Development, Governance and Management of Recovery advancing disaster resilience Lessons emerging from the Rapid Review of the Hurricanes Irma and Maria Response Asha Kambon PhD Public Policy Expert PDNA Assessor/Trainer December 4th, 2017 Nassau, Bahamas
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Development, Governance and Management of Recovery
advancing disaster resilience
Lessons emerging from the Rapid Review
of the Hurricanes Irma and Maria Response
Asha Kambon PhD
Public Policy Expert
PDNA Assessor/Trainer
December 4th, 2017 Nassau, Bahamas
The Caribbean and Disasters • Since 1950, the region has been hit on average, by seven disasters per
year, that have killed hundreds of thousands of people and affected millions more.
• Annual damage in the Caribbean accounts for 40 percent of global damage
• Caribbean small states have suffered more damage at greater frequency than both other small and larger states.
• Climate change is expected to exacerbate these effects by increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters, affecting the livelihood of the populations, and harming the essential assets their insufficiently diversified economies rely on.
The recovery funding gap
The cost of uninsured losses from Hurricane Irma in the Caribbean is estimated at
between $7 billion and $15 billion.
The UK has committed £57 million to recovery in
Anguilla, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and the British Virgin Islands.
But in BVI alone, losses are estimated at $3.6 billion,
The combination recovery effort for Hurricanes Irma and Maria will cost Puerto
Rico $94 billion
A $36.5 billion disaster relief package has been
offered , of which 14% is a loan package
Hurricane Maria is estimated to amount to 224% of Dominica’s GDP
Recovery needs, amount to EC$3.64 billion (US$1.35
billion).
Hurricane Irma is estimated to amount to 9% of Antigua
and Barbuda's GDP
Recovery needs amount to EC$ 600.1 million (US$ 222.2
million).
US.1.3billion in Pledges for the Caribbean and US$1
billion in loans
common definitions
the capacity of individuals and
groups to make their own choices and
influence decision making
GOVERNANCE
adaptability and transformability
RESILIENCE
changes in social and economic structures that
restore facilities and livelihoods
RECOVERY
increasing citizens access
and opportunities
DEVELOPMENT
Selected Caribbean
Countries/Terrorities
Gini
Coeficient
Share of
Consumption by
the poorest
Share of
Consumption
by the rishest
Antigua and Barbuda 0.48 (2005/6) 4.5 56.3
Dominica 0.44 (2008/9) 2.0 37.2
Puerto Rico 0.531(2012) 5.6 60.0
Notes: CPA Dominica 2008/9; CPA Antigua and Barbuda 2005/6; Inequality
Disasters of such magnitude present an opportunity for real transformation in the social, economic and environmental arenas
What would such transformation look like
• Would treat with the root causes of lack of resilience
• Would address the growing income inequalities
• Would foster real inclusive growth
• Would demonstrate social justice for women, the differently abled and for the marginalised
• Would safeguard our environment and cultural heritage for future generations
Lessons: Governance
Free movement of people and goods
Strengthen regional
integration
Diversify our
economies
Recovery Response Regional
collaboration
Lessons - Governance
Greater reliance on evidenced based policy
How do we use available technology smarter?
1
Inclusive decision making /participatory democracy
Who is listening to Barbuda?
2
Gender equality and measures that reduce structural inequalities such as pre existing gender wage and skills gaps
3
Unequal Pay in the USA
Unequal Pay in the Caribbean (based on comparative analysis of Barbados and
Jamaica) 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Barbados Jamaica
Average wage gap between men and women
Male Females
Hurricane Irma and Marie remind us to manage ‘the Commons’ Water and Electricity
The notion of the ‘tragedy of the commons’ is an economic theory of a
situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own
self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their
collective action
More carefully considered regulations when small island states are negotiating
sale or management of what could actually be defined as “commons” -
public utilities such as water and electricity.
Common property, eco systems and
social resources
Hurricane Irma and Maria challenge us to manage property, eco systems and social resources held in common differently
• Kalinago people in Dominica
• Persons of African descent of the enslaved population of Barbuda ( for all purposes can be regarded as the Maroons of Suriname and Jamaica)
What about our Environmental and Cultural heritage?
• In the aftermath of Irma and Maria the challenge in the recovery process is • To protect that which is authentic and
unique in our societies and our environment
• Not allow the tyranny of the urgent - under mistaken notions of ‘development’, ‘recovery or ‘building back better’ - destroy real and future possibilities for sustainable development
• Engage our rich social capital to safeguard our natural capital and cultural heritage
Recovery processes that empower women and men, strengthen livelihood capacities and offer a more just society for all
Processes that support the empowerment of people –
women and men - so they can be engaged in resilience
building and true recovery
Better Physical land Use planning and compliance
Smarter use of technology – as part of building resilience
and reducing risk
What is needed?
Investment in human capital
Emerging Lessons for Recovery
1 There is no quick fix to Recovery
2
Building resilience can not happen by just addressing the
symptoms of the lack of resilience – such as building back
better – it must address the root causes of our
vulnerability
3
Neo-liberal economic policy that second placed social development has not brought greater equality to
even developed countries – We have to dare to be innovative
Greater equality is key to peace and peace is key to
development
PPPs are useless unless you build partnerships with civil