Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology DEVELOPMENT OF A TILLAGE MACHINE FOR SEEDBED CULTIVATION OF HEAVY SOILS
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
DEVELOPMENT OF A TILLAGE MACHINE FOR SEEDBED CULTIVATION OF HEAVY SOILS
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Content
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Tillage of heavy soils
Project objective and system requirements
Machine concept and working tools
Functional prototype machine and fieldtest results
Conclusion and outlook
Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils 11.11.2017
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Heavy Soils
general facts
• soils with high propotion of clay or loam (> 50%)
• ca. 850.000 ha of heavy soils in Germany (≈ 7% of arable area)
advantages disadvantages
source: www.haus-und-grund-muensterdorf.de
good nutrient supply and water holding capacity
“minute soils”, tillage is very wheater-dependend
increased crop yields tillage is energy intensive need of heavy machines
• high soil fertility (“Bodenpunkte” > 50 up to 100)
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Source: ble
Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Tillage Machines
tillage and seedbed-cultivation
• high area output needed by short tillage time
common implements for seedbed cultivation
• acceptable seedbed-quality usually with multiple transitions
• basic tillage with plough or cultivators
11.11.2017 - 4 -
source: Amazone source: Väderstad
Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
source: die-landmaschine.at
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Tillage Prototype of TU Dresden from 1988
• specialized for ploughed heavy soils
• traction and steering by the implements
• only mechanical variable drives
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characteristics
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Project Objective
Development of an active powered implement for seedbed cultivation
of heavy soils with low draft force requirements and an acceptable seedbed quality within one transition.
11.11.2017 - 6 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
working width 3 m
reducing soil-compaction
System Requirements
implement seedbed-cultivation
of heavy soils
ploughed soil
compacted soil
with / without biomass
working speed up to 15 km/h
low to zero draft force
multifunction tools
variable drive for different soil conditions
tillage in one transition
(high efficiency)
11.11.2017 - 7 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Tillage Process
seedbed-cultivation
• subsoiling
• pre crushing
• deep compacting
step 1:
• fine crushing
• rear compacting
step 2:
additional:
• generate propulsion
• support machine
60 …
80 m
m
100 …
200 m
m
11.11.2017 - 8 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
• leveling
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Concept Working Tools
star packer thooth packer flat
• outer diameter
• number of working elements
• slip
Characteristics for generating propulsion:
tools for tillage step 1
11.11.2017 - 9 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
thooth packer tilt advanced tool
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
standard tine rotor tilt tine rotor passive-active-tool angle iron crumble roller
Concept Working Tools
tools for tillage step 2
11.11.2017 - 10 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
General Machine Concept
variable drive
frame - optimized for compressive forces
kinematic to lift up rear axle from tractor
two working-sections
11.11.2017 - 11 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Functional Prototype Machine
working-section 1 with double rotor (1 m working width )
working-section 2 (0,5 m working width)
electric drive (140 kW PMSM) with integrated inverter
planetary gear & chain drive
force measurement adapter with 6 DOF
ECU for motor control and ISOBUS
11.11.2017 - 12 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Field Tests
• very dry … wet
soils with high fraction of loam
• loosened … compacted
test conditions:
• soils with previous tillage
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soils with high fraction of clay
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Field Tests Results
11.11.2017 - 14 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
generation of propelling force (negative draft force)
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Field Tests Results
11.11.2017 - 15 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
v = 10 km/h
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Field Tests Results
11.11.2017 - 16 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Field Tests Results
11.11.2017 - 17 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
work result: work result: work result: work result:
Field Tests Results
11.11.2017 - 18 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
o +
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
work result: work result: work result: work result:
Field Tests Results
11.11.2017 - 19 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
o + o
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Conclusion
• functional prototype machine at TU Dresden with working width of 1 m
• propelling force depends on slip, soil condition and tool geometry
• machine concept, tools and generation of propulsion verified
• heavy soils offer a good fertility, but tillage is “energy intensive”
• higher slip ratios reduces draft force or even generate propelling forces
11.11.2017 - 20 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Chair of Agricultural Systems Technology
Next Steps
optimize working tools for compacted soils
design implement with working width 3 m
design a construction for lift up rear axle tractor
concept drive train, process sensors and control structures
11.11.2017 - 21 - Development of a tillage machine for seedbed cultivation of heavy soils
develop steering concepts