Development of a New Simulation Software for Visual Ergonomy of a Cockpit Pascal MARTINEZ
Jan 17, 2016
Development of a New Simulation Software for Visual
Ergonomy of a Cockpit
Pascal MARTINEZ
Author team
OPTIS : Optics & Software development• Jacques Delacour (President)• Pascal Martinez (Vice-President)• Laurent Fournier & Eric Humbert (Physicist & Software Dvt)• Gunther Hasna (Benchmark Group Manager)
NEMOPTIC : LCD manufacturer• Jean-François LEGAY (Engineer)
IMNSSA : Military Medical Department• Jean-Pierre MENU (Specialist in vision in aeronautics – co-
author of « Operational Colour Vision in The Modern Aviation Environment)
Light is everywhere!
OPTIS Solutions
Optics Photometry & Colorimetry
Environment lighting Physics based Photo-realism
The Needs we address• More and more information are displayed
in a cockpit. Harnessing color and light environment is the key to :– Improve detection– Avoid tiredness
• For safety reasons, these information must be clear and readable– What level of light? Which color?– How uniform ? How big ? Which resolution?
• And to answer what if :– The sun was in a given direction?– I use Head-Up displays, Night Vision Devices
A380 Cockpit
A380 cockpit – Courtesy of Airbus Industry
Goal of this development
• Simulate the lighting environment of a cockpit– Evaluate the light level and color for displayed
information– Determine the effect of the ambient light– Simulate the effect of the sun / landing lights
• Simulate the physiological human vision– Simulate the eye response to light/color– Simulate the eye perception
• Analyze a detectable/non detectable signal
Software Environment
• CAD/CAM software compatible via native format files and STEP, IGES
• Integrated in CATIA V5 environment• Based on our SPEOS photometry
simulation software (used by Dassault Aviation / BAE / EADS / Lear…)
• Based on Nemoptic and CNRS research center for LCD modules simulation
• Using OPTIS Extended optical library of materials, surface qualities and sources
Problem definition
There are many issues to solve during the development process of a cockpit :
• the choice of display technology CRT, LCD.• the use of ISO visual standards related to the use
of color on displays.• the position of the displays and information• the problem of contrast reduction due to reflected
ambient light• the problem of contrast reduction due to direct
light and background• the detection of information• Night Vision Devices
Algorithm
3D SCENE (CAD/CAM) + optical properties
Instruments
Light Source
HiFispectral
LuminanceMap
Sensors
ResultsStandards
Eye Model
LightPropagation
OPTIS Photometric simulation
• More than 10 years R&D in simulation of :– Light emission (incandescent, discharge, LED,
sun, Black bodies, LCD)– Optical propagation (spectral absorbing and
diffusing material : air, fog, …)– Photons/Matter interaction (diffusion, BRDF,
BTDF, color, …)
• Based on an optimized Monte-Carlo approach
• Fully spectral approach from UV to IR
Photometric simulationSource emission Light propagation
Spectral behaviour Luminance results
Colorimetry & Visual standards
• Results are compared to International standards– ISO : part 8 of ISO 9241– Military standards
MIL-S-22885
• Specifications compliance
CRT & LCD display models
First model for CRT & LCD Integrators • Emittance = spectral BMP• 3D Intensity distribution (IES format file) • Glass material and coating• Total emitted flux
SimulationResult
CRT & LCD display models (2)
For display system designer :
Backlighting (+ LCD)
• Handling of light guide’s complex geometry coming from CAD/CAM software, adding thousands of evolutive 3D patterns for the backlighting
CRT & LCD display models (3)
For display system designer :
(Backlighting +) LCD
• LCD simulation (Optis+Nemoptic) handling– the physical behavior of
the liquid crystal– Polarization effects– Transmitted and reflected
light effects
Color washout
• SPEOS computes the multiple light reflection into the 3D system, coming from all the sources
• After hitting the window of the display, light will be partly diffused onto the direction of the pilote
• This additionnal light will impact the contrast of the displayed information
Color Washout (results)
Contrast evaluation
Eye model : Response to light
• High range of dynamic : 10-6 to 108 cd/m²• Two kind of photoreceptors :– Cones (Color cells) red, green and blue
sensitive type in central vision– Luminosity cells in peripheral vision
Day vision 5.10-2 cd/m²0.35 cd/m²0.7 cd/m²
Eye model : Detection
Ambient light generates• Contrast reduction of the display (seen)• Loss of sensitivity : adaptation of the eye
High level of luminance scene
Photometric response before applying eye model
Eye model : the grey cross is not detected
Cockpit Simulation : Day
Left part: Ambient
light
Sun effect on
the retinae
Cockpit Simulation : Night
Left part: Ambient
light
Night vision on the retinae
Eye Model : spatial response
• It is the angular response of the eye, depending on :– The distance to the fovea– The level of light
Mesopic VisionPhotopic Vision
DAY
Scotopic Vision
NIGHT
Cockpit Simulation - Night
Loss of resolutionOriginal result
Eye Model : focusing• In a 3D scene, when looking at a precise
spot, the eye is making a focus adaptation on this point. Other part are becoming flou
Focus on the foreground Focus on the background
Validation
• Photometric models have been fully validated on industrial applications
• Easy to isolate Photometric/Physiologic points
• Physiological models are based on experiments litterature
• Difficult to isolate Eye process / Brain process
• Possible to take into account vision defects, age, presence of goggles
Conclusion
• OPTIS now introduces the first Visual Ergonomics Simulation Software which is the meeting point of :
• Simulation• CAD/CAM• Ergonomics
• Solution based on a unique 12 years R&D program on photometric simulation
• Available now as a standalone package• Integrated in Catia V5 in the next 6 months for CATIA and
MSC.Software users
• OPTIS / Visual Ergonomics will provide aeronautics engineers with a communication tool with pilots and focus groups of passengers
OPTIS / Visual Ergonomics
Thanks for your attention…
www.optis-world.com