preparing the baseline and the demand forecasting for 2016 and 2021.

3.1. Forecasting Based on Population Growth

Table 27: Trend of Population growth and forecasting Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2016 2021 Population (Lakhs) 2.86 3.56 7.01 8.06 9.31 21.51 28.32 37.30 Percentage Increase

24.48 96.91 14.98 15.51 131.04 31.68 31.68

Figure 8: Trend of population growth and forecasting for 2016 & 2021

Table 28: Energy Demand Forecasting based on population growth Energy Sources

Unit

Consumption in 2011

Consumption in equivalent

Electricity (MU)

Projected Demand for 2016 (MU)


Electricity kWh 1101.00 1101.00 1227.56 1368.66 MS kL 15700 144.93 161.59 180.16 HSD kL 52152.60 593.40 661.61 737.66 Kerosene kL 19162 192.68 214.82 239.52


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LPG MT 55019.69 799.85 891.79 994.30 Total 2831.85 3157.37 3520.30

Figure 9: Forecasted Energy Demand based on population Growth

3.2. Forecasting Based on Past Data

Table 29: Energy Demand based on Historical Data Energy Unit Consumption

in 2011 Consumption in

equivalent Electricity (MU)



Electricity kWh 1101.00 1101.01 1820.15 2512.90 MS kL 15700 144.93 136.07 129.29 HSD kL 52152.60 593.40 530.72 487.06 Kerosene kL 19162 192.68 199.81 199.64 LPG MT 55019.69 799.85 1145.41 1489.30 Total 2831.85 3832.15 4818.19


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Figure 10: Forecasted Energy Demand based on Historical Data

3.3. Goal for the year 2016 The maximum energy consumption in all sectors other then transport sector is projected as 3832.15 Million kWh for the 2016. Therefore, goal for reduction in energy consumption through implementation of solar city programme is set as 383.22 MU.


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CHAPTER 4 This chapter delves into renewable energy resource assessment and strategy for introducing different Renewable Energy Technologies in different sectors of Coimbatore city. Renewable energy resource availability and potential is a key criterion for suitable renewable energy technology installations and success. The chapter later develops the strategies for Coimbatore city based on the renewable energy available in the city and the baseline energy consumption and future energy demands of the city.

4. Renewable Energy Strategies for Coimbatore

The main objective of this chapter is to identify available renewable energy resources in Coimbatore city and carry out techno-economic feasibility of different renewable energy options for residential, commercial, industrial and municipal sector and making a priority listing of the options.

A renewable energy resources assessment has been done to identify the potential renewable energy sources for the Coimbatore city. This includes assessment of solar radiation, wind power density and availability, biomass resources and municipal/industrial wastes etc. The strategy has been prepared for each sector identifying most techno economically viable renewable energy options considering wide range of potential consumers in the particular sector. An implementation target for development of solar city project in 5 years period has been set with an objective to meet at least 5% energy consumption from renewable energy on completion of the solar city project in Coimbatore.

For the residential sector, potential for introducing the following renewable energy devices has been worked out based on present energy use pattern of the residents, economic level, availability of such products and economic feasibility.

(i) Solar Water Heaters (ii) Solar Cooker (iii) Solar Lanterns (iv) Solar Home System (v) Solar PV system for Home Inverters (vi) Small Wind Turbines (vii) Solar PV Wind Hybrid Systems Commercial and Institutional Sector has been divided in to four broad categories as below and these categories again sub divided into further categories based on their capacity and functional differences.

(i) RE Strategy for Hotels (ii) RE Strategy for Restaurants (iii) RE Strategy for Hospitals (iv) RE Strategy for Educational Institutes


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Case studies have been carried out visiting each of these sub categories to identify present energy demand, energy and fuel used, load shedding occurs, standby power supply provision, space available for installation of solar arrays and collectors etc. Based on the site visit and energy demand assessment, preliminary design/sizing of appropriate renewable energy devices have been worked out for each category establishment. An indicative budgetary financial implication, energy savings, payback period and GHG emission reduction has been estimated for each renewable energy option that has been suggested. Based on the energy utilization pattern, the following renewable energy systems have been recommended followed by energy efficiency measures in this sector.

(i) Solar Water Heaters for all hotels, hospitals, restaurants & residential institutes (ii) Solar Steam cooking for hostels and restaurants (iii) Solar PV system for captive use and peak load reduction (iv) Biogas system from food waste (v) Solar PV wind hybrid systems (vi) Small Wind turbines for institutional campuses Industrial sector is broadly divided into five categories. Suitable renewable energy technologies have been suggested for each of the category.

(i) Metal products (35%) (ii) Textile & textile products (19%) (iii) Machinery and Equipments (15%) (iv) Food products and beverages (4%) (v) Rubber and Plastics (3%) (vi) Service Industries (12%) (vii) Other Manufacturing Industries (12%) The following renewable energy systems have been proposed for the industrial sector based on industrial process and type and quantum of energy demand for these industries.

(i) Solar Water Heaters for process heat and boiler feed water preheating (ii) Solar Steam generating system for process heating (iii) Solar PV system for captive use and peak load reduction (iv) Biogas system for food processing industries Government & Municipal Sector is divided into three categories and options for appropriate renewable energy technologies have been recommended based on the assessment made on each category of the sector.

(i) Government and Municipal Corporation Office Buildings (ii) Outdoor lighting for public places like parks, bus shelters, monuments etc (iii) Outdoor lighting Road safety- Street light, road blinkers, road studs etc


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4.1. Renewable Energy Resource Assessment A preliminary assessment has been done for solar, biomass resources and energy recovery potential from municipal solid waste and sewage treatment plant. While biomass data is for entire Coimbatore district, there is no hydro potential in the city. A pre feasibility study on wind potential in Coimbatore City and its surrounding area has been conducted by ICLEI-SA during 2011 under Urban Climate Project. A summary on wind potential, site classification and suitable types of wind turbine for Coimbatore city has been incorporated in this report.

4.1.1. Solar Radiation Coimbatore (76° E and 11° N) receives good amount of solar radiation with an annual average of 4.98 kWh/ m2/day. Following is the typical solar insolation data for Coimbatore for an entire year.

Table 30: Monthly Averaged Insulation (kWh/m2/day) incident on a horizontal surface in Coimbatore

Source Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual NASA SSE Satellite data

4.62 5.5 6.22 6.8 6.59 5 3.9 3.7 4.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 5.09

MNRE Solar Radiation Handbook-2008

4.49 5.34 6.09 6.7 6.55 5.2 4.1 4.1 4.87 5.2 4.5 4.3 5.09

Figure 11: Annual Solar Radiation Profile of Coimbatore

4.1.2. Wind Energy Potential The state of Tamil Nadu has one of the best wind potentials in the country. The total identified wind power potential is 9675MW and the total installed wind power capacity is about 5533MW as on February 2011. Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu has very good wind energy potential. There are 12 wind monitoring mast installed all over the district to monitor wind power potential and all of them shows more that 200W/m2 mean annual wind power density which is considered as good wind power potential. Error! Reference


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source not found. below shows mean annual wind power density measured in the different wind mast across the district.

Table 31: Designated wind sites near Coimbatore city Site Name Latitude Longitude Elevation

in meters Mean annual wind speed at 20m/25m in

m/sec

WPD at 20m/ 25m

WPD at 50m in W/sqm

Deg Min Deg Min

Andhiyur 10 36 77 11 380 5.2 177 271 Arasampalayam 10 51 77 3 370 5.5 195 291 Edayarpalayam 10 55 77 7 445 6.1 273 398 Kethanur 10 54 77 17 403 5.7 259 376 Mettukadai 10 52 77 23 350 4.9 184 281 Myvadi 10 36 77 19 341 5.3 251 376 Pongalur 10 58 77 21 388 5.2 213 309 Poolavadi 10 44 77 17 321 5.7 283 445 Poosaripatti 10 40 77 7 380 5.2 168 254 Pushpathur 10 33 77 25 340 4.3 128 254 Sultanpet 10 52 77 11 380 5.1 203 206 Thannirpandal 10 57 77 19 400 4.9 216 >330

Source: http://www.windpowerindia.com/statwind2.asp

Wind data for Coimbatore City The monthly average wind speed data from Atmospheric science data center, NASA and Peelamedu Airport are presented below. The same wind speed data is represented graphically in Error! Reference source not found.. It can be clearly seen that there is high level of similarity in the two data set and the wind speeds are at highest in May-September.

Table 32: Wind speed data

Months

Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m above The Surface Of The Earth –

NASA data

Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m above The Surface Of The Earth – Peelamedu airport data

m/s m/s January 3.12 1.90 February 2.69 2.10 March 2.81 2.50 April 2.76 2.80 May 3.26 3.90 June 4.72 5.30 July 4.54 5.30 August 4.29 5.10 September 3.33 4.20 October 2.57 2.50 November 2.74 1.60 December 3.47 1.80 Annual Average 3.12 3.25


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Table 33: Comparison of wind speed data

4.1.3. Waste generation22

About 600 MT of waste is generated in Coimbatore daily with the major generation points being households, hotels, restaurants, industries, hospitals, market places, slums, bus-stands and community halls. Most of city’s waste comes from domestic and commercial sectors collected in dustbins around the city and transported via lorries, carts or tractors to transit stations located at Gandhipuram, Peelamedu, Ondiputhur, Ukkadam and Vellaluru. Currently, the transfer stations at Peelamedu and Ukkadam have a waste handling capacity of 200 tonnes per day (TPD) while transit stations at Ondiputhur and Gandhipuram operate at 125 TPD. With increasing waste generation from the city in future, the four stations are expected to run at their optimal capacities of 650 TDP for which each has been designed.

Transit Station Operating capacity % of design capacity (650 TPD) Gandhipuram 125 19.23 Ukkadam 125 19.23 Peelamedu 200 30.76 Ondiputhur 200 30.76

22 Solid Waste Management report-Coimbatore Municipal Corporation-www.indiaurbanportal.in/pdf/swm_sess2_1.pdf

Vellaluru Compost yard


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4.1.4. Liquid Waste from Sewage Treatment Plant The Sewerage Treatment at Ukkadam serves as the sole STP under Coimbatore Corporation. The STP has been designed to operate at a capacity of 70 MLD. Currently operating at less than 30% of its design capacity, the STP is estimated to suffice the city’s needs for another 15 years. The plant has been constructed based on Sequential Bach Reactor (SBR) process which has a stringent quality standard known for rendering very low fecal Coli form and turbidity levels. It has decided to adopt the very same technology at the Nanjundapuram sewage treatment plant, yet to become operational.

4.1.5. Biomass Resources23

Coimbatore district has agro, forest and wasteland based biomass reserve and has one the highest biomass potential within the state. The total average crop production in 2000-04 was 904 kT/year. During the same period biomass generated was about 823 kT/year and surplus was 372 kT/year. The city had a power generation capacity of 51 MWe during this time which was the 10th highest in production of power from biomass.

4.2. RE Strategy for Residential sector With projected population of 28.32 lakh (2016), the residential sector is the highest energy consumer in non-transport activities in the Coimbatore city. Different renewable energy options have been proposed based on technology available and economic feasibility. Only those renewable energy devices are recommended which are technically proven, commercially available and attractive in terms of financial benefit from energy savings.

(i) Installation of Solar Water Heating System The State government offers subsidies for installation of SWH on VVIP quarters and residences and the national subsidy covers 30% of the capital costs of domestic and commercial users. The target for residential users that are currently using geysers has been set at 80%. Such an introduction would save up to 43.4 MU in 5 years. Cost implication and energy savings potential is presented in the table below.

Table 34: Potential for SWHs installation in Coimbatore City Single Household Unit Average size of domestic SWH (2 sqm collector area) 100/125 LPD Total energy saved per year 1575 kWh Indicative cost of installation 25000 INR MNRE subsidy @3300.00 per m2 6600 INR Cost of energy savings 5513 INR Payback period 3 Years Target for entire city Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Residential household using geysers 11% Target to replace electric geyser by SWH in 5 years 80% Average size of domestic SWH (2 sqm collector area) 100/125 LPD Number of SWH to be installed in five years 27543 Nos. Total collector area in sqm 55085 Sqm

23 Biomass Resource Atlas India-http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/atlas/Default.aspx


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Single Household Unit Total energy saved in five years 43.4 MU Indicative cost of installation 6885.63 Lakh MNRE subsidy @Rs.3300.00 per sqm 1817.81 Lakh Cost of energy savings 1518.28 Lakh Payback period 3 Years Emission reduction per year 35137 Tonnes

(ii) Use of Solar cookers (Box and dish type) Both box type solar cooker and dish type solar cooker can be promoted in the urban areas. Box type solar cooker is an ideal device for domestic cooking during most of the year, except for the monsoon season and cloudy days. It however cannot be used for frying or chapatti making. It is durable and simple to operate. On the other hand, dish type solar cooker can be used for indoor cooking. The stagnation temperature at the bottom of the cooking pot could be over 300oC depending upon the weather conditions. The temperatures attained with this cooker are sufficient for roasting, frying and boiling. Regular use of a box type solar cooker may save 3-4 LPG cylinders per year. The use of solar cooker to its full capacity may result in savings up to 10 LPG cylinders per year at small establishments. A target of 15% in the domestic sector could save 14.33 MU of energy that occurs with use of a typical LPG cylinder. Considering the specific emission value of 0.24 per kWh per kg of CO2, the emissions reduction of about 3440 tonnes can be brought about in 5 years. Cost implication and energy savings potential is presented in the table below.

Table 35: Introducing solar cooker in Coimbatore City Calorific Value of LPG 12500 kcal/kg

1 kcal= 0.001163 kWh 14.54 kWh/kg I Domestic Gas Cylinder 14 kg 203.53 kWh Specific emission per kWh Kg CO2 0.24

Solar Cooker for Residential use Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household having facility to install a solar cooker 30% Target for introducing of solar cooker in 5 years 15% Number of Solar Cooker to be installed in 5 years plan 14084 Nos. Average savings of LPG domestic cylinder per year per solar cooker (14kg)

5 Nos.

Total LPG saved in five years 985896 kg Total energy saved in five years 14.33 MU Indicative cost of installation (75% box type & 25% SK-14) 369.71 Lakh MNRE subsidy for solar cooker @30% 110.91 Lakh Cost of energy savings 246.47 Lakh Payback period 1.05 years Emission reduction in five years 3440 Tonnes


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(iii) Solar lanterns to replace kerosene lamps/ candles The use of kerosene lanterns is fairly considerable in Coimbatore. The emissions reduction that can be brought about by the replacement of kerosene/candles with solar lanterns contributes to about 0.3% towards the overall reduction target of 15% in conventional energy demand. Nevertheless, this replacement brings about emissions reduction in lieu of 335 tonnes of CO2 within a mere 5 year period. The relevant techno-commercial details are provided in the table below.

Table 36: Introducing solar lanterns in Coimbatore City Density of kerosene 0.7782 Calorific Value of Kerosene 11110 kcal/kg 1 kcal= 0.001163 kWh

Single Household Unit Capacity of residential Solar Home System 10 Wp Number lights per Solar Home System 1 Nos. Number of Kerosene lamp replaced by SL 1 Nos. Consumption of kerosene per lanterns/month 3 Liters Cost of kerosene per liter in the market 20 INR Cost of kerosene per year per household 720 INR Indicative cost of installing a SL 3000 INR MNRE subsidy @Rs.81.00 per Wp 810 INR Payback period when replacing the kerosene lamps 3.0 years Target for entire city Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Residential household use kerosene lamps 8% Target to replace kerosene lamp in 5 years 15% Number of SL to be installed in 5 years plan 3662 Nos. Total kerosene lamp replaced 3662 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 109.86 Lakh Kerosene saved 131828 Litres Savings in terms of Electricity 1.33 MU Cost of kerosene savings 26.37 Lakh MNRE subsidy @Rs.81.00 per Wp 29.66 Lakh Payback period 3.0 years Emission reduction per year 335 Tonnes

(iv) Use Solar Home Systems (SHS) A Solar Home System is a fixed indoor lighting system and consists of solar PV module, battery and balance of systems. Capacity of such system could be of 18Wp, 37Wp and 74Wp for different configuration. The luminaries used in the above systems comprise compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) of 7 W / 9 W / 11 W capacities respectively. The fan is of DC type with less than 20 W rating. One Battery of 12 V, 40 / 75 Ah capacity is also provided with SPV modules of 37Wp / 74Wp as required. The system will work for about 4 hours daily, if charged regularly. The Solar Home Lighting systems have been proposed to replace kerosene lamps used by 8% population in Coimbatore Corporation area during load shedding hours. A 74Wp Solar Home System can replace 3-4 kerosene lamps with 4-5 hours backup hence replacing entire need of kerosene, which is estimated at an average of 13 litres per month per household. If a 20% replacement target is considered within the


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next 5 years, then energy savings of 8 MU result and emissions reductions are expected to be 1950 tonnes in 5 years. The potential of kerosene replacement with Solar Home Systems and financial implication thereon is indicated in the table below.

Table 37: Introducing solar home system in Coimbatore City Single Household Unit Capacity of residential Solar Home System 74 Wp Number lights per Solar Home System 4 Nos. Number of Kerosene lamp replaced by SHS 4 Nos. Consumption of kerosene per household/month 13 Liters Cost of kerosene per liter in the market 20 INR Cost of kerosene per year per household 3144 INR Indicative cost of installing a SHS 16000 INR MNRE subsidy @Rs.81.00 per Wp 5994 INR Payback period when replacing the kerosene lamps 3.2 years Target for entire city Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Residential household use kerosene lamps 8% Target to replace kerosene lamp in 5 years 20% Number of SHS to be installed in 5 years plan 4883 Nos. Total kerosene lamp replaced 19530 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 781.21 Lakh Kerosene saved 768 KL Savings in terms of Electricity 8 MU Cost of kerosene savings 154 Lakh MNRE Subsidy @Rs.81.00 per Wp 293 Lakh Payback period 3.2 years Emission reduction in five years 1950 Tonnes

(v) Using Solar PV for Home Inverters Coimbatore has been battling with power cuts and load shedding for some time now. About 13% in the residential sector use inverters during load shedding. A 15% replacement target in Coimbatore city in 5 years duration yields a reduction in emissions of about 1854 tonnes of CO2. The city would have a total installed capacity of PV units of 1526 kWp which will abate carbon emissions, reduce load demand and also generate savings of about INR 80 lakh. The potential of energy savings, green house gas emission reduction and budgetary financial implication is indicated in the table below.

Table 38: Target for introducing Solar PV for Home Inverters in Coimbatore City

Solar PV for Home Inverters Unit Capacity of solar PV system for Home Inverter 250 Wp Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Home Inverter 43750 INR Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Residential household use Inverter during load shedding 13% Target to introduce solar charger for inverter in 5 years 15%


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Solar PV for Home Inverters Unit Number of solar inverter to be installed in 5 years plan 6103 Nos. Total PV capacity installed 1526 kWp Total Energy generated by PV arrays in five years 2 MU Cost of energy saved 80 Lakh Indicative cost of installation 2670 Lakh MNRE subsidy @Rs.57.00 per Wp 870 Lakh Payback period 22 years Emission reduction in five years 1854 Tonnes

(vi) Using Solar PV for Generator sets The replacement if DG sets with SPV units is being encouraged as a means of limiting their use during load shedding periods that the city is oft presented with. Currently, about 6% of the households in the city use DG sets during load shedding. At a replacement target of 10% within 5 years, there occurs an increase in installed capacity of SPV units by 1878 kWp and a substantial saving in diesel consumption in the residential sector of about 1502 KL. The total reduction in emissions that results from this replacement is 3816 tonnes in 5 years.

Table 39: Target for replacement DG/Kerosene Generator sets with Solar PV units for Coimbatore City

Calorific Value of Diesel 11840 kcal/kg Density of diesel 0.8263 Calorific Value of LPG 12500 kcal/kg 1 kcal= 0.00116 kWh Average use of Gen-set 200 days/year

Solar PV for replacement of DG/Kerosene Generator sets Unit Capacity of solar PV system 1 kWp Indicative cost of incorporating Solar power pack 2.60 Lakh Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Residential household use generators during load shedding 6% Target to introduce solar power pack in 5 years 10% Number of solar power pack to be installed in 5 years plan 1878 Nos. Total PV capacity installed 1878 kWp Total Energy generated by PV arrays in five years 2.82 MU Typical generator set used 5-10 kW Average fuel consumption per day for 4-6 hours load shedding 4 liters Amount of diesel saved in five years for entire city 1502 KL Cost of Diesel saved 600.93 Lakh Indicative cost of installation 4883 Lakh MNRE subsidy @Rs.57000.00 per kWp 1070 Lakh Payback period 6.34 years Total Emissions reduction in five year for replacement of diesel 3816 Tonnes


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(vii) RE systems for residential Apartments/ housing complexes Coimbatore city has about 3000 apartment building and an average of 30 flats or residences in each building. Solar water heaters and solar PV power plants are considered to be most viable renewable energy devices for the existing and well as new residential complexes.

Table 40: RE system for residential apartments Total number of apartment in the city 3000 Total number of apartment in the city 3000 % of residential apartment suitable for installation of RE system 30% % of residential apartment targeted for RE system integration 40% Number of target residential apartment buildings in the city 360 Average number of Residence in each building 30 Solar Water Heater System Average size of Solar water heaters each building 3000 LPD Total capacity of SWH to be installed in 5 years plan 1080000 LPD Total collector area in sqm 21600 Sqm Total energy saved in five years 12.8 MU Indicative cost of installation 1530.00 Lakh MNRE subsidy @Rs.3300.00 per sqm 712.80 Lakh Beneficiary/ State/ CMC share 817.20 Lakh Cost of energy savings 446.51 Lakh Payback period 1.83 years Emission reduction in five years 10800 Tonnes Solar PV Power Plant for Back-up power Capacity of solar PV system for single apartment of 20 Residence 15 kWp Indicative cost of incorporating Solar PV to Home Inverter 35 Lakh Total capacity of PV systems for targeted apartments for 5 years 5400 kWp Total Energy generated by PV arrays in five years 8.10 MU Cost of energy saved 284 Lakh Indicative cost of installation 12600 Lakh MNRE subsidy @Rs.57 per Wp 3078 Lakh Beneficiary/ State/ CMC's share 9522 Lakh Payback period 34 years Emission reduction in five years 6561 Tonnes

(viii) Summary of RE strategy for Residential Sector Adoption of above recommended RE strategy in the residential sector will avail the Coimbatore city energy savings of about 92.72 MU and emissions reduction of 63892 tonnes per year. These measures will enable the residential sector to contribute 19.22% towards the comprehensive reduction target. It is highly recommended that the city lays more importance on installation and use of SWH in the city which can be proved to show beneficial in context of energy saved and emissions reduced.

The total investment for these strategies to be applied and implemented is about INR 298 Crore within the 5 year period of which the contribution from MNRE is expected to be around INR 79.2 Crore. Following is a summary of the RE strategy for residential sector in Coimbatore city.


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Table 1 : Summary of RE Strategy for Residential sector in Coimbatore City RE Strategy for residential sector

Tar

get C

apac

ity

Uni

ts

Inve

stm

ent

(Lak

h)

MN

RE

subs

idy

(Lak

h)

Ben

efic

iary

's

cont

ribu

tion

(Lak

h)

Ene

rgy

Save

d (M

U)

Em

issi

ons

Red

uctio

ns

(Ton

nes)

Solar water Heaters 27543 Nos. 6886 1818 5068 43.38 35137 Solar cookers 14084 Nos. 370 111 259 14.33 3440 Solar Lantern 3662 Nos. 110 30 80 1.33 335 Solar Home System 4883 Nos. 781 293 489 7.72 1950 Solar Home inverter 6103 Nos. 2670 870 1800 2.29 1854 PV for replacing DG sets

1878 Nos. 4883 1070 3812 2.82 3816

SWHS for Residential Apartment

1080000 LPD 1530 713 817 12.76 10800

PV for Residential Apartment

5400 kWp 12600 3078 9522 8.10 6561

29829 7982 21847 92.72 63892

4.3. RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector The commercial & institutional sector owns substantial part in energy consumption in Coimbatore city. The sector consumes about 24% of total electricity consumed in the city with its 333 educational institutes, 288 health care facilities including clinics, hospitals and medical supply stores, 52 hotels and restaurants and 88 odd restaurants. Different strategies are prepared for different categories of consumers based on type and quantum of energy consumed and availability of resource and space to generate renewable energy in their premises. While preparing the strategy, only techno economically viable and commercially available renewable energy options are considered.

It is estimated that introduction of RE system in commercial and institutional sector in Coimbatore city as described in the table 30 below will save 44.11MU of energy in five years and reduce GHG emission by 37496 Tons per year. Introduction of solar water heater system should be given prime importance in the hospitality, health care sector and educational campus.

4.3.1. RE Strategy for Hospitality Sector Coimbatore has 52 hotels including twelve 5-star category hotels and twenty seven 3-star category hotels. Major energy requirement such as hot water and electricity during load shedding/ peak load could be partially met by solar energy. Solar thermal system can be used to generate hot water or steam for cooking. Solar PV power plant can be used to reduce or eliminate use of diesel generators which are being used during load shedding hours. Apart from that hotels also generate bio waste which can be used to produce biogas through bio-methanation process. Solar pumps and solar garden lights can be used for sprinkling water and beautification.


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Table 41: Recommended Renewable Energy Systems for Hotels Hotels Nos. Steam

generating system (sqm)

Solar Water Heating System

(LPD)

Solar PV System (kWp)

Biogas System (CuM)

5 star hotels with 100+ rooms

12 200 2400 15000 180000 25 300 20 240

3 star hotels with 100+ rooms

12 100 1200 10000 120000 10 120 10 120

3 star hotels < 100 rooms

15 50 750 5000 75000 5 75 5 75

Budget hotels 13 0 0 3000 39000 2 26 0 0 Aggregate 52 4350 414000 521 435 Target in 5 years 50% 2175 50% 207000 50% 261 50% 218 Energy Savings (MU)

1.41 3.11 0.39 0.4616

Total Emission reduction

1202 2639.25 332 392.4

Investment (Lakh INR)

15000 326 200 414 1.75 456 15000 33

MNRE subsidy 5400 117 3300 137 0.57 148 0.30 10 Beneficiary contribution

209 277 307 23

4.3.2. Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants Coimbatore has a number of restaurants and eateries. The city has more than 88 restaurants and which are categorized as large, medium and small restaurants. Solar water heaters and solar steam generating systems can be introduced in these restaurants to meet their hot water demand for cooking and utensil cleaning. Since all the restaurants are using DG sets as standby power supply source during load shedding, PV power plant will be an attractive and profitable option for the restaurants. Introduction of RE system in 25% of restaurants in Coimbatore city as described in the table below will save 4.88 MU of energy per year and reduce GHG emission by 3337 Tons per year. Introduction of solar water heater system should be given prime importance followed by biogas system and solar PV system for diesel abatement.

Table 42: Recommended Renewable Energy Systems for Restaurants Restaurants Nos. Steam generating

system for Cooking (sqm)


(LPD)


Biogas System (CuM)

Large restaurants

5 200 1000 15000 75000 25 125 50 250

Medium Restaurants

14 100 1400 10000 140000 10 140 20 280

Small Restaurants

69 50 3450 5000 345000 5 345 10 690

Aggregate 88 5850 560000 610 1220 Target in 5 years

25% 1463 25% 140000 25% 153 25% 305

Energy Savings (MU)

0.95 2.10 0.23 0.65

Total Emission reduction

808 1785 194 550

Investment (Lakh INR)

15000 219 200 280 1.75 267 15000 46

MNRE subsidy 5400 79 3300 92 0.57 87 0.30 14


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Restaurants Nos. Steam generating system for

Cooking (sqm)


(LPD)


Biogas System (CuM)

Beneficiary contribution

140 188 180 32

4.3.3. Renewable Energy Systems for Health care Sector The Coimbatore city has about 288 health care facilities, which includes 20 urban health posts, 2 maternity homes, 16 corporation dispensaries and 250 private hospitals. Apart from that the city has other health care facilities like dispensaries, dental clinic, microsurgery, day care centre and pathological laboratories. Recommended renewable energy systems have been shown in the table below.

Table 43: Recommended Renewable Energy Systems for Health Care Sector

Type of Health Care establishment Nos. Solar Water Heating

System (LPD) Solar PV System (kWp)

Urban Health Posts 20 2000 40000 2 40 Maternity Homes 2 10000 20000 5 10 Corporation Dispensaries 16 5000 80000 10 160 Private Hospitals 250 10000 2500000 10 2500 Aggregate 288 2640000 2710 Target in 5 years 50% 1320000 50% 1355 Energy Savings (MU) 19.80 2.03 Total Emission reduction 16830 1728 Investment (Lakh INR) 200 2640 1.75 2371 MNRE subsidy 3300 871 0.57 772 Beneficiary contribution 1769 1599

4.3.4. Renewable Energy Systems for Educational Institutes Coimbatore is known for its higher educational institutes. Coimbatore city has 60 primary/ nursery schools, 13 intermediate and high schools, 109 secondary schools and 150 colleges for arts, science and engineering education. The government primary schools provide free mid-day meal to its students. Community solar cookers can be used to cook mid-day meal in these schools. The institutes having hostels can use solar water heater to supply hot water to the bathrooms and solar steam cooker for the hostel mess. Suitable renewable energy devices considered for educational institutes are:

(i) Steam Cooking for hostel mess (ii) Solar Water Heating System for hostels (iii) Biogas from Kitchen waste of Hostels mess (iv) Use of Solar cookers for cooking mid-day meals in primary schools (v) Solar PV system


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Table 44: RE Strategy for Educational sector in Coimbatore City Type of Establishment

Nos RE System Proposed Steam

generating system for

Cooking (sqm collector area)


(LPD)


Biogas System (CuM)

Uni

t C

apac

ity

Tot

al

Cap

acity

Uni

t C

apac

ity

Tot

al

Cap

acity

Uni

t C

apac

ity

Tot

al

Cap

acity

Uni

t C

apac

ity

Tot

al

Cap

acity

Primary School 60 20 1200 0 0 1 60 0 0 Middle Schools 13 0 0 0 0 2 26 0 0 Higher Secondary

109 0 0 0 0 2 218 0 0

Special Needs 1 0 0 5000 5000 2 2 0 0 Colleges 150 200 30000 10000 1500000 10 1500 20 3000 Aggregate 333 31200 1505000 1806 3000 Target in 5 years 25% 7800 25% 376250 25% 452 25% 750 Savings (MU) 5.07 5.64 0.68 1.59 GHG reduction 4310 4797 576 1353 Invest (Lakh INR)

15000 1170 200 753 1.75 790 15000 113

MNRE share 5400 421 3300 248 0.57 257 0.30 34 Beneficiary share

749 504 533 79

(i) Summary of RE strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector RE strategy for commercial and institutional sector, once implemented fully will save 44.11 MU of energy in five years and reduce GHG of 37496 Tons per year. The primary focus should be given to introduction of solar water heaters for hotels, restaurants, hospitals and other residential institutes, which will save 30.65 MU per year. Solar PV power plant should be introduced for captive diesel abatement in the establishment that are using diesel sets as standby power supply source. The restaurants and hotels that has considerable amount of food and organic waste, should introduce biogas system. Use of solar cooker for preparing mid-day meal in primary schools will be an attractive option to save LPG for cooking and creation of awareness and demonstration about use of renewable energy devices among school children.

Table 45: Summary of RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector

RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional sector

Units Target Capacity

Total Investment

(Lakh INR)

MNRE subsidy (Lakh INR)

Beneficiary's contribution

Amount of

Energy Saved (MU)

Emissions Reductions (Tonnes)

Solar Steam Cooker for Cooking in Schools, Hostels, Hotels, Restaurant

sqm 11438 1715.63 617.63 1098.00 7.43 6319.22

Solar Water Heaters for

LPD 2043250 4086.50 1348.55 2737.96 30.65 26051.44


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RE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional sector

Units Target Capacity

Total Investment

(Lakh INR)

MNRE subsidy (Lakh INR)

Beneficiary's contribution

Amount of

Energy Saved (MU)

Emissions Reductions (Tonnes)

Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals Solar PV Power Plant for Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals.

kWp 2220 3884.13 1265.12 2619.01 3.33 2829.86

Biogas for Hotels and Restaurants

CuM 1273 190.88 133.61 57.26 2.70 2295.72

9877.13 3364.90 6512.23 44.11 37496.24

4.4. RE Strategy for Industrial Sector Renewable energy devices are suggested for different categories of industrial consumers based upon their type and quantum of energy demand. Low temperature solar thermal application for boiler feed water preheating is a highly feasible and economically beneficial for low heat process industries like diary, textile, food process industries etc. Concentrated Solar Thermal application can be directly used to meet medium temperature process heat for textile, dying and food processing industries.

Solar PV system based uninterrupted power supply system will increase productivity and profitability for small industries. For medium and large industries using diesel generator can use solar PV for reduction of expensive diesel fuel. The industries having large roof can install solar PV power either to meet their own Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) or make investment to take benefit under REC mechanism.

Table 46: Summary of RE Strategy for Industrial Sector Type of Establishment

Nos. RE System Proposed Steam generating

system Solar Water

Heating System Solar PV System

Biogas System

Average Capacity (sqm)

Average Capacity (LPD)

Average Capacity

(kWp)

Average Capacity (CuM)

Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total Metal products 3151 0 0 0 0 10 31510 0 0 Textile & textile products

1718 1000 1718000 10000 17180000 10 17180 0 0

Machinery and Equipments

1309 0 0 0 0 5 6545 0 0

Food products and beverages

335 500 167500 5000 1675000 5 1675 50 16750

Service Industries 1117 0 0 0 0 5 5585 0 0 Other Manufacturing Industry

1032 0 0 0 0 5 5160 0 0

Aggregate 8662 1885500 18855000 56910 16750

Target in 5 years 10% 188550 20% 3771000 10% 5691 5% 838 Energy Savings (MU)

122.56 56.57 8.54 1.78

Total Emission 104174 48080 7256 1511


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Type of Establishment

Nos. RE System Proposed Steam generating

system Solar Water

Heating System Solar PV System

Biogas System


Average Capacity (LPD)

Average Capacity

(kWp)

Average Capacity (CuM)

Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total reduction Investment (Lakh INR)

15000 28283 200 7542 1.75 9959 15000

126

MNRE subsidy 5400 10182 3300 2489 0.57 3244 0.30 38 Beneficiary contribution

18101 5053 6715 88

4.4.1. RE Strategy for Government and Municipal Sector The municipal and government building sector of Coimbatore city consumes about 6.00% of total electrical energy in the city. The primary consumers in this sector are streetlights, outdoor lights in parks and monuments, markets, office buildings of the Municipal Corporation, water supply, sewerage treatment plant etc. Renewable energy devices are suggested to all categories of consumers depending upon the energy demand. The sector has ample opportunity to save energy through introducing renewable energy and energy conservation measures and could show case these initiatives to encourage people to adopt further.

Table 47: RE System for Outdoors lighting (Streets, Traffic, Road safety etc.)

Potential Target Investment (Lakhs)

MNRE subsidy (Lakh)

Sate/ CMC

(Lakh)

Energy Saved (MU per

year)

Emissions Reductions

per year (Tonnes)

Solar Street Lights 1x 74Wp

21729 10864 2173 651 1522 1.21 977

Solar PV Traffic Lights (2x74Wp)

46 23 11.50 5.75 5.75 0.0051 4.14

Solar Blinkers (37Wp)

120 60 9.00 4.50 4.50 0.0033 2.70

Road Stud @ 1 stud in 2m for 50% of main road

25000 6250 75.00 37.50 37.50 0.03 22.78

2268.37 698.96 1569.41 1.24 1006.43


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Table 48: RE Strategy for Municipal and Government Building Sector Type of Establishment

Nos. RE System Proposed Steam

generating system for Cooking


Solar PV System Biogas System

Average Capacity

(sqm)

Average Capacity (kWp)


Average Capacity (kWp)

Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total Municipal buildings 4 0 0 0 0 10 40 0 0 CMC Stadiums 2 0 0 0 0 50 100 0 0 CMC Parks & Centres

52 0 0 0 0 10 520 0 0

CMC Health Care 38 0 0 2000 76000 5 190 0 0 CMC Schools 98 0 0 0 0 5 490 0 0 Other buildings 174 0 0 0 0 5 870 0 0 Bus Stands 4 0 0 0 0 5 20 0 0 Kaliyana mandapam 9 0 0 5000 45000 5 45 20 180 Boat House 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 Market Complexes 17 0 0 0 0 10 170 0 0 Daily Market 9 0 0 0 0 5 45 10 90 Weekly Market 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 10 10 Pay and use toilets 43 0 0 0 0 2 86 5 215 Reading Rooms 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 Noon Meals Centres 88 200 17600 2000 176000 1 17600 5 440 Aggregate 452 17600 297000 20182 935 Target in 5 years 10% 1760 20% 59400 20% 4036 10% 94 Energy Savings (MU)

1.14 0.89 6.05 0.20

Emission reduction 972 757 5146 169 Investment (Lakh INR)

15000 264 200 119 1.75 7064 15000 14

MNRE subsidy 5400 95 3300 39 0.57 2301 0.30 4 CMC contribution 169 80 4763 10

The Municipal sector can contribute 9.53 MU energy savings in five years through introducing RE devices in the different municipal utilities and services reducing GHG emission by 8051 tonnes in five years.

Table 49: Summary of RE Strategy for Municipal and Government Building Sector

RE Strategy for Municipal and Government sector

Units

Tar

get C

apac

ity

Tot

al In

vest

men

t (L

akh

INR

)

MN

RE

subs

idy

(Lak

h IN

R)

Sate

/ CM

C/

cont

ribu

tion

(Lka

h IN

R)

Am

ount

of

Ene

rgy

Save

d (M

U)

Em

issio

ns

Red

uctio

ns

(Ton

nes)

Solar Steam generating system

sqm collector area

1760 264.00 95.04 168.96 1.14 972.40

Solar Water Heaters LPD 59400 118.80 39.20 79.60 0.89 757.35 Solar PV Power Plant kWp 4036 7063.70 2300.75 4762.95 6.05 5146.41 Biogas CuM 94 14.03 9.82 4.21 0.20 168.68 Solar Street lights 1x74Wp

Nos 10864 2173 651 1522 1.21 977


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RE Strategy for Municipal and Government sector

Units

Tar

get C

apac

ity

Tot

al In

vest

men

t (L

akh

INR

)

MN

RE

subs

idy

(Lak

h IN

R)

Sate

/ CM

C/

cont

ribu

tion

(Lka

h IN

R)

Am

ount

of

Ene

rgy

Save

d (M

U)

Em

issi

ons

Red

uctio

ns

(Ton

nes)

Solar PV Traffic Lights (2x74Wp)

46 23 11.50 5.75 5.75 0.0051 4.14

Solar Blinkers (37Wp)

120 60 9.00 4.50 4.50 0.0033 2.70

Road Stud @ 1 stud in 2m for 50% of main road

25000 6250 75.00 37.50 37.50 0.03 22.78

4.4.2. Introducing Green Building features in new buildings A green building is one that utilizes its resources in as efficient a manner as possible, using as few natural resources as possible and conserving water, energy and managing waste. Passive design is an important feature to enable buildings to use lesser energy in their operation, and to reduce their impact on the surrounding environment. Development of green buildings is best done at the design and even pre-design stage itself, in order to ensure that measures are adopted in a comprehensive manner. However, at every stage of the building’s design, construction and operation, there are measures that can be taken to increase the building’s efficiency and to optimize its performance. Some such indicative measures are indicated in this chapter below.

A comprehensive green building design can target energy savings of 15-40% of a building’s overall energy consumption, and the extra capital costs incurred may be estimated at anywhere between 5-30% of the total project cost. However, the inclusion of green features into a building after construction has already begun may entail higher upfront costs. Please refer to the solar city guidebook (Chapter 5.10) for more information on energy efficient architecture and energy efficiency in buildings.

External shading elements Solar control is one of the most important considerations in the Indian sub-continent. Even in mild temperatures, keeping out excess sunlight is an important factor to prevent internal overheating. Shading can be designed such that the unwanted summer heat is excluded while the low-angle winter heat is allowed entry into the building, enabling passive solar heating and maintaining comfortable temperatures within the building. An analysis of the shading that is being provided in the building, and the installation of features such as louvers, sunshades, etc can be done at various stages of the building’s life cycle.

Glazing Optimum glazing in the windows is a key part of good building design. Proper glazing enables good day light entry into the building without excess heat. In colder weather, the entry of the right amount of the sun’s heat at the right time is also a useful passive design feature. Retrofit of the building’s windows and fenestration to include optimum glazing can go a long way in reducing the load on the building’s HVAC system and reduce its energy consumption.


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Energy efficient lighting, cooling and heating systems Installation of energy efficient fixtures will significantly reduce the energy consumption of a building. This measure has been elaborated upon in other sections of the master plan document.

Building Management Systems (BMS) Installation of a BMS enables the building owners to control all the features of the building’s functions from a single point. This enables an optimization of the building’s energy loads, water management systems, etc. the main barrier to the adoption of these systems is the high cost and technical know-how required in its set up and maintenance.

Water management and conservation Measures such as rainwater harvesting, grey water reuse, waterless urinals, etc can be incorporated into buildings to conserve water and electricity from pumping. While these measures are better incorporated at the design stage itself, they can also be retro fitted at a higher capital cost.

Waste management Composting of organic waste to use, as manure for garden areas is a simple and easy way to reduce the amount of waste that is sent to the municipal waste management system

Re-commissioning of existing buildings Re-commissioning of the systems within a functioning building will enable the building owner to check the performance and efficiency of the existing systems and identify measures for improvement and requirements for upgrading, if necessary. Re-commissioning at regular intervals is a crucial step in maintaining the performance of buildings.

Sustainability in practice Government may develop a manual of sustainable and energy efficient practices in order to allow the inhabitants of the building to use the building’s systems and features to their maximum potential, thereby increasing efficiency.

Roadmap for Development of Green Buildings Step 1: Environmental Design Consultant A list of architects and experts in green building design as suggested by MNRE has been place in Annexure 2. The Government of Manipur may contact with these experts for incorporation of green building features in the new buildings under construction.

Step 2: Incorporate Renewable Energy Systems Renewable Energy Devices such as solar PV system, solar water heating systems etc can be incorporated/ installed in the roofs/ open space in the new capital complexes. Appropriate system design and detailed project report need to be prepared for this purpose. Based on data provided by concerned government department a preliminary assessment has been carried out and recommendation has been made on approximate capacity of solar water heating system and solar PV systems that can be installed in these complexes.


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Step 3: Register for GRIHA Rating System24

:

GRIHA is an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment. GRIHA is a rating tool that helps people assesses the performance of their building against certain nationally acceptable benchmarks. It will evaluate the environmental performance of a building holistically over its entire life cycle, thereby providing a definitive standard for what constitutes a ‘green building’. The rating system, based on accepted energy and environmental principles, will seek to strike a balance between the established practices and emerging concepts, both national and international. The guidelines/criteria appraisal may be revised every three years to take into account the latest scientific developments during this period.

The system has been developed to help ‘design and evaluate’ new buildings (buildings that are still at the inception stages). A building is assessed based on its predicted performance over its entire life cycle – inception through operation. The stages of the life cycle that have been identified for evaluation are:

Pre-construction stage (intra- and inter-site issues like proximity to public transport, type of soil, kind of land, where the property is located, the flora and fauna on the land before construction activity starts, the natural landscape and land features)

Building planning and construction stages (issues of resource conservation and reduction in resource demand, resource utilization efficiency, resource recovery and reuse, and provisions for occupant health and well being). The prime resources that are considered in this section are land, water, energy, air, and green cover.

Building operation and maintenance stage (issues of operation and maintenance of building systems and processes, monitoring and recording of energy consumption, and occupant health and well being, and also issues that affect the global and local environment).

The benefits On a broader scale, this system, along with the activities and processes that lead up to it, will benefit the community at large with the improvement in the environment by reducing GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, reducing energy consumption and the stress on natural resources. Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner, user, and the society as a whole are as follows:

Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced soil

loss from erosion etc. Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits) Reduced water consumption Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse 24 http://www.grihaindia.org

http://www.grihaindia.org/�


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Reduced pollution loads Increased user productivity Enhanced image and marketability The green building rating system devised by TERI and the MNRE is a voluntary scheme. It has derived useful inputs from the upcoming mandatory voluntary building codes/guidelines being developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests), Government of India, and the Bureau of Indian Standards. The rating system aims to achieve efficient resource utilization, enhanced resource efficiency, and better quality of life in the buildings.

GRIHA is best incorporated at the design stage itself; however, Government of Manipur still incorporate green features, renewable energy devices and energy efficiency measures in the buildings and campuses of the newly built complexes and get it rated under GRIHA rating system. Please refer to the annexure 4 for registration format and required information for GRIHA rating.

It may also be noted that under the MNRE’s Green Buildings scheme, Urban Local Bodies may avail of 25-50 lakhs if they announce the intention to have a property tax rebate for building’s applying for the GRIHA rating, ensure all new government buildings in the city are developed under GRIHA rating, and agree to promote green building adoption in their city (Please refer to Annexure 3).

4.5. Waste to Energy Potential in Coimbatore Estimated solid waste generated in Coimbatore city is 650 MT/day. Potential energy recovery from MSW through different treatment methods could be estimated from its calorific value and organic fraction etc. Since relevant details are not available for Coimbatore, widely used estimates for municipal solid waste in India have been used for a preliminary assessment. However, waste to energy potential for the city is considered as an indicative assessment and not included in the strategy to achieve energy savings goal under solar city programme.

(i) Waste to Energy Potential through thermo-chemical conversion In thermo-chemical conversion all of the organic matter, biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable, contributes to the energy output. Total electrical energy generation potential is estimated to be 19 MWe and savings per year with 70% PLF is estimated as 116 MU.

Table 50: Waste to Energy through thermo-chemical conversion Unit Total waste generated 650 Tonnes Net Calorific Value (conservative estimate) 2400 kcal/kg Energy recovery potential ( NCV x W x 1000/860) 1813953 kWh Power generation potential 75581 kW Conversion efficiency 25% Net Power generation potential 18.90 MWe Plant Load Factor 70%


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Unit Net electrical energy savings potential @70% PLF 115.87 MU Emission reduction per year 93852 Tonnes Total Investment 13227 Lakh MNRE subsidy @ 50% subject to maximum of Rs.300.00 per MW 5669 Lakh State/City/Private Power Producer 7558 Lakh Cost savings 5214 Lakh Payback period 1.45 Years

(ii) Waste to Energy Potential through bio-methanation In bio-chemical conversion, only the biodegradable fraction of the organic matter can contribute to the energy output. It is estimated that a 7 MWe electrical energy generation is possible from this process which could save about 42 MU of energy every year assuming a 70% of PLF.

Table 51: Waste to Energy through bio-methanation Unit Total waste generated 650 Tonnes Total biodegradable volatile solid (VS) 30% Typical digestor efficiency 60% Typical bio-gas yield (m3 / kg. of VS destroyed) 0.80 CuM/kg Biogas yield 93600 CuM alorific Value of bio-gas 5000.00 kcal/CuM Energy recovery potential 544186.05 kWh Power generation potential 22674 kW Conversion efficiency 30% Net Power generation potential 6.80 MWe Plant Load Factor 70% Net electrical energy savings potential 41.71 MU Emission reduction per year 33787 Tonnes Total Investment 4081 Lakh MNRE subsidy @ R.200.00 lakh per MW 1360 Lakh State/City/Private Power Producer 2721 Lakh Cost savings 1877 Lakh Payback period 1.45 Years

(iii) Waste to Energy Potential from Sewage Treatment Plant Liquid waste generated in Coimbatore city is 50 MLD per day. It is estimated that a 1.74 MWe electrical energy generation is possible from Sewage Treatment Plant which could save about 10.7 MU of energy every year assuming a 70% of PLF.

Table 52: Liquid Waste to Energy Potential from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Unit Total waste water generated 50 MLD Total biodegradable organic/ Volatile Solid available for Biomethanation

50 Tonnes/day

Typical Digestion Efficiency 60% Typical Biogas yield 0.8 cum / kg Biogas yield 24000 Cum Electricity (kWh) 139534.88 kWh


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Unit Capacity of the plant 5813.95 KW Conversion Efficiency 30% Total Electricity Generated 1.74 MWe Plant Load Factor 70% Net electrical energy savings potential 10.70 MU Emission reduction per year 8663 Tonnes Total Investment 1046.51 Lakh MNRE subsidy @40% subject to maximum of Rs.200.00 lakh/ MW

348.84 Lakh

State/City/Private Power Producer 697.67 Lakh Cost savings 481.29 Lakh Payback period 1.45 Years

4.6. Technical Specification of renewable energy products Minimum requirement for installation of solar water heating systems in field The FPC based systems will be from BIS approved manufacturers and ETC/ Heat pipe based systems from MNRE approved manufacturers/suppliers. The Systems will have the following minimum requirements for installation under subsidy/ soft loan scheme of MNRE:

System will be well grouted/ clamped with collectors installed so as to enable it to sustain the highest wind pressure of that area.

All the collectors will be south facing inclined at suitable angle to give best performance in winter

There will not be any shadow falling on the collectors from nearby structures or of other collectors in front or back row

Hot water pipe lines of any kind in colder regions will be fully insulated from the point of drawl of water from tank to delivery points. In other regions also care will be taken to avoid heat losses from pipelines.

System will be installed nearest to the point of hot water usage to avoid longer pipeline & higher heat losses.

Where water quality is bad either FPC based systems with Heat Exchanger or ETC based systems will be installed.

The workmanship & aesthetics of the system will be good and it should be visible to anybody

Air vent pipe, make up water and cold water tanks will be installed as required for smooth functioning of the system

There won’t be any leakage observed in the system from tanks/ collectors/ pipelines

No electric back up will be provided in hot water storage tank at places where electric geysers are already installed. At places where electric geysers are not installed, electric back up could be provided in upper portion of storage tank, if necessary. Other option is to have an instant/ very small geyser in bathroom with outlet of solar hot water storage tank connected to its inlet and thermostat set at


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say 40° C. This will help consuming less amount of electricity during non-sunny days.

For more information on technical specifications of SWHs, please visit http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/minimum_technical_specicifications_ SWHS.pdf

Design and development of batteries for solar photovoltaic For standards relating to the design and development of batteries for Solar Photovoltaic, please visit - http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/report_batteries_solar_ photovoltaic_applications.pdf

4.7. Wind Energy Potential in Coimbatore

4.7.1. Sites classification On the basis of field surveys, the identified sites have been classified according to the range of capacities of wind turbines that are recommended for installations at those particular sites. The classification has been done as follows

Small Wind Turbine 1-20 KW Medium Wind Turbine 250-600 KW Large Wind Turbine 750-2100 KW

The sites which are scarcely populated and have huge vacant area available are recommended for medium size wind turbines, whereas densely populated areas will lot of buildings and obstructions are recommended for small wind turbines which can be easily placed on the roof-top of these buildings. Also in case of marshy lands, only the boundaries of the area are considered. Following tables provide the classification of the sites identified.

Table 53: Sites recommended for medium size wind turbines Sl No.

Place Turbine recommended

Capacity of (kW)

No. of Wind

Turbines

Total Capacity

(kW) 1. Kuruchikulam Medium 250 17 4250 2. Coimbatore integrated waste

management plant Medium 250 42 10500

3. Signallur Lake Medium 250 19 4750 4. Madathur Cricket Ground near

bimetal bearings Medium 250 6 1500

5. Muthannankulam Medium 250 3 750 6. Landfill area; Erucompany-

kavundapalyan Medium 250 2 500

7. Kallapatti-sitra road Medium 250 1 250 8. ACC Mines area Medium 250 38 9500 12000

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/minimum_technical_specicifications_%20SWHS.pdf�

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/minimum_technical_specicifications_%20SWHS.pdf�

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/report_batteries_solar_%20photovoltaic_applications.pdf�

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Table 54: Sites recommended for small size turbines Sl. No.

Place Turbine recommended

Capacity of (kW)

No. of Wind

Turbines

Total Capacity

(kW) 1. Bharathiar University Small 5.4 261 1409.40 2. Kumaraguru college Small 5.4 84 453.60 3. SNS College Small 5.4 10 540 4. Karpagam College Small 5.4 24 129.60 5. Tamil Nadu Agricultural

university Small 5.4 243 1312.20

9. Ukkadam kulam Small 20 31 620 10. Ellaikaruparayan temple Small 20 11 220 11. Central jail Small 20 43 860 5058.80

Table 55: Sites recommended for large wind turbines Sl. No. Place Turbine

recommended 1. End of wind farms, chinnakuyili Large 2. Edayarpalyam Large 3. By the side of Laxminayakanpalayam Large 4. Arasampalyam Large 5. Kethanur Large 6. Pullvadi Large 7. Pongalur Large

4.8. Research and Development Focus for Renewable Energy Technologies

As substantial strides towards urban sustainability continue to be made through the Solar Cities program in India, socially inclusive and economically feasible developments demand intelligible investments in R&D towards innovative renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. From the Indian perspective, technologies that are cost effective, low on maintenance and socio-economically suitable to the market environment provide a higher possibility of imparting sustainable advantage overtime. Different technologies have earned different R&D focus as shown in the table below:

Technology Current R&D focus Future R&D focus

Solar PV25

• Improvement in theoretical efficiency and performance of PV cells

• Improvement in cost-effectiveness through innovative material research like thin-film through resolution of manufacturing and material issues

• Solar thermal technology development for industrial process

• Improvement in technical ability of PV systems for large-scale and financially feasible installations in developing markets

• Cost reduction, performance improvement and integrated solutions

• Focus on user acceptance and innovative, cheap and non-toxic material development

25 http://www.icsu.org/publications/reports-and-reviews/ispre-photovoltaic-wind/ISPRE_Photovoltaic_and_Wind.pdf


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heat • Improved solar insolation

measurement systems

• Collaborative research towards realignment and re-ideation of RE technologies for locally appropriate applications

Wind26

• Cost reduction through material research

• Social acceptance and environmental externalities

• Energy storage and improvements in reliability and protection

• Design iterations for performance improvement

• Practical hybrid systems which are cost effective

• Large wind turbine designs including off-shore technologies

• Remote location wind energy system designs

• Wind energy systems for high penetration operations

Bio-related27

• Cost reduction in Biofuels production

• Development of environmentally safe synthetic Biofuels

• Conversion of new types of feedstock into novel bio-fuels and bio-materials

• Formulation of industrial scale producible (i.e. cost-effective) Biofuels

• Development of new knowledge partnerships in Biofuels research

• Interlinking food and energy supply with Biofuels research to aid spillover effects

• Integration of oil industry with agribusinesses towards change in global fuel production trends.

26 http://www.icsu.org/publications/reports-and-reviews/ispre-photovoltaic-wind/ISPRE_Photovoltaic_and_Wind.pdf

27 http://ecnr.berkeley.edu/vfs/PPs/Sexton-Ste/web/renewable_tech.pdf


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CHAPTER 5 This chapter delves into Energy Efficiency strategy for residential, commercial, industrial and municipal sector of Coimbatore city. The chapter later develops the strategies for Coimbatore city based on the Energy conservation and Energy Efficiency measures in the city and the baseline energy consumption and future energy demands of the city.

5. Energy Efficiency Strategies for Coimbatore

While renewable energy technologies would provide clean energy, EE and DSM measures would help in reducing the energy demand. Energy Efficiency (EE) initiatives are the most financially feasible energy saving options in India today. In this report the EE measures have been thoroughly analyzed for all the four sectors, i.e. residential, commercial, industrial as well as municipal. The financial and technical analysis is provided for each strategy suggested in all the sectors. The list of EE and DSM measures suggested for different sectors is given below:

Residential Sector Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE water pumps Reduce energy consumption in existing private buildings Reduce energy consumption in all new construction Commercial and institutional building Sector Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE water pumps Industrial Sector Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs Energy efficiency in motors, furnaces, boilers, etc.

Municipal Sector Replacement of 150 watt HPSV with LEDs Replacement of 40 watt T8/T12 tube lights with T5 tube lights


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Sensors for automatic on/off of street lights Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads Installation of variable speed drivers Power saver installation in pump house Plugging of leakages in the water supply system and use of efficient pumps and

motors Energy Efficiency Measures in WTP

A sector-wise techno-economic analysis of potential energy efficiency and DSM measures has been carried out.

5.1. EE Strategy for Residential sector Residential sector consumes largest amount of energy. Important proven and cost effective measures for the sector are described in this section. Based on the survey, it was found that incandescent lights are still used a lot in the residential sector. Utilizing the survey data the savings due to replacement of incandescent lamps with CFL are calculated and are presented in the table below.

(i) Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent Incandescent bulbs are the major and the most common source of high-energy consumption in the residential area. Replacement of incandescent lamps has acquired a substantial precedence in all the energy efficiency strategies as the most feasible option. The techno-commercial details for replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFL are given below. 100% households using incandescent bulbs have been considered as target group for replacements.

Table 56: Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent Particulars Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household using incandescent bulb 42% Target to replace incandescent bulb with CFL 100% Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per household 4 Nos. Total number of incandescent bulb to be replaced 521355 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 782 Lakh Energy saved by replacing 60W bulb with 15W CFL 51379492 kWh Cost of electricity savings 1798 Lakh Payback period 0.43 Years Emission reduction per year 41617 Tonnes

(ii) T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic

Ballast A conventional tube light (with magnetic ballast consuming 15W) consumes around 55 watts. It can be replaced with T5 tube (28W) with electronic ballast (4W) which will require around 32W. The calculations have been done for a period of 5 years assuming replacement of T 12 /T8 tube lights in 80% households using T12/T8 tube lights.


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Table 57: T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace T12/T8 tube light+ Magnetic Ballast

Particulars Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household using T8/T12 tube lights 94% Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights 80% Number of T8/T12 to be replaced per household 2 Nos. Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced 470311 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 2352 Lakh Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5 (with electronic ballast)

15793036 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 553 Lakh Payback period 4.25 Years Emission reduction per year 12792 Tonnes

(iii) Efficient ceiling fans to replace conventional ceiling fans Replacing conventional fans with star rated fans can save substantial amount of electrical energy and money. The financial and technical analysis for replacement of conventional ceiling fans in residential sector of Coimbatore city assuming replacement of old ceiling fans with star rated ones for 50% households.

Table 58: Efficient Ceiling Fans to Replace Conventional Ceiling Fans Particulars Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household using Conventional Fans 91.44% Target to replace CF by EE Fans 50% Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per household 300 Nos. Total number of Conventional Fans to be replaced 429306.2618 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 6440 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Fans by EE Fans 23182538 kWh Cost of electricity savings 811 Lakh Payback period 8 Years Emission reduction per year 18778 Tonnes

(iv) Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs Due to moderate to cold weather, use of air conditioner is not common in Coimbatore. Survey results show that 14% of residential households use air conditioners. These air conditioners can be replaced by start rated energy efficient air conditioners. The replacement target is 50% households using air conditioners.

Table 59: Replacement of conventional air-conditioners with EE star rated ACs

Particulars Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household using Conventional AC 14% Target to replace Conventional Acs by EE star rated AC 50% Number of Conventional ACs to be replaced per household

1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional ACs to be replaced 21236 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 5838 Lakh


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Particulars Unit Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated ACs

8600538 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 301 Lakh Payback period 19 Years Emission reduction per year 6966 Tonnes

(v) Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators One of the most common appliance used in homes are the refrigerators. With increasing affordability refrigerators have become an indispensable item in most Indian households. They come in the capacity range of 200-400 liters. These days many BEE star rated energy efficient refrigerators are available in the Indian market. About 59% households use refrigerator and replacement of 50 % of those refrigerator with star rated ones will save on average 44MU electricity every year.

Table 60: Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators

Particulars Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household using Conventional Refrigerators 58.96% Target to replace Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated Refrigerators

50%

Number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced per household

1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced 92263 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 10380 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated Refrigerators

43732517 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 1531 Lakh Payback period 7 Years Emission reduction per year 35423.3 Tonnes

(vi) Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps Survey in Coimbatore has shown that residential households use water pumps of 1.5 HP capacities which have an approximate electrical consumption of 2.2 kWh. Assuming 45% households in Coimbatore use water pumps, 50% replacement of conventional pumps by energy efficient pumps have been targeted for energy savings that have been estimated to be 10.7MU in one year.

Table 61: Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps

Unit Total Residential household 312983 Nos. Household using Water Pumps 45% Target to replace Conventional Water Pump by EE Pump 50% Number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced per household

1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced 98121 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 1962.42 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Water Pumps by 10744227 kWh


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Unit EE Water Pumps Cost of electricity savings 376.05 Lakh Payback period 5.22 Years Emission reduction per year 8703 Tonnes

(vii) Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector The estimated potential of energy savings in the residential sector through energy efficiency measures is 153MU per year which is alone can meet 31.81% of the target of 482.35 MU energy savings in five years in Coimbatore City. The reduction of emission through EE measures in residential sector is 124280 tonnes per year. Replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFL, conventional fans, refrigerators and air conditioners with star rated one is the most potential scope for energy savings.

Table 62: Summary of EE Strategy in Residential Sector EE Measures in residential sector Unit Target

Capacity Investment (Lacs INR)

Amount of

Energy Saved (MU)

Emissions Reduction (Tonnes)

Replacement of 60 watt incandescent with 15 watt CFL

Nos. 521355 782 51 41617

Replacement of T12/T8 with T5 FTL Nos. 470311 2352 16 12792 Replacement of conventional Fans with EE star rated fans

Nos. 429306 6440 23 18778

Replacement of conventional AC with EE star rated AC

Nos. 21236 5838 9 6966

Replacement of conventional refrigerator with EE star rated refrigerator

Nos. 92263 10380 44 35423

Installation of EE water pump Nos. 98121 1962 11 8703 27753 153 124280

5.2. EE Strategy for Government and Municipal Sector Government establishments and Municipal services annually incur huge expenditures on electricity consumption. Hence energy efficiency has become the call of the day for municipal organizations in India, owing to growing city needs. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency in India has already come out with the Manual for development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects. Energy conservation drives in government buildings and municipal utilities will become an exemplary initiative for similar activities in the city. As a high visibility and administration center Municipal bodies across India should go ahead in implementing the strategies and replicating the success stories. Tamil Nadu government has already taken few initiatives to save energy in government buildings. It is now mandatory that all government establishment CFL in place of incandescent bulbs. The following efficiency measures are suggested in government and municipal sector.


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5.2.1. EE measures in Street Lighting (i) Replacement of 250 W HPSV with 200 W Induction lamps Replacement of about 15000 250W HPSV lamps with 200W Induction lamps to be used in Street lights can save 3.3MU of electricity per year reducing 2660 tonnes of GHG per year.

Table 63: Replacing 250 W HPSV with 200W Induction lamps Unit Total number of 250 watt HPSV 14998 Nos. Target to replace HPSV lamp with Induction Lamp 100% Total number of 200 watt Induction Lamp needed 14998 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 3802 Lakh Energy saved by replacing 250 watt HPSV with 200 watt Induction Lamp

3284562 kWh


(ii) Replacement of 150 W and 125 W HSPV with 100 W Induction lamps Replacement of about 300 150 W and 125 W HPSV lamps with 100W Induction lamps to be used in Street lights can save 0.06MU of electricity per year reducing 46 tonnes of GHG per year.

Table 64: Replacing 150 & 125 W HPSV with 100 W Induction lamps Unit Total number of 150 & 125 watt HPSV 259 Nos. Target to replace 150 & 125 watt HPSV with 100 watt Induction lamp

100%

Total number of 100 watt induction lamp needed 259 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 54 Lakh Energy saved by replacing 150 & 125 HPSV with 100 watt induction lamp

56721 kWh


Street lighting is one of the major sources of energy consumption in municipal area. HPSV lamps of 400W, 250W, 150W, 70W and 40W fluorescent tubes are mostly used as streetlights to lighten the city area. Different energy conservation measures could be taken up for electricity savings in street lighting systems. Commonly practiced energy conservation measures are discussed below.

(iii) Replacement of 40 W tube lights with 25 W LED lamps The extended jurisdictional area under the CMC limits will be implemented with energy conservancy measures through replacements of 40W tube light with 25 W LED street lights. The area currently has 22925 numbers of street lights and a target of 100% replacement is proposed with an investment of INR 4956 Lakh. The payback period for such an investment considering the savings in cost of energy, reduction in O&M cost of


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LED etc is evaluated at 14.7 years. A summary of potential savings, investment, payback and potential reduction of GHG from power savers are given in the table below

Particulars Unit Total number of 40 W tube lights 22925 Nos. Target to replace 40 W tube lights by 25 W LED lamps

100%

Total number of 25 watt LED lamp needed 22925 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 4856 Lakh Savings in lower replacement costs in 25 W LED 282 Lakh Energy saved 1380658 kWh Cost of electricity savings 48 Lakh Total cost savings 330 Lakh Payback period 14.70 Years Emission reduction per year 45.94 Tonnes

(iv) Use of Power savers for HPSV Street Lights Using power savers can save about 30% electricity in the HPSV street lighting systems. There are 21603 numbers of HPSV street lights in Coimbatore excluding those under proposal for being replaced as detailed above. A summary of potential savings, investment, payback and potential reduction of GHG from power savers are given in the table below.

Table 65: Power saver for HPSV streetlights Wattage Unit 400 W

(High mast SVL)

400W 70 W Total

Total no of street lights No.s 16 113 21474 21603 Load KW 6 45 1503 1555 Electricity Consumption kWh 25696 181478 6035268 6242442 No of 25 KVA Power Saver Required

No.s 0.32 2.26 75.16 78

Cost of each 20 KVA Power Saver is INR 0.85 Lakh each

INR Lakh 0.3 1.9 63.9 66

Energy Saved kWh 7708.8 54443.4 1810580.31 1872732.5 Cost of Energy Saved INR Lakh 0.3 1.9 63.4 66 Payback Period years 1.01 1.01 1.01 Emissions Saved Tonnes 6.24 44.10 1466.57 1517

(v) Use of Power savers for MHL fittings Metal Halide Lamp fittings are generally used at traffic junctions where they’re mounted in a tall pole for illumination. These are compact and can be subjected to efficient use when used with a power saver pack. A summary of potential savings, investment, payback and potential reduction of GHG from power savers are given in the table below


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Table 66: Power saver for MHL fittings Wattage Unit 400 W 250 W Total Total no of street lights No.s 534 307 841 Load KW 214 77 291 Electricity Consumption kWh 857604 308151 1165755 No of 25 KVA power Saver Required No.s 10.68 3.84 15 Cost of each 20 KVA power saver is INR 0.85 Lakh each

INR Lakh 907800 326187.5 1233987.5

Energy Saved kWh 257281.2 92445.38 349727 Cost of Energy Saved INR Lakh 900484.2 323558.8 1224043 Payback Period years 1.01 1.01 Emissions Saved Tonnes 208.40 74.88 283.3

(vi) Use of Power savers for CFLs Under the energy conservation measures of the Corporation of Coimbatore, CFLs were extensive replacements for street lights in the recent past. Use of power saver packs on these equipments renders them more efficient and increases their life. A summary of potential savings, investment, payback and potential reduction of GHG from power savers are given in the table below

Table 67: Power saver for CFLs Wattage Unit 250 W 4*24 W 72 W 36 W Total Total no of street lights No.s 3358 41 75 358 3832 Load KW 840 4 5 13 862 Electricity Consumption kWh 3370593 15803.0 21681 51745 3459822 No of 25 KVA power Saver Required

No.s 41.975 0.1968 0.27 0.6444 43.0862

Cost of each 20 KVA power saver is INR 0.85 Lakh each

INR Lakh

3567875 16728 22950 54774 3662327

Energy Saved kWh 1011177.8 4740.912 6504.3 15523.6 1037946.6

Cost of Energy Saved INR Lakh

3539122 16593.19 22765.05 54332.59 3632813

Payback Period years 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 Emissions Saved Tonnes 819.05 3.84 5.27 12.57 840.74

(vii) Use of Power savers for T5 Tube Lights and Other tubes A summary of potential savings, investment, payback and potential reduction of GHG from power savers are given in the table below.

Wattage Unit T 5 Tube Lights Total Total no of street lights No.s 534 194 728 Load KW 51 23 74 Electricity Consumption kWh 205825 93469 299294 No of 25 KVA power Saver Required No.s 2.5632 1.164 3.73 Cost of each 20 KVA power saver is INR 0.85 Lakh each

INR Lakh 217872 98940 316812

Energy Saved kWh 61747 28041 89788 Cost of Energy Saved INR Lakh 216116 98143 314259 Payback Period years 1 1 -


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Wattage Unit T 5 Tube Lights Total Emissions Saved Tonnes 50 23 73

(viii) Sensors for automatic on/off of street lights Automatic streetlights ensure that lights turned on during daytime do not waste energy. Many streetlights in India face this predicament due to faulty manually controlled streetlights. Manual control involves labor costs, energy wastes and poor efficiency; hence Municipal street lights should hasten the process of installing automatic sensors. Solar sensors are the new and upcoming products in the market today and should be applied by municipalities for higher efficiency in the operation and maintenance of municipal streetlights. Coimbatore city showed predominantly manual control of municipal streetlights and hence it is highly recommended for switch over to automatic sensors preferably solar automatic sensors.

5.2.2. Energy Efficiency Measures in Water Pumping Water pumping is one of the major utility practices which consume high energy. The energy efficiency initiatives for water pumping in India have been going on for quite some time. BEE state in its Manual for Development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects states that 25% energy savings can be obtained from initiatives in water systems alone. In Karnataka Municipal energy efficiency Improvement initiatives, water pumping has been addressed. This has been further taken up as a Municipal Energy efficiency CDM project. The effort can be replicated throughput other municipalities sin India. This would bring about a lot of energy savings in water pumping utilities.

(i) Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads)

Proper water pumping design can bring about lots of energy savings in the running and maintenance cost of water pump systems. Careful designing is required to assess the volume of water to be pumped and the height it needs to be raised to. Fluid piping soft wares can be utilized for designing water pumps in Municipal bodies. A 20% saving is assumed for design based energy efficiency of water pumping systems. The techno-economics given below for this initiative is based on this assumption.

Table 68: Proper pump-system design (efficient Pump, pumps heads with system heads)

Standard/Recommended Condition Value Annual Energy Consumption in MU 16.95 Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs) 593.25 Saving % 20% Total Annual Saving in MU 3.39 Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 118.65 Emission Reduction 2745.9

(ii) Installation of variable speed drivers Dimension and adjustment losses are two of the major energy loss sources in pumping processes. Adjusting pump speed or using Variable Speed Driver to adjust speed is one way to decreasing both the aforementioned losses in pumping processes. An assumption of


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5% savings is taken to provide the financial and technical details of installing variable speed drivers in municipal water pumping systems in Coimbatore City.

Table 69: Variable Speed Drivers Standard/Recommended Condition Value Annual Energy Consumption in MU 16.95 Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs) 593.25 Saving % 5% Total Annual Saving in MU 0.8475 Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 29.6625 Emission Reduction 686.475

(iii) Power saver installation in pump house An assumption of 15% savings is taken as the energy saving potential for installing power saver in municipal pump houses. The following techno-economics is based on this assumption.

Table 70: Power saver installation in pump house Standard/Recommended Condition Value Annual Energy Consumption in MU 16.95 Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs) 593.25 Saving % 15% Total Annual Saving in MU 2.5425 Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 88.9875 Emission Reduction 2059.43

5.2.3. Energy Efficiency measures in Sewerage plants

(i) Installation of variable speed drives Assuming savings of about 5% the financial and technical details of installing variable speed drivers in municipal sewer pumping systems in Coimbatore City is calculated below

Table 71: Variable speed drives Standard/Recommended Condition Value Annual Energy Consumption in MU 2.14 Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs) 74.9 Saving % 5% Total Annual Saving in MU 0.11 Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 3.75 Emission Reduction 87

(ii) Power saver installation in pump house It is assumed that 15% of saving is obtained when power savers are installed in the sewerage pumping systems. The following techno-economics is based on this assumption.


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Table 72: Power saver installation in pump house Standard/Recommended Condition Value Annual Energy Consumption in MU 2.14 Annual Energy Cost in Rs. (lacs) 74.9 Saving % 15% Total Annual Saving in MU 0.321 Annual Saving in Rs. (lacs) 11.24 Emission Reduction 260

1.1.1. Summary of EE Strategy for Government and Municipal Sector The energy savings potential through energy efficiency measures in municipal sector is 15.71MU in five years which is about 3.26% of total target to achieve reducing emission through reduction of 11651.2 tonnes of GHG per year.

Table 73: Summary of EE Strategy for Government and municipal sector

EE Measures No. of replacements

Investment (Lakh)

Electricity Saved (MU)

Emissions Saved

(Tonnes) Indicative cost of replacing 250 watt HPSV with 200 watt induction lamps

14998 3802 3.28 2660

Indicative cost of replacing 150/125 watt HPSV with 100 watt induction lamps

259 54 0.06 46

Indicative cost of replacing 40W tube lights with 25 W LED lamps

22925 4856 1.38 46

Pumping system improvement in existing water supply facility

- - 6.78 5491.8

Pumping system improvement in existing sewage system facility

- - 0.86 693

Use of power saver in street lighting

139 118.21 3.35 2714

15.71 11651.20

5.3. EE Strategy for Commercial and Institutional Sector The commercial and institutional sector comprises primarily of institutes, shops, markets, hotels and restaurants. Thus efficiency and conservation have to be addressed in existing and new buildings to affect overall demand and consumption reduction. Energy efficiency in the commercial sector is also hugely dependent on replacement of conventional equipment with more energy efficient appliances. All kinds of building sectors are available in Coimbatore ranging from hotels, hospitals, shops, malls, hostels, educational institutes and restaurants. The strategies here target all these building types in Coimbatore.

(i) Replace Incandescent Lamps with Fluorescent CFL usage has been widespread in the last few years and it is high time that all commercial establishments should voluntarily replace the high energy consuming


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incandescent lamps with CFLs. From survey results we have assumed that 16% of the commercial sector establishments use incandescent bulbs and 100% of establishment use T8/T12 tube lights. A target to replace 80% of the incandescent bulbs and 80% of T8/T12 tubes in these households with CFLs is assumed to give the calculations below.

Table 74: Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent Particulars Unit Total Commercial Consumers 98056 Nos. Consumers using incandescent bulb 16% Target to replace incandescent bulb with CFL 80% Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per consumer 10 Nos. Total number of incandescent bulb to be replaced 125512 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 188 Lakh Energy saved by replacing 60W bulb with 15W CFL 10166446 kWh Cost of electricity savings 508 Lakh Payback period 0.37 years Emission reduction 8235 Tonnes

Table 75: Replace T12/T8 tube light by T5 tube light Particulars Unit Total Commercial Consumers 98056 Nos. Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights 100% Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights 80% Number of T8/T12 to be replaced per consumer 2 Nos. Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced 156890 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 784 Lakh Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5 (with electronic ballast)

4330153 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 217 Lakh Payback period 3.62 years Emission reduction 3507 Tonnes

(ii) Replacement of inefficient fans Analysis of the sample survey of Coimbatore city reveals 99% consumers use fans during summer. Assuming 15% of the conventional fans in the commercial sector of Coimbatore can be replaced with more energy efficient fans the following techno-commercials have been calculated.

Table 76: Replacement of Conventional Fans Particulars Unit Total Commercial Consumers 98056 Nos. Consumers using Conventional Fans 99% Target to replace CF by EE Fans 15% Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per consumer

3 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Fans to be replaced 39316 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 590 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Fans by EE Fans

1376044 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 68 Lakh


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Particulars Unit Payback period 8.57 years Emission reduction 1115 Tonnes

(iii) Replacement of conventional air conditioners with EE star rated ones About 33 % of the commercial units in Coimbatore City use air conditioning units. Assuming the replacement of 10% of the air-conditioning units with star rated air conditioning units the figures related to installments and energy savings are given below.

Table 77: Replacement of Air conditioners with star rated ones Particulars Unit Total Commercial Consumers 98056 Nos. Consumers using Conventional ACs 33% Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated ACs 10% Number of Conventional ACs to be replaced per industrial unit

5 Nos.

Total number of Conventional ACs to be replaced 16326 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 4488 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated ACs

6612161 kWh


(iv) Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators Refrigerators in commercial sector are restricted to the food outlets, restaurants, hotels, guest houses, and ice-cream parlors. General trend reveals that the refrigerators of the range of 200-400 W are found in the commercial sector of Coimbatore City. Approximately 41% of the consumers own a refrigerator and a target of replacing 25% refrigerators has been taken to show the energy saving potential of replacing conventional refrigerators in commercial sector of Coimbatore city.

Table 78: Replacement of Conventional Refrigerators with EE Star Rated Refrigerators

Particulars Unit Total Commercial Consumers 98056 Nos. Consumers using Conventional Refrigerators 41% Target to replace Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated Refrigerators

25%

Number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced per consumer

1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Refrigerators to be replaced 10051 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 1131 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Refrigerators by EE Star Rated Refrigerators

4764051 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 238 Lakh Payback period 5 years Emission reduction 3859 Tonnes


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(v) Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps About 30% of the commercial units use water pumps. If a target of 25% is made in order to replace the inefficient water pumps with efficient star rated water pumping equipments then the following techno-commercial details ensue which are calculated below.

Table 79: Replacement of conventional water pumps with EE star rated water pumps

Particulars Unit Total Commercial consumers 98056 Nos. Household using Water Pumps 30% Target to replace Conventional Water Pump by EE Pump 25% Number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced per household

1 Nos.

Total number of Conventional Pumps to be replaced 10296 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 206 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Water Pumps by EE Water Pumps

926629 kWh


(vi) Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial & Institutional Sector The estimated energy savings potential from commercial and institutional sector through energy efficiency measures is 58MU in five years, which is about 12% of total target to be achieved. Potential for GHG reduction is 46846 tonnes per year with an investment of Rs. 26717 lakh.

Table 80: Summary of EE Strategy in Commercial and Institutional Sector

EE Measures No. of equipments

Investment (INR)

Electricity Saved (MU)

Emissions Saved

(Tonnes) Replacement of 100 watt incandescent with 15 watt CFL

125512 188 10 8235

Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights with T5 FTL

156890 784 4 3507

Replacement of conventional fans with EE fans

39316 590 1.38 1115


16326 4488 6.61 5356

Replacement of conventional refrigerators with EE star rated refrigerators

10051 1131 5 3859

Installation of EE water pumps 10296 206 1 751 Total 7387 28.18 22822

5.4. EE Strategy for Industrial Sector Coimbatore has 19779 small-scale industrial units. Majority of these industries are not energy intensive. Energy savings potential lies primarily with lighting and comfort.


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(i) Replacement of incandescent with CFLs As per sample survey only 35% of the industries use incandescent bulbs as lighting appliances which need to be replaced by CFLs. Following table indicates the techno-commercial proposition for this replacement.

Table 81: Replacement of incandescent with CFLs in Industrial sector Particulars Unit Total Industrial Consumers 19779 Nos. Consumers using incandescent bulb 35% Target to replace incandescent bulb with CFL 80% Number of incandescent bulb to be replaced per consumer 25 Nos. Total number of incandescent bulb to be replaced 138453 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 277 Lakh Energy saved by replacing 100W bulb with 20W CFL 29905848 kWh Cost of electricity savings 1495 Lakh Payback period 0.19 Years Emission reduction 24224 Tonnes

(ii) Replacement of T8/T12 by T5 tube lights The T12 and T8 tube lights are also frequently used in the industrial sector in Coimbatore city. Survey results show that almost 90% consumers use these appliances. The energy saving potential by replacement of T12 and T8 with more efficient T5 tube lights is calculated below assuming a replacement of 90% appliances in target industries. . Following table indicates the techno-commercial proposition for this replacement

Table 82: Replacement of T8/T12 tube lights Particulars Unit Total Industrial Consumers 19779 Nos. Consumers using T8/T12 tube lights 90% Target to replace T8/T12 by T5 tube lights 90% Number of T8/T12 to be replaced per consumer 40 Nos. Total number of T8/T12 tube lights to be replaced 640840 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 3204 Lakh Energy saved by replacing T8/T12(with magnetic ballast) with T5 (with electronic ballast)

22595363 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 1130 Lakh Payback period 2.84 Years Emission reduction 18302 Tonnes

(iii) Replacement of Conventional Fans by EE Star Rated Fans About 74% of industrial units use conventional fan which should be replaced by star rated energy efficient fans. . Following table indicates the techno-commercial proposition for this replacement.

Table 83: Replacement of conventional fans by EE star rated fans Particulars Unit Total Commercial Consumers 19779 Nos. Consumers using Conventional Fans 74% Target to replace CF by EE Fans 25% Number of Conventional fan to be replaced per consumer 15 Nos.


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Particulars Unit Total number of Conventional Fans to be replaced 53972 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 810 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional Fans by EE Fans 2590653 kWh Cost of electricity savings 130 Lakh Payback period 6 Years Emission reduction 2098 Tonnes

(iv) Replacement of conventional air conditioners with EE star rated ones About 13 % of the industrial units in Coimbatore City use air conditioning units. Assuming the replacement of 50% of the air-conditioning units with star rated air conditioning units the figures related to installments and energy savings are given below.

Table 84: Replacement of Air conditioners with star rated ones Particulars Unit Total Industrial Consumers 19779 Nos. Consumers using Conventional ACs 13% Target to replace Conventional ACs by EE star rated ACs 25% Number of Conventional ACs to be replaced per industrial unit

5 Nos.

Total number of Conventional ACs to be replaced 3214 Nos. Indicative cost of installation 884 Lakh Energy saved by replacing Conventional ACs by EE Star Rated ACs

1301705 kWh

Cost of electricity savings 65 Lakh Payback period 14 Years Emission reduction 1054 Tonnes

(v) Thermal Energy Conservation in Industrial sector Coimbatore is famous for its textile industries and engineering output. The industrial sector largely comprises of cotton textile manufacturing related enterprises which constitute 75% of the industrial composition in Coimbatore. The main sources of energy in the Industrial sector are electricity, diesel and petrol and with demand for these expected to rise, especially for diesel; the energy conservation measures in the industrial sector can prove to be beneficial from an economic and environmental point of view. Hence, in this section, strategies that can be easily adopted by energy intensive industries in Coimbatore as a means of abating their energy demand by conserving energy in their manufacturing and other processes is proposed.

Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) is considered as one of the most feasible interventions that can be introduced as an energy efficiency initiative. WHR systems render an ease of energy reuse from processes which generate it by re-routed it into another process obviating wasteful release into the ambience causing possible environmental degradation and also saving costs in the process. Some possible systems that can be used through intervening mechanisms after proper feasibility studies are listed hereunder alongside their corresponding expected benefits.


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Waste Heat Recovery – Pressurized Hot Water Generator D. G. Sets 750 KVA 2 Nos. Exhaust Temperature 450o C Heat Recovery 470000 Kcal/hr. Working Hrs. / Day 8 Hrs. Annual Savings INR 44 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Steam Boiler D. G. Sets 750 KVA 2 Nos. Exhaust Temperature 500o C Heat Recovery 380000 Kcal/hr. Annual Savings INR 44 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Air Preheater on Thermo Pack Capacity 20 Lakh Kcal/hr. FO. Firing Rate 180 Kg/hr Exhaust Temperatures 250 Dec. Heat Recovery 65000 Kcal/hr Annual Savings INR 12 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Steam Boiler on Furnace Exhaust Equipment Decarb Furnace Exhaust Temperatures 280o C Heat Recovery 22000 Kcal/hr Annual Savings INR 9 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Air Preheater on Steam Boiler Capacity 500 kg/hr at 40 kg / cm2 Exhaust Temperatures 350o C Heat Recovery 30000 Kcal/hr Annual Savings INR 7.5 Lakhs

Waste Heat Recovery – Hot Water Generator Equipment Hot Treatment Furnace Exhaust Temperatures 400o C HSD Firing Rate 40 kg / hr Heat Recovery 100000 Kcal / hr. Annual Savings INR 16 Lakhs

Source: http://www.energyconservation.co.in/waste-heat-recovery-systems-on-furnace-case-studies.html

Table 85: Thermal Energy Conservation strategies Measures Description Expected impact General • Exercise regular energy

audits • Pre-heat oil for proper

combustion. Make sure that there are no leaks and filter oil

• Use low pressure burners

• Plugging of leaks saves almost 2000 liters of oil per year

• Proper combustion of oil improves combustion efficiency

• Low pressure burners save 15% of oil in furnaces

http://www.energyconservation.co.in/waste-heat-recovery-systems-on-furnace-case-studies.html�


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Measures Description Expected impact Furnace • Control excess air in the

furnace • Undertake proper design of

lids and insulation of the furnace

• Avoid escape of heat through openings or holes in the furnace body

• Excess air control in the furnace helps reduce fuel consumption that amounts to a saving of Rs. 3 Lakh/year

• Heat loss reduction through insulation improves fuel efficiency

• Plugging of furnace holes and gaps results in 10%-15% reduction in losses respectively

Boiler • Removal of soot deposits • Recover heat from steam

condensate • Administer proper boiler

control • Use treated water in

boilers • Avoid escape of

steam/heat

• Soot deposits removal can avoid 2.5% increase in fuel consumption that occurs without such removal

• Heat from steam condensate helps save 1% of fuel per 6°C rise in boiler temperature

• Treated water forms less or no scales on the boiler interior which usually causes reduction of 5%-8% in fuel consumption

• Steam loss causes huge losses annually which can be avoided by plugging holes in the boiler system

DG sets • Regularly service injection pump, nozzle, filters

• Monitor fuel consumption per kWh of electricity

• Faulty injection pump, nozzle and blocked filters can cause reduction is fuel usage efficiency by 2gm/kWh and can be saved by regular checks

• A rising trend of fuel consumption against per kWh of electricity indicates poor system performance which needs above mentioned system checks

Compressed air

• This is a highly energy intensive process and should only be sued for justifiable processes

• Ensure low inlet air temperature and low discharge pressure

• Ensure no leaks in the pipe system leading to or from the compressor

• Monitor compressor output against per kWh of electricity

• Avoid use of compressed air for cleaning • Control of inlet air temperature and

discharge pressure saved fuel by up to 1% and 5% respectively.

• Leaks in pipes causes pressure loss and hence system inefficiency

• System inefficiency tends to fail overtime and monitoring helps take corrective action

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

• External measures like air curtains, automatic door closures, double glazed windows, polyester sun films etc.

• Maintain condensers for proper hear exchange

• Proper utilization of air conditioned/refrigerated space

• Use of waste heat from

• External measures reduce air conditioning/refrigeration load of buildings

• Evaporated temperature heat loss causes rise of specific power consumption in condensers by 15%

• Regulation in cooling load within the cooling space improves efficiency of refrigeration

• Use of continuous duty compressor during active duty and use of others on standby


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Measures Description Expected impact steam and flue gasses to replace gas compression system by absorption chilling system

• Monitor specific power consumption of compressors

improves life and reduced energy consumption

Pumps • Select pump based on expected water flow

• Preferably use variable valves

• Avoid belt lag that connect the pump and its drives

• Use synthetic flat belts instead of conventional V belts

• Pumps operate at 85% efficiency at rated flow and 65% at half that flow

• Connector belt lag causes 10%-15% loss in transmission efficiency

• Synthetic belts improve 5%-10% of energy

Source: http://www.energyconservation.co.in/energy-conservation-tips.html

Measures like the ones tabulated above help regulate energy use and reuse eventually providing energy conservation especially in energy intensive activities and processes. While the above mentioned measures can be generally applied to any industry type, more specific measure can be developed after specific study of industry processes and equipment usage.

(vi) Summary of EE Strategy in Industrial Sector Energy Efficiency measures with mere replacement of incandescent bulbs, tubes and inefficient fans in industrial sector of Coimbatore city can save at least 17.44MU energy per year reducing GHG emission by 14130 tonnes of per year.

Table 86: Summary of EE Strategy for Industrial Sector EE Measures No. of

equipments Investment

(INR) Electricity

Saved (MU) Emissions

Saved (Tonnes)

Replacement of 100 watt incandescent with 15 watt CFL

138453 277 29.91 24224

Replacement of T12/T8 tube lights with T5 tube lights

640840 3204 22.60 18302

Replacement of conventional fans with EE star rated fans

53972 810 2.59 2098


3214 884 1.30 1054

Total 5174 56.39 45679


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CHAPTER 6 6. Action Plan and Budget

6.1. Year-wise Goals of Energy Savings The table below presents a summary of year wise goals for energy savings through introduction of renewable energy and taking energy efficiency measures. The goal is to minimum 10% reduction in projected total demand of 482.35 MU of conventional energy at the end of five years to be achieved through energy saving from energy efficiency measures and generation from renewable energy installations. The master plan sets a goal of total savings of 589.51 MU with 335.80 MU from renewable energy installation and 253.71 MU from energy efficiency measures.

Table 87: Energy savings goal over 5 years solar city implementation period

Energy Savings target over 5 years period of implementation

RE and EE Strategy for Coimbatore City

1st Y

ear

2nd

year

C

umul

ativ

e

3rd

year

C

umul

ativ

e

4th

year

C

umul

ativ

e

5th

year

C

umul

ativ

e

Total

Energy

Savings

(MU)

% of savin

gs target

to achie

ve

Emission

reduction/ year

RE for Residential Sector 9.27 23.18 41.7

2 64.9

0 92.7

2 92.7

2 24.19

% 63892 RE for Commercial & Inst. Sector 4.41 11.03

19.85

30.88

44.11

44.11

11.51% 37496

RE for Industrial Sector 18.94 47.36 85.2

5 132.

61 189.

44 189.

44 49.43

% 16102

1

RE for Municipal Sector 0.95 2.38 4.29 6.67 9.53 9.53 2.49

% 8051

Total for RE strategy 33.58 83.95 151.

11 235.

06 335.

80 335.

80 87.63

% 27046

1

EE for Residential Sector 15.34 38.36 69.0

4 107.

40 153.

43 153.

43 40.04

% 12428

0

EE for Commercial Sector 2.82 7.04 12.6

8 19.7

2 28.1

8 28.1

8 7.35

% 22822

EE for Industrial Sector 5.64 14.10 25.3

8 39.4

8 56.3

9 56.3

9 14.72

% 45679

EE for Municipal Sector 1.57 3.93 7.07 11.0

0 15.7

1 15.7

1 4.10

% 11651

Total for EE Strategy 25.37 63.43 114.

17 177.

60 253.

71 253.

71 66.20

0% 20443

2 RE and EE Combined Strategy 58.95 147.38

265.28

412.66

589.51

589.51

474893

12% 31% 55% 86% 122

% 122

%


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6.2. Physical Target and Action Plan The Master Plan for developing Coimbatore as Solar City sets a target of cumulatively installing a total of 27443 (100/125 LDP) Solar water heater in the domestic sector. The SWH with excess capacity of 1000 LPD meant for restaurants and commercial establishments will be 139073 in number. About 14084 number of steam cooking system, 11438 number of steam generating systems for industrial process heating and 492050 number of solar PV systems (of various capacities and inclusive of Solar Homer Systems, SPV systems for inverter and DG set replacements etc) are proposed for installation. In addition, 211 10 Cu M Biogas systems and 14084 nos. solar cookers are also planned for installation. Physical target for renewable energy systems and energy efficient devices has been presented in the tables below. In the energy efficiency strategy the master plan set a goal of replacing 590223 numbers of incandescent bulbs with CFLs, 744154 numbers of T8/12 tubes with T5 tubes, 614330 star rated ceiling fans, 103960 star rated air conditioners, 102313 star rated refrigerators, 108417 numbers of star rated water pumps, 15254 nos. induction lamp and 259 nos. Microprocessor based automatic On & OFF sensors.

Table 88: Physical target of RE systems

Domestic Solar Water Heating System (100/125LPD system) 27543 Nos. x 1000LPD solar water heating system 3560 Nos. Solar Cooker 14084 Nos. Steam Generating System 30293 Nos. Solar lanterns 3662 Nos. Use Solar Home Systems (SHS) 4883 Nos. 0.25 - 1.0kWp Solar PV system for inverters 13381 Nos. x 10kWp PV Power Plant for diesel abatement 626 Nos. x 10CuM Biogas system from organic/food waste 220 Nos. Solar PV Traffic Lights 24 Nos. Solar Blinkers (37Wp) 61 Nos. Road Stud 6251 Nos. Solar Street Lights 10865 Nos.

Table 89: Physical target of EE devices

CFLs 785319 Nos. T5 tube light + Electronic Ballast to replace 1268040 Nos. Efficient ceiling fans 522594 Nos. Star rated ACs 40776 Nos. Star rated refrigerators 102313 Nos. Star rated water pumps 108417 Nos. 200 watt Induction Lamp 14998 Nos. 100 watt Induction Lamp 259 Nos. Use of power saver in street lighting 139 Nos. 25 watt LED light 22925 Nos.


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6.3. Implementation Strategy

6.3.1. Establishment of the Solar City Cell The Solar City Cell is an integral component of the MNRE’s Development of Solar Cities” Scheme. The basic purpose of establishing a Solar City cell is to ensure exchange and collection of relevant data for sustenance, promotion and awareness generation of renewable energy and energy efficiency at the local level. The solar city cell will be the focal point and critical player for implementation of the solar city development programme. Solar City Cell will be established within the Coimbatore Municipal Council and will function under the city administration. A senior technical officer at the level of executive engineer or above will be the overall in charge of the solar city cell. The officer in-charge will prepare all strategy and functioning modalities of the solar city cell. A full time technical expert will be associated to the Solar City Cell for day-to-day activities, documentation, communication and every other activity under Solar City Cell. The Solar City Cell will provide technical guidance, expertise and financial analyses of projects for potential investors- individual or companies. It will also help for customer outreach. It will act as a platform where all relevant stakeholders (citizens/manufacturers /banks/institutions etc.) can meet and exchange information on RE and EE.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India will provide Rs.10.00 Lakh (Rupees ten lakh only) for the establishment and operation the solar city cell for five years. The city administration will provide space for the cell and depute one senior engineer/ technical person of the level of executive engineer or above as an overall in-charge of the solar city cell. The detailed functions and modus operandi of the solar city cell is elaborated in the guidebook for development of solar city, which is an integral part of this master plan.

6.3.2. Awareness and Publicity Awareness and Publicity Programme will be taken up to creating awareness among mass and target sectors in the city about benefits and financial incentive for targeted Renewable Energy systems & devices. Under these programmes, information on technological developments, financial benefits and cost savings from RE system and EE measures, government initiatives and incentives for such devices/ measures, availability, price etc will be disseminated through various media. The Solar City Cell will primarily take up these programmes. MNRE has earmarked Rs. 20.00 lakh (Rupees twenty lakh) for each city for awareness and publicity activities under the solar city development programme. The following activities are proposed for creation of awareness and publicity.

(i) Publicity through electronic media Production and telecast of documentary films, short duration films, TV

spots/advertisements etc through local TV network Production and broadcast of Radio sponsored programmes, Radio Spots/jingles

and Radio Talks etc. through local FM channels Creating an interactive E-Commerce website exclusively for “Coimbatore Solar

City” for awareness campaigns, information sharing and support to the users for submission of online application for incentives etc.


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(ii) Print Media/Publication Advertisements in color and black & white in Newspapers/magazines/journals etc. Printing of booklets/folders/brochures/posters/calendars/Trade Guide/

Compendium/ Newsletters etc. on different promotional schemes under Coimbatore Solar City project.

Develop educational programs on energy efficiency, distributed generation, and renewable energy systems in buildings for homeowners, businesses, government staff, and those in the building industries.

(iii) Exhibitions, Outdoor Publicity, Campaign Use of Exhibitions and Outdoor Publicity activities like hoardings, kiosks, bus

panels, bus-stop shelters, wall paintings, computerized animation display systems, etc. in the city.

Display and demonstration of RE and EE equipments in the Solar City Cell. Organizing runs, debates, seminars, quiz, drawing, model making, poster, essay

and slogan writing competitions among others for school children and others; Promotion and publicity of RE and EE by displaying models and posters etc in

different public places, institutions/organizations, hospitals, bus stand etc. Encourage maximum participation by residents and business owners in the City’s

energy efficiency programs through marketing and education. Educate government purchasing agents in each City department regarding the

benefits of Energy Star rated equipment, including the cost savings to the city. Encourage community input on strategies for improving energy efficiency in

building. (iv) Workshops and Seminars It is proposed to organize workshops and seminars on specific technologies for targeted audiences from residential, commercial, Institutional, Industrial and Municipal Sectors.

6.3.3. Implementation of RE Strategy The solar city development programme will be implemented through joint participation of the residential citizens of the Coimbatore city, industries, commercial and institutional establishment, city municipal Council, state government and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Financial assistance for installation of various renewable energy devices and systems will be availed as per the provisions of various schemes of the Ministry. Support for various other activities will also be availed as per the scheme provisions of MNRE. The ministry will give priority for support to the cities identified as potential Solar Cities. The Ministry, IREDA and other implementing institutions for promoting the use of renewable energy devices/systems, will consider these cities as priority cities. State Nodal Agency may also request the Ministry to allocate higher targets for installation of various renewable energy devices/systems in these cities under its different schemes through subsidies. Ministry of Urban Development would also be approached for assistance under their schemes e.g., JNNURM, etc., as well as the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. The following activities are proposed to promote use of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures among different section of people, commercial establishment, institutions, municipality and industries.


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(i) Show casing and promotion of different MNRE programmes through different audiovisual publicity, workshop, exhibition, campaign etc.

(ii) Establishment of single window clearance mechanism to avail all government incentives. The Solar city cell can be used as a single point contact and clearance centre for all kinds of promotional activities and subsidies for RE and EE devices.

(iii) Creation of interactive web based tool for accepting application for availing incentives from MNRE/ State/ City

(iv) Providing technical assistance to project developers in site assessment, feasibility and detailed project report preparation.

(v) Providing assistance in conducting energy audit (vi) Involvement of financial institution/ IREDA for providing soft loan for large scale

promotion of RE projects. (vii) Setting up of a high level committee including city administration, state nodal

agency, developers, MNRE, RE/ EE experts, Finance institution stakeholders from different sectors to oversee and review implementation of the Master Plan

(viii) Provide additional subsidy/ incentives for those systems which have payback period more that 3 years

(ix) Amend building bye-laws for making the use of solar water heating systems mandatory

(x) Provide rebate in property tax through Municipal Councils/ Municipalities & in electricity tariff though Utilities/ Electricity Boards to the users of solar water heaters especially in domestic sector.

(xi) Comply MSW Rules 2000 notified by the MoEF and set up projects of suitable capacity for generating energy from the waste collected from the city/town.

(xii) Conduct energy auditing of Govt./Public sector buildings, water pumping and street lightings in the city at regular interval and take necessary steps towards conservation of energy for the same.

(xiii) Issue G.O as regards to construction of energy efficient solar buildings at least in Govt. /Public sectors in accordance with ECBC : 2006 and follow up its implementation rigorously.

(xiv) Organize rigorous publicity, and also the training programmes/ business meets for various stake holders e.g. architects, engineers, builders & developers, financial institutions, NGOs, technical institutions, manufactures/suppliers, RWAs etc. so as to involve them actively in meeting the objective of solar city.

(xv) Generate necessary funds from State Govt. and other funding organizations for achieving the objective of making the city as “Solar City”. Benefits of the schemes of Govt. of India will also be taken in meeting the objectives.

(xvi) Promote National Rating System for construction of energy efficient Green Buildings in particular to commercial and institutional buildings

(xvii) Avail financial benefit from Carbon Market


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6.3.4. Renewable Energy Pilot Projects MNRE will provide financial assistance for implementation of pilot projects in all sectors. Five categories of projects in different RE technologies are proposed in each sector. It is proposed that MNRE will provide financial assistance under JNNSM guidelines, users will contribute at least 50% of the project cost and balance 20% amount if required will be supported by state for residential, commercial and industrial sector pilot projects. In the government sector pilot project, state will bear balance amount of fund after availing CFA under JNNSM. The total investment for implementation of all proposed pilot projects is estimated as Rs.369.60Lakh out of which MNRE will contribute Rs.110.88Lakh, City/ Sate will contribute Rs.148.22 Lakh and the users will contribute Rs.110.50 lakh. It is however suggested that MNRE will provide special incentive for pilot projects considering greater part of the project costs as CFA. All the pilot projects shall be executed in the first year of implementation. The following tables show pilot projects proposed and financial implication thereon in different sectors in the city.

Pilot Projects in Residential Sector In the residential sector, 5 pilots that mainly utilize the abundant solar resource in the city are being proposed. Keeping in mind the advantage of Solar Water Heaters and Solar Lanterns, these technologies are proposed to be implemented. Following table provides a comprehensive picture of the suggestions being made for solar energy use in residential sector.

Table 90: Pilot Projects in Residential Sector Sl. No.

Project

Cap

acity

Uni

t

Nos

.

Cos

t per

sy

stem

(L

akh)

Tot

al c

ost

(Lak

h)

MN

RE

Sh

are

City

/ Sta

te

Shar

e

Use

rs

shar

e

1 Solar lanterns for roadside markets/ hawkers to replace kerosene lamps

10 Wp 100 0.03 3.00 0.90 0.60 1.50

2 PV system for Home inverter

250 Wp 10 0.30 3.00 0.90 0.60 1.50

3 PV system to replace Home Generator

1 kWp 5 2.00 10.00 3.00 2.00 5.00

4 Solar Water Heating System for residential Apartment Complex

5000 LPD 2 5.00 10.00 3.00 2.00 5.00

5 PV Power Plant for residential apartment Complex

25 kWp 2 30.00 60.00 18.00 12.00 30.00

Total 86.00 25.80 17.20 43.00


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Pilot Projects in Commercial and Institutional Sector

In order to offset the energy intensive commercial sector in Coimbatore, the pilot projects focus on use of feasible technologies that help reduce energy consumption. For examples, use of hot water in hospitals consumes a lot of electricity and hence Solar Water heaters are proposed for offsetting the same and bringing down future demand at least by a considerably margin. Other such pilot projects are prescribed below for adoption by the Corporation.

Table 91: Pilot Projects in Commercial Sector Sl. No.

Project

Cap

acity

Uni

t

Nos

.

Cos

t per

sy

stem

(L

akh)

Tot

al c

ost

(Lak

h)

MN

RE

Sh

are

City

/ Sta

te

Shar

e

Use

rs sh

are

1 Community Solar Cooker for mid day meal in schools

1 No. 20 0.20 4.00 1.20 0.80 2.00

2 Solar Water heaters for Hospitals

5000 LPD 2 5.00 10.00 3.00 2.00 5.00

3 Biogas system for Restaurants

10 CuM 2 0.50 1.00 0.30 0.20 0.50

4 Solar Water Heater for Restaurants

5000 LPD 2 5.00 10.00 3.00 2.00 5.00

5 PV system for educational institutes

10 kWp 1 20.00 20.00 6.00 4.00 10.00

Total 45.00 13.50 9.00 22.50

Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector In order to leverage the use of steam generated in various industrial processes in the form of flue gasses, one of the pilot projects being proposed is the use of solar energy for preheating water to be used in order that the system efficiency increases resulting energy savings. Following table prescribes other pilot projects that are to be adopted in the industrial sector.

5kW Solar PV system powers A.V. Properties India Pvt. Ltd.


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Table 92: Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector Sl. No.

Project

Cap

acity

Uni

t

Nos

.

Cos

t per

sy

stem

(L

akh)

Tot

al c

ost

(Lak

h)

MN

RE

Sh

are

City

/ Sta

te

Shar

e

Use

rs sh

are

1 PV System for Industries

10 kWp 2 20.00 40.00 12.00 8.00 20.00

2 Solar Water Heaters for industrial process heating

10000 LPD 2 10.00 20.00 6.00 4.00 10.00

3 Solar Steam Generator Process Heating

200 sqm 1 30.00 30.00 9.00 6.00 15.00

Total 90.00 27.00 18.00 45.00

Pilot Projects in Government and Municipal Sector A total of 8 pilot projects as described in the table below are recommended for the Municipal sector in the Coimbatore city in order that the Municipal level consumption is curbed to a large extent as a means of exemplifying the feasibility of these city level initiates and encouragement of subsequent uptake. These initiatives are subsidized to the tune of about 42% by MNRE share and the rest is to be provided by the State or city.

Table 93: Pilot Projects in Government and Municipal Sector Sl. No.

Project

Cap

acity

Uni

t

Nos

.

Cos

t per

Sy

stem

(L

akh)

Tot

al C

ost

(Lak

h)

MN

RE

Sh

are

City

/ Sta

te

Shar

e 1 Grid Interactive Solar

PV power plant for Municipal Office Building / Bus Stand

25 kWp 1 50.00 50.00 15.00 35.00

2 Solar PV power plant for Municipal Hospitals

10 kWp 1 20.00 20.00 6.00 14.00

3 Solar Water Heater for Municipal Hospitals

3000 LPD 3 5.00 15.00 4.50 10.50

4 Solar PV system for markets

500 Wp 2 0.60 1.20 0.36 0.84

5 Outdoor Lights for Parks

1 No. 100 0.23 22.50 6.75 15.75

7 Solar Hoardings 1 No. 10 1.50 15.00 4.50 10.50 8 Solar Cooling (Air

Conditioners) 10 Tonn

e 1 24.90 24.90 7.47 17.43

Total 148.60 44.58 104.02


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Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication The following table presents the summary of pilot projects proposed under different sectors in the Coimbatore city. The largest investment towards establishment of these pilot projects is in the Municipal sector which is under direct control and administration of the city level authorities paving way for smoother implementation. The industrial and residential sectors follow in close as second and third highest investment requiring sectors for pilot project accomplishment for solar development in Coimbatore.

Table 94: Summary of Pilot Projects and indicative project cost implication

Sl. No.

Project Total Cost

(Lakh)

MNRE Share

City/ State Share

Private/ Users

1 Pilot Project in Residential Sector 86.00 25.80 17.20 43.00 2 Pilot Projects in Commercial and

Institutional Sector 45.00 13.50 9.00 22.50

3 Pilot Projects in Industrial Sector 90.00 27.00 18.00 45.00 4 Pilot Projects in Municipal Sector 148.60 44.58 104.02 0.00 Total 369.60 110.88 148.22 110.50

6.4. Financial outlays and sharing of fund The total budget for development of Coimbatore as Solar City is estimated at Rs. 1329.17 crore which will be invested over the 5 years of implementation period of solar city development programme. The total budget will be shared by the state government/ City authority (14%), MNRE (24%) and the private users (62%). The budget for implementation of RE strategy and EE strategy is estimated at Rs.953.74crore and Rs.356.14crore respectively. Budget for establishment of the Solar City Cell and awareness and publicity is estimated at Rs.48.30 Lakhs which could be enhanced depending upon the requirement. While budget for RE strategy will be shared by MNRE, state/city and private users, private investors will primarily drive EE activities. A substantial amount of investment could be recovered or the entire project could be partially financed through Renewable Energy Certificate or carbon finance mechanism. A suitable methodology will be adopted to avail benefit from carbon market selling the REC/ CER generated from the project.

Table 95: Sector wise annual budget and sharing of expenses for development of Coimbatore Solar City

Unit Total

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

MNRE contribution for RE strategy Establishment of Solar city cell Lakh 10.00 3.52 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 Publicity and awareness Lakh 20.00 5.83 5.83 4.00 2.17 2.17 RE for residential sector Lakh 7981.94 798.19 1197.29 1596.39 1995.49 2394.58 RE for Commercial & Inst. sector Lakh 3364.90 336.49 504.73 672.98 841.22 1009.47 RE for Industrial sector Lakh 16002.37 1600.24 2400.36 3200.47 4000.59 4800.71 RE for Municipal sector Lakh 3143.77 314.38 471.57 628.75 785.94 943.13 MNRE 30522.98 21.12% 3058.65 4581.40 6104.22 7627.03 9151.68


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Unit Total

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

State/City contribution Establishment of solar city cell 10.30 0.70 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 RE for Institutional sector Lakh 2437.24 243.72 365.59 487.45 609.31 731.17 RE for Municipal sector Lakh 6585.12 658.51 987.77 1317.02 1646.28 1975.54 EE measures for Inst. sector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 EE measures for Municipal sector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 State / City 9032.67 6.25% 903.27 1354.90 1806.53 2258.17 2709.80 Private/ Users contribution RE for residential sector Lakh 21847.13 2184.71 3277.07 4369.43 5461.78 6554.14 RE for Commercial & Inst. sector Lakh 4074.99 407.50 611.25 815.00 1018.75 1222.50 RE for Industrial sector Lakh 29907.01 2990.70 4486.05 5981.40 7476.75 8972.10 RE for Municipal sector Lakh 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 EE for Residential sector Lakh 27753.16 2775.32 4162.97 5550.63 6938.29 8325.95 EE for Commercial & Inst. sector Lakh 7387.39 738.74 1108.11 1477.48 1846.85 2216.22 EE measures for Industrial sector Lakh 5174.28 517.43 776.14 1034.86 1293.57 1552.28 EE measures for municipal sector Lakh 8830.80 883.08 1324.62 1766.16 2207.70 2649.24 Private/ Users 104974.74 72.63% 10497.47 15746.21 20994.95 26243.69 31492.42 Total Lakh 144530.38 14453.04 21679.56 28906.08 36132.60 43359.11

Table 96: Summary of budget and sharing of expenses

Year 1 (Crore)

Year 2 (Crore)

Year 3 (Crore)

Year 4 (Crore)

Year 5 (Crore)

Total (Crore)

State / City Share 9.03 13.55 18.07 22.58 27.10 90.33 MNRE Share 30.59 45.81 61.04 76.27 91.52 305.23 Private Share 104.97 157.46 209.95 262.44 314.92 1049.75 Total Budget 144.59 216.83 289.06 361.29 433.54 1445.30

Figure 12: Sharing of total budget for development of solar city Coimbatore


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Figure 13: Sharing of RE Strategy Budget for

Coimbatore Solar City

Figure 14: Sharing of EE Strategy Budget for

Coimbatore Solar City


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Figure 15: Year wise sharing of budget for

Coimbatore Solar City Programme

6.5. Various funding mechanisms for the projects

6.5.1. Grants/finance from central government, state government or international agencies

There are several central and state government agencies that give grants or create special funds for the purpose of providing finance for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. Several international lending and donor intuitions such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, etc have projects (funds) for the development of energy efficiency and conservation projects in India.

6.5.2. Self financing – recovery of investment through tax (Municipal Corporation) or tariffs (DISCOM)

Under the self financing model, the implementing entity (Municipal Corporation or DISCOM) allocate funds to SCPs either by utilizing its own funds (may be in the form of a special fund created for SCPs) or though loans and outsourcing the certain portion of the project work and execution. Tax and tariff collections could be used to self finance the projects. Rationale of investment recovery is essential for implementing entity (Municipal Corporation or DISCOM), as failure to recover any costs directly impacts utility earnings, and sends a discouraging message regarding further investment. Sometimes it may be possible to create Specialized Funds for design, development and implementation of SCPs.

6.5.3. Project Finance, lease finance and other sources Project Finance Corporate Financing Lease Financing Revolving Fund Guarantee Facilities for Commercial Bank Loans


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6.5.4. ESCO Financing ESCO financing is the most familiar model of financing energy efficient/renewable energy generation projects. Under this category of finance, the ESCO signs an agreement with the authority (Municipal Corporation or DISCOM) to finance and implement project; the ESCO may borrow the project debt and pay back it from project revenues. An energy service company (ESCO) is a specialized service provider offering a wide range of complete energy solutions together with planning, designing and implementation of energy conservation projects. ESCO also operates the project to make certain energy savings during the payback phase. The income from energy savings is often used to pay back the capital investment made by the ESCO. Performance contract signed between ESCO and authority is directly related to the quantity of energy saved. ESCOs offer guaranteed savings and their compensation is related to the projects’ performance. ESCOs may also provide or arrange financing.

6.5.5. Supportive financing options available to Solar Cities Projects Bonds (Municipal, Energy Efficiency or Carbon) Clean Development Mechanism Renewable Energy Certificates Energy Efficiency Certificates

6.5.6. Business Models for Solar Cities Projects Financer Implementer

Government Private

Government GG model PG model Private GP model PP model

6.5.7. Types of Models Management Contracts

- Supply or service contract - Maintenance management

Turnkey Lease BOT type of contracts

- Franchise - Build-Operate-Transfer

6.6. Potential Carbon Market Benefit The RE and EE activities under solar city programme will considerable amount of green house emission per year. The CER generated under this project can be sold to carbon market under suitable mechanism. It is estimated that a total of 462585 CERs could be sold from the project which will give revenue of Rs.1110.20 Lakh per year.

Table 97: Potential Carbon Market Benefit Energy Saved

(MU) CER (Tons) Value

(Lakh/year) Project life CER Value

(Lakh) CER from entire RE strategy

335.80 270461 1947.32 13631.23

CER from Entire EE 253.71 204432 1471.91 10303.39


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strategy CER from entire solar city project

589.51 474893 3419.23 23934.62

6.7. Potential Benefit for Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism

As per Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions for Recognition and Issuance of Renewable Energy Certificates for Renewable Energy Generation) Regulations, 2010, grid connected Renewable Energy Generator are eligible trade Renewable Energy Certificates to the entities who are to fulfill Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) as per law. There shall be two categories of renewable energy certificates, viz., solar certificates issued to eligible entities for generation of electricity based on solar as renewable energy source, and non-solar certificates issued to eligible entities for generation of electricity based on renewable energy sources other than solar. The solar certificate shall be sold to the obligated entities to enable them to meet their renewable purchase obligation for solar, and non-solar certificate shall be sold to the obligated entities to enable them to meet their obligation for purchase from renewable energy sources other than solar. A generating company engaged in generation of electricity from renewable energy sources shall be eligible to apply for registration for issuance of and dealing in Certificates if it fulfills the following conditions: (i) It has obtained accreditation from the State Agency; (ii) It does not have any power purchase agreement for the capacity related to such

generation to sell electricity at a preferential tariff determined by the Appropriate Commission; and

(iii) It sells the electricity generated either (a) to the distribution licensee of the area in which the eligible entity is located, at a price not exceeding the pooled cost of power purchase of such distribution licensee, or (b) to any other licensee or to an open access consumer at a mutually agreed price, or through power exchange at market determined price.

Table 98: REC Price Range: 2012‐2017 Non-Solar REC (Rs/MWh) Solar REC (Rs/MWh) Forbearance Price 3,480 13,690


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Floor Price 1,400 9,880


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Annexure 1 : Example of Byelaws for installation of solar water heating system

Regulation/Bye-laws for installation of Solar assisted water heating system in Functional buildings in Rajkot

The following provisions are formatted for inclusion in the building bye laws of RUDA 1. “No new building in the following categories in which there is a system or

installation to supplying host water shall be built unless the system or the installation is also having an auxiliary solar assisted water heating system : a) Hospital & Nursing Homes. b) Hotels, Lodges and Guest houses c) Hostels of schools, Colleges, Training Centers d) Barracks of armed forces, paramilitary forces and police e) Individual residential buildings having more that 150 Sq.mt. plinth area f) Functional Buildings of Railway station and Air ports like waiting rooms,

retiring rooms, rest rooms, inspection bungalows and catering units. g) Community Centers, Banquet Halls, Barat Ghars, Kalyan mandaps and

buildings for similar use. 2. Installation of Solar Water Heating System:

(a) New Buildings: Clearance of plan for the construction of new buildings of the aforesaid categories shall only be given if they have a provision in the building design itself for an insulated pipeline from the rooftop in the building to various distribution points where hot water is required. The building must have a provision for continuous water supply to the solar water heating system. The building should also have open space on the rooftop which receives direct sun light. The load bearing capacity of the roof should atleast be 50 kg. per sqm. All new buildings of above said categories must complete installation of solar water heating systems before obtaining necessary license to commence their business.

(b) Existing Buildings: Installation of Solar Assisted Water Heating Systems in the existing building shall be made mandatory at the time to change of use to above said category provided there is a system or installation for supplying hot water.

3. Capacity:

The capacity of solar water heating system to be installed on the building of different categories shall be decided in consultation with the local bodies. The recommended minimum capacity shall not be less than 25 litres per day for each bathroom and kitchen subject to the condition that maximum of 50 % of the total roof area is provided with the system.

4. Specification: Installation of Solar Assisted Water Heating System shall conform to BIS (Bureau of India Standards) specification IS: 12933. The solar collectors used in the system shall have the BIS certification Mark.

5. Auxiliary System: Wherever hot water requirement is continuous, auxiliary, heating arrangement either with electric elements or oil of adequate capacity can be provided.


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Annexure 2 : List of Experts/ consultant for

Green Building Design Prof. C.L. Gupta Solar Energy Unit Sri Aurobindo Ashram Podicherry 605002 E-mail: [email protected] Ms Anand Mann & Mr Siddhartha Wig The Elements SCF 59, 1st Floor, Sector 6 Panchkula 134101 Phone: 0172-2580094 Prof. Arvind Krishnan, Centre for Advanced Studies in Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, 4, Block B Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi-110002 Phone: 011-26107250/26167060 E-mail :

[email protected]

Dr. Vinod Gupta Space Design Consultants G 4, Masjid Moth, GK 2 New Delhi-110048 Phone: 011-40573213 Ext. 31, 40573264 Web: http://www.space-design.com Ms. Mili Majumdar, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 Phone: 011-24682100/1 E-mail :

[email protected]

Mr Ashok B Lall B-25 Chirag Enclave New Delhi 110017 Also at 2B Ramkishore Road Civil Lines, Delhi 110054 Prof. J.K. Nayak, Energy System Engineering Deptt. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay-400076 Mr Manmohan Dayal D-3/3552 Vasant Kunj New Delhi 110030

mailto:[email protected]�


http://www.space-design.com/�



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Sh. B. V. Doshi Vastushipa Foudation for Research in Environmental Design Sangath, Thaltej Road Ahmedabad- 380054 E-mail : [email protected] Mr Sanjay Prakash R-1/ 301 Hauz Khas Enclave New Delhi 110 016 Phone: 011-5165 5696/ 2656 9934 Email:

[email protected]

Sabu Francis & Associates A-104, Shiv Chamber Sector 11, CBD-Belapur, Navi Mumbai MAHARASHTRA E-mail : [email protected] Mr. Anurag Roy Roy and Partners D* /8184, Vasant Kunj New Delhi – 110 070 E-mail : [email protected] Mr Nimish Patel and Ms Parul Zaveri Abhikram 15 Laxmi Nivas Society, Paldi Ahmedabad 380007 Mr Upendra Kachru C-47, Pamposh Enclave, New Delhi 110048, Phone: 011-26411741 E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Harish Ganeriwala Glaze Architecture Pvt. Ltd. 591, Block O New Alipore Kolkata – 700 053 Email: [email protected] Phone: 24005255 Mr. Pankaj Jain M/s Jain & Associates S-13/21, DLF-111 Gurgaon Phone: 0124-4605318,2352829



http://us.f554.mail.yahoo.com/ym/[email protected]�






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Annexure 3 : References & Bibliography

1. “Solar Radiation Handbook 2008”, Solar Energy Centre, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Indian Meteorological Institute

2. http://www.mnre.gov.in/

3. Source: State oil Coordinator (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL)



6. http://www.energymanagertraining.com/DesignatedConsumers/main.htm, http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/en/UI/AboutLPG.aspx

7. Coimbatore CDP

8. Source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/ ; http://www.mnre.gov.in/

9. Source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/

10. Source: Biomass Resource Atlas of India (http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/Atlas/Default.aspx)

11. Biomethanation of Vegetable Market Waste – Untapped Carbon Trading Opportunities K. Sri Bala Kameswari, B. Velmurugan, K. Thirumaran and R.A. Ramanujam.

12. http://www.nef.org.uk/logpile/woodfuel/burningwood.htm

http://www.mnre.gov.in/�

http://www.energymanagertraining.com/DesignatedConsumers/main.htm�

http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/en/UI/AboutLPG.aspx�

http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/�

http://www.mnre.gov.in/�

http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/�

http://lab.cgpl.iisc.ernet.in/Atlas/Default.aspx�

http://www.nef.org.uk/logpile/woodfuel/burningwood.htm�


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Annexure 4 : List of MNRE approved ETC based Solar Water heating systems manufacturer in Tamilnadu

M/s. K.S. Industries, 195 R.M.T. Bunglow Road, Sai Nagar, Industrial Estate (post), Coimbatore – 641 021 (Tamil Nadu) Tel: 0422-2673319, 9894111935 e-mail: [email protected] List of MNRE approved FPC based Solar Water heating systems manufacturer

Goodsun Industries Private Limited, Sf 206, Perks Campus, Rajalakshmi Mills Road, Upplipalayam, Coimbatore Pin : 641015 Tel : 0422-2592171,2592158,2590937 Fax : 0422-2590937 Email : [email protected]

Sunlit Solar Energy (P) Ltd, Sf No.507, Pachapalayam Road, Arasur, Coimbatore 641 407 Tel : 6571745 Mobile : 9842216190 Email : [email protected]

Cascade Helio Termics Limited, No. 355/2, Abbas Garden Road, Luna Nagar Coimbatore Pin : 641025 Tel : 0422-2400254,2401576 Fax : 0422-2400347 Email ; [email protected]

K.S. Industries, 195/2, R.M.T. Bungalow Road, Sai Nagar, Industrial Eastate (Post), Coimbatore Pin : 641021 Tel : 2673319, Fax : 2673317, Mobile : 9894111935 Email : [email protected]

MNRE Approved flat plate collector based Solar Driers/air heating systems & Scheffler solar cooker/ steam generating systems

M/S Planters Energy Network (PEN) No. 5, Powerhouse Street N.R.T. Nagar Theni-625531, Tamilnadu Phone: 04546-255272/ 255271 Telefax: 04546-255271 E-Mail : [email protected] , & [email protected] M/S ATR Solar , #1,RMR Complex, 2nd Floor, SS Colony, North Gate, (opp. Devaki Scans) Madurai-625010. Tel: 0452-3025400 Mobile: 9344453444, 9843265400. Email: [email protected] Web: www.atrsolar.com


http://www.atrsolar.com/�


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BIS approved Manufacturers of Box type Solar Cookers

M/S Usha Engineering Works 40-A,Trunk Road, Madanur-635804 Vellore District, Tamil Nadu Ph.: 04174-73613 e-mail: [email protected] List of equipment manufacturers of small hydro turbines

Managing Director M/s. Vinci Aqua Systems (P) Ltd., 158, Avarampalayam Road, Peelamedu Post, Coimbatore – 641 004 T: 0422 – 6453180/ 2560485 Solar Passive Architecture (MNRE indicative list of architects & experts)

Prof. C.L.Gupta Solar Energy Unit Sri Aurobindo Ashram Podicherry 605002 E-mail: [email protected] Waste to energy technology providers/suppliers in India

M/s ENKEM Engineers Pvt. Ltd 824, Poonamalle High Road, Kilpauk (Near KMC), Chennai - 600010 Tel: 044-26411362/26428992 Fax: 044-26411788 E-mail: [email protected] There are three Aditya Soalr Shops in the state of Tamilnadu – Chennai, Madurai and Dindigul. There are four Aditya Urja Shops in the state of Tamilnadu - Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Karur, Thoothukudi

List of the CFL Manufacturers/Traders/Investors for CDM based CFL Scheme

Ms Systems Marketing & Services 45A Balasubramania street, K. K. Pudur, S. B. Colony, Coimbatore-641038 Mr. Brian Sayah; Mr. V E Mohan (CEO) Ph. No. : +86-519-85192618 , Mobile : +86-13801505301 Email: [email protected] Ph. No. : +91-422-2450422/ 4383697 Email: [email protected]





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CDM Consultants

M/s Asia Carbon Emission Management India Pvt Ltd 167 ,Kodambakkam High Road,Nungambakkam,Chennai-600034,Tamil Nadu ,India Mr N R Ravishunkar Regional Director Business Development and Origination Phone No : 044-39180501 Fax : 044-39180501 email: [email protected]


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Annexure 5 : The information of electricity consumption received from TNEB in the form of e-mail is attached herewith for the reference.


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CONTACT Emani Kumar Dwipen Boruah ICLEI South Asia Ground Floor, NSIC-STP Complex NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi - 110020, India Tel: +91-11-4106 7220 Fax: +91-11-4106 7221

Development of Coimbatore Solar City...Development of Coimbatore Solar City – Final Master Plan, August 2012 Page | 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT his Master Plan is an outcome of the Ministry

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