Development and Practice of Network Convergence Technology Liu Yunjie 24 July 2007.

Development and Practice of Network Convergence Technology

Liu Yunjie 24 July 2007

AgendaAgenda

I.I. Problems of IP network and solutionsProblems of IP network and solutions

II.II. Technology and practice of network convergenceTechnology and practice of network convergence

III.III. Debates on network neutrality and implicationsDebates on network neutrality and implications

A

B

C

D

E

Problem of router technology Unable to monitor, no awareness of the real-time status of the network

Unable to exchange real-time information about network status between routers

The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) algorithm of IP network can only be conducted based on the static topology database of the network

i.e. no Traffic Engineering (TE), no Operation Administration Management (OAM) and resource management function

Problems of IP networkProblems of IP network

UncontrollableUncontrollable UnmanageableUnmanageable Unable to guarantee QoS for real-time servicesUnable to guarantee QoS for real-time services Security issueSecurity issue Scalability issueScalability issue

I. I. Problems of IP network and solutionsProblems of IP network and solutions

TE & OAM

OSPFrouter

Solution:

Adding TE, OAM and MPLS resource management functions in router

To find out the situation of network resources: trunk line bandwidth, node ports, switching capacity, queuing statistics and the path determined by network topology, etc.

The capability to timely adjust network resources when fault or congestion or new resource call occurs amidst operation of the network

To allow for allocation of correspondent resources for every category of services born over the network through enhanced DS-TE technology, enabling definition of different service level in a LSP

Enable IP network a controllable, manageable and intelligent network that can guarantee QoS.

1） Adding MPLS OAM function to transmit information about network operation and maintenance status

Detecting operation status of each LSP Detecting the utilization rate of each LSP, and bandwidth occupation of each

type of service Detecting the end-to-end latency of each LSP MPLS L2 OAM and ATM OAM constitute comprehensive end-to-end OAM,

providing for services such as MPLS core network bearing ATM FR and circuit emulation

2) Adding MPLS quick trouble-shooting and switch fail to safe capability Enabling quick trouble-shooting by adding two-way failure testing Bidirection

al Detection of Failure (BDF) capability3) Adding call access control (CAC)4) Expanding OSPF algorithm to constraint-based shortest path first (CSPF) algorithm5) Others

Graceful restart of MPLS Routing engine graceful switching (REGS) Online software upgrade (ISSU)

The technology plan of router alteration beThe technology plan of router alteration be

gins to be accepted by the industrygins to be accepted by the industry

The technology plan of adding The technology plan of adding TE/OAMTE/OAM caca

pability in router has been adopted by indupability in router has been adopted by indu

stry leaders like stry leaders like CISCO CISCO andand JUNIPER JUNIPER

This year, the This year, the BFDBFD standard that standard that CISCO CISCO aa

ndnd JUNIPER will JUNIPER will jointlyjointly submit to IETF submit to IETF is is

a key component of a key component of TE/OAMTE/OAM (see right) (see right)

The industry has widely recognized the plaThe industry has widely recognized the pla

n. n. Huawei Huawei is also redesign its equipment acis also redesign its equipment ac

cording to this idea.cording to this idea.

CISCOJuly， 2005

The above technology has been adopted by manufacturerThe above technology has been adopted by manufacturer

(1) Improvement of (1) Improvement of fibrefibre optical transport network is the foundation fo optical transport network is the foundation for convergencer convergence

(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence

(3) Core service network is the engine for convergence(3) Core service network is the engine for convergence

(4) Metro Area Network and Access Network are guarantee for conve(4) Metro Area Network and Access Network are guarantee for convergencergence

2. Technology and practice of 2. Technology and practice of network convergencenetwork convergence

(1) Improvement of fibre optical transport network (1) Improvement of fibre optical transport network is the foundation for convergenceis the foundation for convergence

Convergence of networks and services makes the unpredictability of traffic and uncertain of growth

more salient;

Migrating from static transport network to intelligent dynamic network with features such as cross

connecting, signaling, switching, allowing for dynamic bandwidth allocation and multi-service;

The combination of ASON and IP technology enables migration of traditional complicated multi-

layer network and migration to a network with simple and flat structure;

Unified transport administrative system with stronger intelligence.

Legend: NE－ network element (networked equipment)

Support

NE

NE

NESub-network 1

NE

NENENE

NE NE

NE

User-aware network互联网Internet

Fixed line network

Data network

Mobile netowrk

Video network

Sub-network 2

Sub-network 3

Most of the telecom operators choose to formulate their own standards and require equipment vendors to be adapted to them. This is difficult because the design of vendors’ equipment is already finalized.

Vendor 2 Vendor 1

Vendor 3

Vendor 4

Eliminating the heterogeneity of network through interface adaptation and virtual network element technology

Virtual network element is a functional component delivered by software. Unified and intelligent management of equipment from various vendors is realized through allocation of virtual network elements.

NENE

NE NE NENE

NE

NENENE

Layer of transmission

EA SNMA EMAEA EA

Layer of adaptation

VNE VNE

VNEVNE

VNE

VNEVNE

VNE

VNE

VNE

Layer of intelligent management

Legends:

NE－ network element (networked equipment); SNMA－ sub-network management adaptor; EMA－ Network element management adaptor; VNE－ Virtual Network Element; EA－ Network Element Adaptor

• Leveraging the potential of network management by using case-based root cause analysis

Fault presentation and handling

Filtration

Network

Root cause analysis

Quick and accurate trouble-shooting through multi-stage filtration and expert database.

NE

NE

NE NE

NE

NE

Root cause analysis engineExpert

database

FilterAlarm inf

or

Resource poolProvision

information

Threshold

Perfor infor

Line failure

Network element failure

circuit-based service failure

Customer-related failure

100%

40%

0.3%

Background of network convergence

Video network

Voice network

Mobile data network

Traditional data network

Currently separated networks Integrated bearing network

多种业务接入

Network control point

EvolutionEvolution

One network for one service, multiple networks for multiple services

A unified network platform delivering multiple services

Internet

Video network

Mobile data networkInternet

Traditional data network

Voice network

？

(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence

1970’s 1980’s 1990’s today

Based on circuit switch Based on router Based on ATM • Packet technology• Multiservice• Function separation quality of service• equal access• wide mobility• …

ISDN InternetB- ISDN NGN

Roadmap of convergence in telecom and IT sector in the last several decades

Delivering multi-service through multiple logic Virtual Private Networks over a unified network platform

Each VPN defines its own QoS class and route table based on the service

VPNs are separated from each other, solving the reliability problem

Convergence of services is achieved for telecom, computer and video networks, providing a feasible technological approach for convergence of networks

Convergence of networks is achieved for the first time for voice, video, Internet, data and CDMA 1X in 330 cities across the country

How multiple service networks simultaneously operating How multiple service networks simultaneously operating on one single physical platformon one single physical platform

A study shows that international telecom operators converged their networks in 2004-2006. “Multiservice Unified Network Platform” achieved network convergence in 2000, about 4 years in advance.

A study shows that international telecom operators converged their networks in 2004-2006. “Multiservice Unified Network Platform” achieved network convergence in 2000, about 4 years in advance.

Most telecom companies realize network convergence through the same technological approach

Yankee Group found out in a report in 2004 that 17 out of the world’s top 20 telecom companies had begun to adopt IP/MPLS as their solution for network convergence.

IP

ATM

PSTN

DSLKStream

PSTN DPCN

PDH

Fibre

Copper

DWSS

ASDH

EndUser

~5knodes

~2knodes

~400nodes

~100nodes

~15nodes

MSH -SDH

~1knodes

Mesh -SDH

Inter-node transmission provided by SDH/PDH platforms

CWSS

ROW &

Other Networks

Current multi-service and multiple network structure of BT

Source: BT CTO Mick Reeve

BT’s 21 century network is evolving by leveraging IP/MPLS

IP

PSTN

DSL

PSTN

Fibre &Copper

Copper

Agg Box

EndUser

~5knodes

~400nodes

~100nodes

MSH -SDH

~1knodes

Inter-node transmission

provided by SDH platform

Call Server

ASDH derivative agg.box relieves PDH

ROW &

Other Networks

Evolution: number of networks gradually decreases

Source: BT CTO Mick Reeve

IP-MPLS-WDMDSL

Fibre &Copper

Copper

Agg Box

EndUser

~5knodes

~100nodes

Class 5 Call Server

GFP on SDH

Content

WWW

ISPPSTN services migrate to IP

ROW &

Other Networks

Objective of evolution: to realize network convergence

Source: BT CTO Mick Reeve

Solving vertically separate service system and realizing complete layered convergence

Vertically separate service bodiesIMS

Unified resources: shared data, Unified resources: shared data, single user profile, comprehensive single user profile, comprehensive customer experiencecustomer experience

Unified resources: shared data, Unified resources: shared data, single user profile, comprehensive single user profile, comprehensive customer experiencecustomer experience

Unified session controlUnified session controlUnified session controlUnified session control

Independent accessIndependent access• Multiservice solution• supporting global roaming• Service robust and continuity

Independent accessIndependent access• Multiservice solution• supporting global roaming• Service robust and continuity

Simplified and converged applicationsSimplified and converged applications• same application for different networks• application separate from network• Driving down development and delivery cost

Simplified and converged applicationsSimplified and converged applications• same application for different networks• application separate from network• Driving down development and delivery cost

SESSION

IM VoIP VoD

… …

(3) service network is engine for convergence(3) service network is engine for convergence

Trend of evolution of soft switch – evolving toward the next generation network with IMS as its core

Consolidated SoftSwitch ModelConsolidated SoftSwitch Model 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Model3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Model

– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party app support party app support– Custom hardware/softwareCustom hardware/software– No IP SupportNo IP Support– Bearer follows signalingBearer follows signaling

– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party app support party app support– Custom hardware/softwareCustom hardware/software– No IP SupportNo IP Support– Bearer follows signalingBearer follows signaling

Traditional Switch ModelTraditional Switch Model

– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party API standardization party API standardization– 33rdrd party application interactions limited by party application interactions limited by embedded services/call model embedded services/call model– Internal element integration limits deployment optionsInternal element integration limits deployment options

– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party API standardization party API standardization– 33rdrd party application interactions limited by party application interactions limited by embedded services/call model embedded services/call model– Internal element integration limits deployment optionsInternal element integration limits deployment options

+ Call control separate from bearerCall control separate from bearer+ IP and multi-media enabledIP and multi-media enabled+ Commodity hardware and standardized interfacesCommodity hardware and standardized interfaces+ Better 3Better 3rdrd party application support party application support

+ Call control separate from bearerCall control separate from bearer+ IP and multi-media enabledIP and multi-media enabled+ Commodity hardware and standardized interfacesCommodity hardware and standardized interfaces+ Better 3Better 3rdrd party application support party application support

+ Further decomposition / deployable elementsFurther decomposition / deployable elements+ Flexible data driven session controlFlexible data driven session control+ Standardized SIP interfacesStandardized SIP interfaces+ Standardized, flexible, application supportStandardized, flexible, application support+ Common subscriber dataCommon subscriber data

+ Further decomposition / deployable elementsFurther decomposition / deployable elements+ Flexible data driven session controlFlexible data driven session control+ Standardized SIP interfacesStandardized SIP interfaces+ Standardized, flexible, application supportStandardized, flexible, application support+ Common subscriber dataCommon subscriber data

H.248/MEGACO

JTAPI, Parlay,& Proprietary

SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway

SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway

EmbeddedEmbeddedServicesServices

EmbeddedEmbeddedServicesServices

MediaMediaGatewayGatewayMediaMedia

GatewayGateway

Call Call ControlControl

Call Call ControlControl

Media GW Media GW ControllerControllerMedia GW Media GW ControllerController

AppAppServersServers

AppAppServersServers

SubscriberSubscriberDataData

WirelineWireline

SubscriberSubscriberDataData

WirelessWireless

SIP, H.323,& MGCP

AnalogCircuit Wireless

IPEndpoints

IPIPIPIP

MGCFMGCF

H.248

SIP

SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway

SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway

MediaMediaGatewayGatewayMediaMedia

GatewayGateway

Session ControlSession ControlCSCFCSCF

Session ControlSession ControlCSCFCSCF

Media GW Media GW ControllerControllerMedia GW Media GW ControllerController

AppAppServersServers

AppAppServersServersSubscriberSubscriber

DataData

SIP

AnalogCircuit WirelessSIP Endpoints

AppAppServersServers

AppAppServersServersAppApp

ServersServersAppApp

ServersServers

SIP

IPIPIPIP

IN, AIN,& Camel

SignallingSignallingSignallingSignalling

FeaturesFeaturesFeaturesFeatures

SwitchSwitchFabricFabricSwitchSwitchFabricFabric

Call Call ControlControl

Call Call ControlControl

Bearer Bearer Path Path

ControlControl

Bearer Bearer Path Path

ControlControl

IN IN ServicesServices

IN IN ServicesServices

SubscriberSubscriberDataData

WirelineWireline

SubscriberSubscriberDataData

WirelessWireless

AnalogCircuit Wireless

XML

Control structure: (CCM) + service access control point (SACP)

(4) MAN and Access Network are guarantee for convergence(4) MAN and Access Network are guarantee for convergence

A. Structure, authentication, billing and security system of MANA. Structure, authentication, billing and security system of MAN

B. New development of MAN – telecom class B. New development of MAN – telecom class EthernetEthernet

MEF – Ethernet Characteristics

MEF – Architecture Framework/Reference Points Model

Subscriber

Public Service /Transport Networks

UNI NNIMetro Ethernet Network

(MEN)

What if I told you Scalability, Demarcation, Resiliency, TE-like tunneling and OAM were achievable without:

• Adding MPLS control plane• Keep low cost point near native Ethernet

Working inwardfrom the edge

Working outwardfrom the core

Making it worktogether

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is a new standard developed in North America and

Europe, designed to realize integration of WLAN, Bluetooth and mobile network. It can

transmit CDMA and GSM voice and data through wireless technologies like WLAN and

Bluetooth which do not require frequency license.

C. Convergence of wireless and wired accessC. Convergence of wireless and wired access

Two major acquisitions in recent years in the U.S. telecom sector were designed to realize full-service operation.

SBC acquires AT&T: SBC, which controlled Cingular Wireless, acquired data and long-distance service provider AT&T, becoming the largest comprehensive service provider in the U.S.

Verizon acquires MCI: Verizon, which owns both fixed line and mobile business, acquired MCI, the second largest long-distance and data service provider, strengthening its capability in these areas.

U.S.: convergence of mobile and fixed line – capital market in actionU.S.: convergence of mobile and fixed line – capital market in action

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMAUnlicensed Mobile Access (UMA))

The advantage of wire line is high bandwidth and abundant resources, while wireless communications can deliver mobility and convenience. The convergence of mobile and fixed line can leverage the advantages of both.

Converged cell phone

Base station

VoIP Gateway

PSTN

Cellular (GSM)

Bluetooth WiFi

BroadbandLink

PSTN Link

NTE

ADSL NTE

or

BluePhoneAccess point

Wired broadband is limitless: Since 1980s, the bandwidth of fibre communications has grown 10 times every 5 years, price decreased by 50% every 3 years, showing immense potential.

Wireless bandwidth is limited, but its application is limitless: the available radio frequency resources are limited and will be increasingly scare.

In June 2004, several world’s leading telecom operators established a global alliance – Fixed and Mobile Convergence Alliance, to promote converged services. Members of the alliance include DoCoMo, BT, Cegetel, KT, Swisscom and Telstra, etc. Included in the alliance are both wired phone companies and mobile giants, which are seeking win-win cooperation.

III. Implications of debates on network III. Implications of debates on network neutralityneutrality

1. Background of network neutrality1. Background of network neutrality

On 8 June 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives rejected the Democrat-backed concept of Net On 8 June 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives rejected the Democrat-backed concept of Net neutrality, dealing a bitter blow to Internet companies like Amazon.com, eBay and Google that had neutrality, dealing a bitter blow to Internet companies like Amazon.com, eBay and Google that had engaged in campaigns to support it. But the story did not stop here. The opposing two sides were lobbying engaged in campaigns to support it. But the story did not stop here. The opposing two sides were lobbying the Congress very hard, attempting to get a favorable legal environment for them. The controversy over Net the Congress very hard, attempting to get a favorable legal environment for them. The controversy over Net neutrality will be a significant game for communications and information industry since the Internet was neutrality will be a significant game for communications and information industry since the Internet was invented, and has a bearing on the interest of the information industry. ICPs and VoIP service providers invented, and has a bearing on the interest of the information industry. ICPs and VoIP service providers supported legislation of Net neutrality, as they are afraid that their services might be discriminated by supported legislation of Net neutrality, as they are afraid that their services might be discriminated by network providers.network providers.

Broadband providers, such as large telecom and cable TV companies, were against legislation of Net Broadband providers, such as large telecom and cable TV companies, were against legislation of Net neutrality, saying they will not suffocate any website or service, and they only want to maintain the right to neutrality, saying they will not suffocate any website or service, and they only want to maintain the right to charge the "expressway." Broadband providers have spent billions of dollars in upgrading their networks. charge the "expressway." Broadband providers have spent billions of dollars in upgrading their networks. Verizon and their supporters said the concern about network neutrality is unnecessary, and the legislation Verizon and their supporters said the concern about network neutrality is unnecessary, and the legislation will discourage their incentive to invest in broadband.will discourage their incentive to invest in broadband.

Broadband companies and content providers left no stone unturned to lobby in Washington over the Broadband companies and content providers left no stone unturned to lobby in Washington over the network neutrality legislation. But broadband providers were three times more generous than content network neutrality legislation. But broadband providers were three times more generous than content providers. Companies like AT&T spent $230.9 million in lobbying Congressmen since 1998, while providers. Companies like AT&T spent $230.9 million in lobbying Congressmen since 1998, while Google, Amazon and their supporters spent $71.2 million.Google, Amazon and their supporters spent $71.2 million.

2. Implications for us2. Implications for usIt is imperative that telecom operators step up technological innovation and upgrade their network to It is imperative that telecom operators step up technological innovation and upgrade their network to

address new challenges.address new challenges.

Thank you!Thank you!