DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENTChapter 3

The Decades of LifeWrite one-two words that seem appropriate to each decade of life.

Decades:0-910-1920-2930-3940-4950-5960-6970-7980-89

Write the letter “E” next to the decade for which it

was easiest to find words and the letter “H” next to

the decade for which it was the hardest to find

words.

Objective 1: What are three major issues studied by developmental

psychologists? 1. Nature & Nurture:

What has a greater impact on who you are – DNA or home environment?

2. Continuity & Stages:Is development more of a gradual process or

more of a series of unique stages3. Stability & Change:

Do our core personality traits persist through life or are we different people as we age?

Development SurveyAnswer #s 1-9Reverse #3, #4, #5

0 change to 51 change to 42 change to 33 change to 24 change to 15 change to 0

Total #s 1,4,7 = Total #s 2,5,8 = Total #s 3,6,9=

Stability/Change Score = (1,4,7)

Continuity/ Stages Score = (2,5,8)

Nature / Nurture Score = (3,6,9)

8+ = traits persist7- = traits change

8+ = dev gradual/continuous7- = distinct unique stages

8+ =see nature (DNA) as more important7- = see nurture (home) as more imp.

Put your scores & what they mean in your notes next to definitions of the 3 debates

ConceptionObjective 2:

How does conception occur, & what are chromosomes, DNA, genes, and the genome

Conception: egg nucleus and sperm nucleus fuse

Prenatal DevelopmentChromosomes

structures that carry genes, which are the basic units of heredity

DNAthe biological instructions that

make each species uniqueCarry genes

Genessegment of DNAactive or inactivetriggered by environment

Heredity passing traits from parent to offspring

Genomeshared human genetic code

Heredity & environment interact.

Kalie & Ashley

Objective 3: How does life develop before birth, and how do

teratogens put prenatal development at risk?

fertilized egg = zygote (1st 10 days)

embryo = week 2 -8fetus = 9 weeks on

teratogens – damage fetus(FAS)

Objective 4:What are the newborns abilities & traits?

Reflexesresponses suited for survivalRooting

Gaze longer at facelike images

Look at images 12 inches away

Within days after birth can distinguish mother’s smell & voice

Babies also differ…Temperament – emotional excitability

identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins to share the same temperament

Activity = energy output don’t sit still long; active rather than quiet activities

Emotionality = intensity of emotional reactions – frightened or angry very quickly

Sociability = tendency to affiliate & interact w/ others. Seek out others & enjoy their company

Reverse the score for #s 6, 18 & 19 (5=1,4=2,3=3,2=4,1=5)

#2,7,10,17 Activity Total

#1,6,15,20 Sociability Total

#4-9-11-16: distress score#3-12-14-19: fearfulness score

#5-8-13-18: anger score

13.4 / 12.8

13.4 / 12.8

10.0 / 9.7

10.6/8.910.2/10.8

Objective 5: How do twin & adoption studies help us understand the effects of nature nurture

separated twin studies control ___________while varying

the_____________

adoption studies control ______________while varying

the_____________

non-twin siblings who grow up together, whether biologically related or not, do not much resemble one another in personality

adoptees are more similar to biological parents than adoptive parents in most traits except for religious & political beliefs

Heredity/DNA

environment

environment

Heredity/DNA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wd5Y3-F79LY

(Twins Clip #1 5 minutes)

Infancy Childhood

Objective 6How do the brain & motor skills develop during

infancy & childhood? maturation: biological growth process

leading to orderly changes in behavior, independent of experience

born w/ all brain cells ever need BUT it’s the wiring – the neural networks – that develop throughout life

Objective 6…Brain Development

Brain development3 to 6 years (frontal

lobe)Association Areas –

last to developPruning process

happens in teen years“use-it-or-lose-it”

nature & nurture working together

critical period:

time early in life when

exposure to certain

stimuli/experience is needed

for proper development

Objective 6Motor Development…

the sequence of physical development is universalheredity plays major role in motor dev.

(experience doesn’t have much effect)

Developmental Landmarks1. Laugh – 2 months2. Tricycle – 24 months3. Sit – 5/6 months4. Ashamed – 2 years5. Walk – 12 months6. 1 foot - 4 ½ years7. Recognize & smile at mom or dad – 4/5 months8. Kick ball forward – 20 months9. Think about things unseen – 2 years10. 2-word sentences – 20/22 months

Objective 7How did Piaget view the developmental stages of a child’s mind, & how does current thinking about

cognitive development differ?

cognitive development

Babies only 3 months old can learn that kicking moves a

mobile, and they can retain that learning

for a month.

After habituating to the stimulus on the left, 4-month-olds stared longer if shown

the impossible version of the cube—where one of the back vertical bars crosses over a front horizontal bar.

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

“If we examine the intellectual development of the individual or of the whole of humanity, we shall find that the human spirit goes through a certain number of stages, each different from the other”

18- to 30-month-old children may fail to take the size of an object into account when trying to perform impossible actions with it.

At left, a 21-month-old attempts to slide down a miniature slide. At right, a 24-month-old opens the door to a miniature car and

tries to step inside.

struggle to make sense of our experiences

Objective 7Piaget…

People constantly building SCHEMAS – framework that organizes & interprets information

sensorimotor

preoperational

concrete operational

formal operational

STAGE EXAMPLE OF BEHAVIORKEY TERMSAGE

Define term

Provide any key terms given &

defineGive age rang

e

Leave 5 lines for each box

object permanence

conservation

egocentrictheory of mind