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The relatively high economic growth leads to an increase in infrastructure needs in Indonesia. Providing these needs for infrastructure has an irreplaceable role in improving the overall quality of life of the population, therefore its success requires support and commitment from various stakeholder groups. In the context of the support, a concept to approach the stakeholders is known as stakeholder engagement. The objective of this research is to measure the effectiveness of a program in affecting the condition of stakeholders, and in developing the stakeholder engagement which will directly determine the success of infrastructure development. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method through case study approach to observe the relationship between the use of stakeholder-involvement program and the level of stakeholder engagement. The results show that the quality of activities (procedural quality, responsiveness quality, quality of outcomes) shows relatively good results with a middle-level involvement. It will require more activities to trigger a more intense relationships and to increase the level of stakeholder engagement in providing their support for infrastructure development.
Keywords: stakeholder, stakeholder engagement; infrastructure development
Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang relatif tinggi menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan infrastruktur di Indonesia. Pemenuhan kebutuhan akan infrastruktur tersebut memiliki peranan penting dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan manusia, sehingga keberhasilannya memerlukan dukungan dan komitmen dari berbagai kelompok-kelompok yang berkepentingan (stakeholder). Dalam konteks dukungan tersebut kemudian dikenal sebuah konsep pendekatan terhadap stakeholder yang dikenal dengan istilah stakeholder engagament. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa baik sebuah program dalam mempengaruhi kondisi pemangku kepentingan, membangun terbentuknya stakeholder engagement yang akan ikut menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus untuk meneliti hubungan antara penggunaan bentuk program yang melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan terhadap tingkat keterlibatan para pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas kegiatan (procedural quality, responsiveness quality, quality of outcomes) menunjukkan hasil yang relatif baik dengan level keterlibatan menengah (middle). Diperlukan kegiatan-kegiatan pemicu yang dapat mengikat dalam hubungan yang lebih intens serta meningkatkan level keterlibatan para pemangku kepentingan dalam memberikan dukungannya terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur.
Kata Kunci: stakeholder, stakeholder engagement; pembangunan infrastruktur
zation of PT PII’s collateral on an infrastructure
development project using the PPP scheme.
From the documents collected by the researchers,
those who fall into the category of stakeholders
of PT PII are the parties in charge for the
cooperation projects (penanggung jawab proyek
Dimensi Scope of Analysis Source of DataStakeholder Identification
A stakeholder identification which includes understanding the issues encountered by the company and the type and characteristics of stakeholders
Documents, literature studies and interviews
Stakeholder Analysis Prioritization and mapping of the functions, roles and contributions of stakeholders in accordance with the operational needs of the organization.
Documents, literature studies and interviews
Stakeholder Communication
Preparation of communication plans targeted to stakeholders. The use of proactive strategy in stakeholder communication program - audience engagement
Documents, literature studies and interviews
Stakeholder Engagement
Monitoring of all the qualities of processes already undertaken within the stakeholder engagement framework in the form of an assessment of the quality of engagement and the rank or level of stakeholder engagement
Documents, literature studies and interviews
Table 2. Concept Operationalization
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ConsultanBPN
REI
Bappeda
Kemen PU - Bina Marga
DIPENGARUHI
MEM
PEN
GA
RUH
I
Investor
Figure 2: Positioning of PT PII’s Stakeholder
kerjasama/PJPK) coming from government
institutions and BUMN/BUMD, the government
of the Republic of Indonesia i.e. the ministry
institutions, investors, creditors, political groups
Stakeholder Ring 1 Ministries and related institutions, BUMN, PJPK
Head of Public Works Office Bina Marga, Head of Regional Development Planning Agency/ Bappeda (of East Java Province); Head of Bappeda, Head of Department of Transportation, Head of Public Work and Public Housing/PUPB Office, Head of National Land Agency/BPN (of Municipality of Malang); Head of Bappeda, Head of Department of Transportation, Head of Public Works Office, Head of BPN (of Regency of Malang), Director of PT. Sarana Multi Infrastruktur
Stakeholder Ring 2 Financier/Financing institution
PT Bank BNI 1946 (Persero)
Stakeholder Ring 3 Community and experts in their field
Dirlantas Polda Jatim (Directorate of Traffic, Police Office of East Java Province); Brawijaya University, Technical Consultant of Widyagama University of Malang, Transportation Observer, Head of Toll Road Association/AJT, Chairman of Real Estate Indonesia (REI) of East Java, Commissioner of Malang, Chairman of Organda (Organization of Public Transport) of Malang
Table 3. Stakeholder Mapping
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result shows that IIR activities are very useful,
where the participants actively responded to the
messages and there were positive feedback to
the organizer on their participation. Only the last
element (triggering event) was lacking, although
basically the organizers have prepared this form
of a triggering event, however the participants’
lack of information and the absence of a real
invitation to this matter made this element still
unfulfilled.
Stakeholder Engagement
Assessment of stakeholder engagement is
undertaken on the quality dimension that can
lead to the realization of stakeholder engagement
and asses on the level of stakeholder engagement.
The first quality dimension is procedural
quality. The invited stakeholders are selected
in a neutral and unbiased manner. Therefore
procedural quality can be deemed satisfactory.
As for the responsiveness quality dimension,
all the participants give a positive statement
on the responsiveness of the organizers in
handling and responding to the issues raised
by the participants. For the dimension of
quality outcomes, it may be concluded that all
participants feel quite involved in the decision
making and that their comments are also well
received by other participants.
The evaluation of stakeholder engagement
level is based on 2 (two) variables: intention
of engagement and level of influence. This
evaluation has identified 2 (two) main reasons
of intention/interest of the participants in
attending this IIR event: the participants want
to broaden their knowledge that can be based on
their interest in IIR events and theme of IIR, and
the participants want to know the opinions of
others and to give their own opinions in return.
Discussion and Analysis
The initial stage of stakeholder management is
carried out by the organizers through an initial
screening, in which the invited IRR participants
and speakers are directly influencing or being
influenced by PT PII and having a high to
moderate level (2-4) in terms of power, proximity
and urgency elements. They also represent the
elements of stakeholders in ring 1, 2 and 3. The
most important external stakeholders for PT PII
are the project owner or in this case PJPK and
the local government (Pemda). However both
stakeholders have a very heterogeneous profiles
that may differ depending on the type of on-
going project.
There are four steps undertaken by stakeholders
in the audience engagement within this
IIR activity: audience interest, audience
participation, audience feedback and triggering
events. The first three elements according to
the results have been acceptable, except for the
fourth element (triggering events). As for the
results of research on 3 (three) dimensions of
the stakeholder engagement quality category: 1)
procedural quality through the implementation
of IIR engagement activities is consistent with
the objectives; 2) responsiveness quality is
observed from how all participants felt quite
involved and having their opinion listened in
the decision-making forums and 3) quality
outcomes is seen from all the participants who
stated that their outcomes and opinions that
they provided gave a certain influence to the
forum although not yet at the policy level and
in terms of quality will affect the organizational
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