Developing A,ract-and-kill Strategies To Manage … Valley Research Laboratory Developing A,ract-and-kill Strategies To Manage Spo,ed Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii Matsumara,

Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

DevelopingA,ract-and-killStrategiesToManageSpo,edWingDrosophila,

DrosophilaSuzukiiMatsumara,InRaspberry.

!Male!Spotted Wing Drosophila!

Female!

PeterJentschExtensionAssociate


QuesGonsandObjecGves

•  Whatcomponentsoffereffec/veolfactory,visualandsensory

percep/onfora8rac/on?

•  Canweconstructanlonglas/ng,economicillyviableA8ractandKillsta/ontoreduceSWDpopula/onsleadingtoreducedfruitinjury?

•  CanA8ractandKill(AtK)Technologiesworkwellaloneordotheyrequirethecombina/onofothermanagementstrategiestoreducepes/cideloadinginsmallfruitproduc/onsystems?


SWDSpreadfrom2008–2013intheUS

• Italy2009• Russia2009• Spain2009• France2010

Hawaii1980


SWDinNewEngland-2016

FirstNYdetec/on2011inNYMid-SeptemberOrganicRaspberryRensselaer&SuffolkCoun/es


SWDinNewYork-2016

Monitoredin25Coun/esinNYS

FirstStateCaptureJune21,2016WayneCounty,NY


SuccessofSWDinSmallFruit

Occupiesarela/velynon-compe//veniche•  Abletopenetrateand

ovipositintoun-ripenedfruitusingahighlysclera/nized&serratedovipositor.


InvasiveInsectsSmallFruitProduc/on

•  Op/maldevelopmentisat65-70oF,~12daygenera/on/me.

•  Adultflieslivefor3-6weeks,andfemalescanlayover300eggs.

•  Limitedbyhighheatinsummerandbywintercold.But,SWDpopula/onsarefoundincoldregionsofJapan.

•  3-10genera/onsinNY

ReproducGveSuccessofSWDinSmallFruit


FruitAffectedbySWD

HighestriskStrawberriesRaspberriesCherries(Latevar,)NectarinesBlueberriesBlackberries

Moderaterisk

PeachesGrapesPearsApplesTomato

AlternatehostsWildplantswithberries,

suchas…TartarianHoneysuckleSnowberryElderberryPokeweedDogwood

•  HoneysuckleisaprimaryhostforSWD;L.tartaricafruitfavoredoverraspberryinJune-August.

MonitoringL.tartarica


SWDAlternateHost:Popula/onDevelopmentintheHV


SamplingandMonitoringProtocols

MonitoringWeeklytrapcaptures,4trapspersiteincludingTartarianHoneysuckleL.tartaricaExtensionOutreach:EDDMapsSamplingWeekly25fruitfromeachof4plantclusters(10')WeighandassessfruitforSWDeggs(expressedaseggs/gram)


MonitoringSWDUsingACVon6FarmsintheHudsonValleyEastern,NY-2012

FruitMonitoring&Injury

•  SWDoviposi/onmayprecedesadulttrapcapturesinproduc/onsystems.

•  Newertrapshaveincreasedsensi/vitytoadultpresence

•  Conven/onalandorganic

produc/onsystemscontainraspberryfruitwithSWDeggs&larva.

SWD Control in Mixed Small Fruit; Orange Co. 2012

Date Material Rate Commodity 27 June Malathion 57 2 pts./A Raspberry 1 July Assail 30SG 5 oz./A Raspberry 5 July Malathion 57 2 pts./A Raspberry 12  July Delegate 25WDG 3 oz./A Raspberry 14 July Brigade 8 oz./A Raspberry 19  July Assail 30SG 5 oz./A Raspberry 22  July Danitol 16 oz./A Raspberry 27  July Mustang Max 4 oz./A Raspberry 30  July Assail 30SG 5 oz./A Raspberry

6.31” Rainfall; 6 day application interval 5 August Delegate 25WDG 3 oz./A Raspberry 19 August Brigade 8 oz./A Raspberry

Managing Insecticide Resistance: Raspberry


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Eggs

/Lar

vae

per G

ram

Orange County Fruit Infestation- 2013

Raspberry

Blackberry

House Blackberries

Blueberries

Cherry

Strawberry

Raspberry Management

6.31” Rainfall

Managing Insecticide Resistance: Raspberry

TracyLeskey(USDA-ARS)DevelopingaBehaviorallyBasedA8ractandKillSystemforSWD

•  Colorimportant;blackandredrou/nelyoutperformedothercolors.

•  Asphericalshape:sizegreaterthan2.5cmacceptable.

•  BaitsenhanceSWDcapture

•  SWDinfestaGoninraspberriesreducedby50%whenspherewithsugarandbaitincagedstudies.Sprayedfruit+AtKincombinaGonmosteffecGveinmanagingSWDcomparedtoeitheraloneunderhighpressure.

CesarRodriguez-Saona,RutgersStateU.OfN.J.,RichardCowlesUniv.Conn.BaitcomparisonsofSWDinblueberry

•  SuzukiiandTrecebaitsveryeffecGveatcapturingSWDwithTreceandapplecidervinegarcapturinghighernumbersofnon-SWDflies.

Cowles,R.S.,C.Rodriguez-Saona,R.Holdcral,G.M.Loeb,J.E.Elsensohn,andS.P.Hesler.2015.SucroseimprovesinsecGcideacGvityagainstDrosophilasuzukii(Diptera:Drosophilidae).J.Econ.Entomol.1–14.DOI:10.1093/jee/tou100.


AtKBasedLiteratureEasternUS

AlanLKnight,EstebanBasoalto,WeeYee.AddingYeastswithSugartoIncreasetheNumberofEffec/veInsec/cideClassestoManageDrosophilasuzukii(Matsumura)(Diptera:Drosophilidae)inCherryPestManagementScience·October2015AlanLKnight,EstebanBasoalto,WeeYee.Developinganewbaitforspo8ed-wingdrosophilainorganiccherryproduc/onActahor/culturae1001(1001):147-152·July2013Increaseda,racGvenessofbaitusingbreadyeast,Saccharomycescerevisiae•  Exceedsthea,racGvenessofcommercialproductsGF-120®andNu-Lure®,•  AddiGonofthesugar-yeastbaittoEntrustincreasedflymortality4-foldin

early-seasonbioassayswithgreenandyellowcherries,reducingeggslaidandlarvalinfestaGonsby50%


AtKBasedLiteratureWesternUS


SWDAdultPreferenceBinaryChoiceTestsMean#AtKComponentA,racGveness

25%RedRaspberryConcentrate75%AppleCiderVinegarBrewersyeast:Saccharomycescerevisiae


Methods:DevelopmentofA8ractandKillforManagementofSWDinSmallFruit

AtKConstruc/on

•  3”substratewovenpolypropylenenerngasabase

•  SuperAbsorbentPolymer(SAP)

•  Gela/n•  Redraspberryconcentrate•  Applecidervinegar•  Brewersyeast•  1%A.I.•  AtKsolu/onappliedat2mL/disk


Methods:DevelopmentofA8ractandKillforManagementofSWDinSmallFruit

InsecticideProduct ActiveIngredient(IRACGroup)

Malathion5EC malathion(IRAC1B)Imidan70W phosmetIRAC1B)

Assail30SG acetamiprid(IRAC4A)Scorpion35SL dinotefuran(IRAC4A)

BrigadeEC bifenthrin(IRAC3A)MutangMax zeta-cypermethrin(IRAC3A)PyganicEC1.4 pyrethrin(IRAC3A)

TripleCrown bifenthrin,imidacloprid,zeta-cypermethrin(IRAC3A,4A)

DelegateWG spinetoram(IRAC5)EntrustSC spinosad(IRAC5)

Exirel cyazypyr(IRAC28)

BotaniGard;Mycotrol BeauveriabassianastrainGHABalEnce BeauveriabassianaDiptera-specificstrain(HF23

BoricAcid 99%BoricAcidHotShotMaxattraxRoachPowder 99%BoricAcidformulated


A8ractandKillSta/onEfficacyLabCagedStudies(25SWD48h75F75%rH14/10LD)

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

AdultM

ortality

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0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

99%Borax HotShotMaxatrax(99%BoricAcid)

EntrustSC UTCDisk UTC

Eggs/GramR

aspb

erry


A8ractandKillSta/onRechargeEfficacy

b

a

a

a

b

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1.2

UTC Dry Wet

SWDEggsPerGramofRaspberry&AdultMortality@72h24h(Wet)vs7d(Dry)treateddisks

EggsPerGram

%Mortality

1%A.I.Entrust(spinosad-Dow)

b


A8ractandKillSta/onRechargeEfficacy%M

ortality

SWDAdultMortality

Dry

Wet

Control

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00hr.6hr..18hr.24hr.48hr.120hr




0hr.6hr..18hr.24hr.48hr.120hr0

0.5

1

1.5

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2.5

3

EggsperGramofFruit

EggsPerGraminRaspberryFruit

Dry

Wet

Control



Insec/cidalOp/onsforAtKSta/ons

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20

25

30

35

40

45

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1.4

1.6

1.8

Weight(g)

Inchesofrainpe

rhou

r

WeightvsRainevents

Rain(inches) WWest(g) WEast(g)

April

May1

May15

June1

June15

Observa/ons•  Ini/alweightlossof>50%in30hoursandoverallseasonalweightlossof70%.•  Extendedraineventsincreasefluca/onsinAtKdiskweight.



Observa/ons•  Extendedhighrela/vehumidityalsoincreaseweight.•  Inversely,lowrHreducesweight.•  Morningdewisalsoabsorbedbythedisk.

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Weight(g)

RelaGv

eHu

midity

WeightvsRH

RH(%) WWest(g) WEast(g)

April15 May1 May15 June1 June15


A8rac/onofDrosophilatoAtKfromMorningDew

June14th–September19th8:30AM,

3RaspberryPlanGngson3FarmsitesintwoNYcounGes1ConvenGonal&2OrganicProducGonSystems

AtKplacement/medforeachrow(A,B,C)A.  1stSWDinNY(14thJune)B.  1stSWDonsite(19thJune)C.  1stSWDoviposi/onoffruit(25thJune)

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o





RepI RepII RepIII

90"






RepIV RepV RepVI

90"

C

B

A

ExperimentalFieldDesign*

*Rowspacing-11’;plantspacing3’;2of3sitesusedwiretrellisusedtohangAtKsta/ons








RepI RepII RepIII

90"






RepIV RepV RepVI

90"

C

B

A

ExperimentalFieldDesign

SplitBlock(RepsI-III)RedandYellowDisksprayedweekly(RepsIV-VI)RedandYellowDisksprayed2x/week








RepI RepII RepIII

90"






RepIV RepV RepVI

90"

C

B

A

ExperimentalFieldDesign

SplitBlock(RepsI-III)RedandYellowDisksprayedweekly(RepsIV-VI)RedandYellowDisksprayed2x/weekTreatments

Red o 1%Boraxtreateddisksspacedat1.5’(120)Disks/side=240disks/row

Yellow o 1%Boraxtreateddisksspacedat3’(60)Disks/side=120disks/rowGreen o Untreateddisksspacedat3’(60)Disks/side=120disks/row

18”or36”

AtKTreatmentSpacing


SWDDamageMeansinRaspberryFruit

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0.05

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0.20

0.25

Eggs/gram

AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryTrapanniOrchard,Marlboro,NY-2016

(Sprayedweekly)

a aa

b

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

a a

a

b

78.2% 69.8%55.2%

86.1% 91.3%

47.1%

F-Value P-Value0.99051 0.4415

Red(18”) Yellow(36”)Green(36”)UTC(Sprayed2x/week)



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Eggspergram

AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryWestWindOrchard,Accord,NY-2016

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(Sprayed1x/week)

aa

aa

aa

a

a


63.4% 47.3%33.7%

58.2% 50.6%

13.4%



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1

Eggspergram

AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryPFPOrganicCSA,Poughkeepsie,NY-2016

0

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0.4

0.6

0.8

1(Sprayed1x/week)

a aa

b

a aa

b

59.5% 45.5%65.6%

70.4% 64.3%

44.8%




CombinedFarm&AtKApplicaGonTiming

*59.9%Reduc/onofRaspberryFruitInjuryovertheUTC

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0.15

0.2

0.25

Eggspergram

AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryFruitDamageMeans,Ulster&DutchessCo;NY-2016

a*

ab

b

a*

Red(18”) Yellow(36”) Green(36”) UTC



Conclusion

•  A,ractandkillstrategieshavebeenshowntoprovidereducedlevelsofinfestaGonfromspo,edwingdrosophilainconvenGonalandorganicraspberryproducGonsystems.

•  FurtherstudyofplacementdensityandreapplicaGonintervalsofAtKdisksforopGmumalcontrolisneededpriortorecommendaGonsforuse.

•  UseofAtK+1%BoricAcidincombinaGonwithculturalcontrol,frequentharvestintervals,berrysanitaGonandharvestlowtemperaturestoragestrategiesmaydecreasetheimpactofSWDwhilereducingtheresistancepotenGalinSWDpopulaGonsfromfrequentinsecGcideuse.


PartnershipThanks

•  NewYorkFarmViabilityGrant-OAR15013

•  GregLoab,NYSAES,Geneva,NY

•  JulietCarrol,NYSIPM,Geneva,NY

•  TimLampasona,JonathonBinder,MikeFraatzHudsonValleyResearchLaboratory

FabioChizola,WestWindFarm,Accord,NYPoughkeepsieFarmProject,Poughkeepsie,NYTrapaniFarm&Orchard,Marlboro,NY

Developing A,ract-and-kill Strategies To Manage … Valley Research Laboratory Developing A,ract-and-kill Strategies To Manage Spo,ed Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii Matsumara,

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