Erhan Pişkin 1 , Yeşim Ekinci 2 , Hülya Yavuz Ersan 1 , Sinan Eğri 1,3 , Gökhan Tezcan 1 , Koroush Salami 1 , Özlem Eğri 1,4 , Zakir Rzaev 4 , Sevda İsmailova 1 , Farzaneh Moghtader 4 Hacettepe University Supported by Turkish Ministry of Science, Technology and Industry Development of Biobased/Biodegradable/ Compostable Nanocomposite Mulching Films and Active Packaging PLASTICE October 24-25, 2011, Bologna, Italy
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Erhan Pişkin1, Yeşim Ekinci2, Hülya Yavuz Ersan1, Sinan Eğri1,3,
5. Reduced soil compaction and therefore reduced root damage
6. Reduced negatif effects of weather conditions.
MULCHING FILMS
Much Higher Quality & Yield
What we use ? Consumption ? Problems ?
1. Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
2. Use: About 1 million ton/year (worldwide) which results a huge plastics waste
3. Can be used only twice. Recyling is very difficult. They should be collected and disposed (which makes the process expensive)
MULCHING FILMS
Alternative solutions?
Use .......... “Biobased Resources”-
They are ........... ”Renewable”
and “Biodegradable”
MULCHING FILMS
BIOBASED POLYMERS
However they may be more expensive and exhibit lower
mechanical properties comparing to their alternative comodity but-non degradable thermoplastics in many applications including and agro-use
BIOBASED POLYMERS
1. Natural polymers
2. Polymers produced from biobased monomers
FROM BIO-DERIVED MONOMERS
Poly(-hydroxy acids)
e.g. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
BIOBASED POLYMERS
LACTIC ACID
The L (+) form is the natural one, and is naturally present in animal and human tissues as well as in numerous food products (meat, milk products, pickles, beer, etc.).
Lactic acid (called also “milk acid”) is a natural product.
Today more than half of the total consumption is produced by fermentation in which several carbohydrate sources such as whey, barley, sugarcane, soybean, milk, corn, sulfite waste liquor and potatoes can be used as substrate. Careful selection of the fermentation bacteria. Industrially used specie is Lactobacillus Delbrueckii with glucose or sucrose as substrate.
With different molecular weights (chain lengths)
with different chain compositions (copolymers)
Therefore with different mechanical properties,
and degradation rates
Poly(glycolide) (R:H)
Poly(L-lactide)
Poly(D-lactide)
Poly(D,L-lactide) a mixture of L-and D-
Poly(glycolide/lactide)
Poly(-hydroxy acids)
O H
R
- O - C - C
n Cargill-NatureWorks LLC, USA
PURAC, The Netherlands
Poly(-hydroxy acids)
Poly(-hydroxy acids)
Poly(-hydroxy acids)
OUR RELATED PRODUCTS
Poly(-hydroxy acids)
MONTHS
______________________________________________
PLLA 18-24
PDLLA 12-16
PGA 2-4
PDLLA/GA-50/50 2
PDLLA/GA-85/75 5
PDLLA/CL-90/10 2
______________________________________________
Approximate degradation time
NATURAL POLYMERS
ANIMAL VEGETAL
Proteins Cellulosics / Lignin
Fats & oils Starches
Polysaccharides Proteins / Fats & oils
Polynucleotides Polynucleotides
MICROBIAL
Polyesters
Polysaccharides
Polyphosphates
Polysulfides
PLANT
MICROBIAL
ANIMAL
PLANT-BASED
3.7 Gtons (62%)
Food-use
6 Gtons
0.3 Gtons (5%)
Non-Food Use 2 Gtons (33%)
Energy & Housing
2 kg/day/person
Annual Consumption
EAT or USE
?
PLANT BASED POLYMERS
POLYSACCARIDES
(a) Starches: wheat; potatoes; maize, etc.
(b) Cellulose : wood, straws, etc.
(c) Others: pectins; chitin/chitosan; gums, etc.
Starch
Polimer Faz Sentez ve Karakterizasyonu
Nişasta
Laktik Asit
Katalizör
Oligo - PLA PLA
Nişasta çözücü
M.Nişasta
Nişastanın Oksitlenme İle Modifikasyonu
Nişasta tekrarlayan birimi Dialdehid nişasta birimi
NANOCOMPOSITES
Barrier improvement primary advantage Platelets are typically about 1 nm thick,
typically 100-2000 nm in length & width
Also .. Increase stiffness, strength Act as nucleating agent in foams Smaller cell size, higher cell density
Act as flame retardants
Based on various types of clay, most common:
montmorillonite, hektorit, saponit, fluoromika, fluorohektorit, vermikulit, kaolinit, magadiit, etc.