CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Fungus or fungi are single celled organism or multicellular, the cell walls contain chitin, eukaryotic, and no chlorophyll, a saprophyte living heterotrophic, parasitic, or symbiotic fungi (Fungi) including living eukaryotes that are not chlorophyll. Another distinctive feature is the fungal cell wall composed of chitin substances. His body consists of a single cell or in the form thread called hyphae. Fungi can not photosynthesize, so that the fungus to take food from the environment (heterotrophic). Saprophyte fungi living or parasitic. Most of the multicellular fungi, microscopic or macroscopic, in the unicellular oval-shaped, and shaped to form filaments or at the multicellular fruit body. Multicellular fungi are formed from a series of hyphal cells that form a thread, there is a cross sectional and some do not. Collection of hyphae forming mycelium. Fungi live in various places, especially on land in damp environments. Fungi reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexually by bud formation in unicellular fungi, as well as the fragmentation of the mycelium and the formation of asexual spores on a multicellular 1
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Fungus or fungi are single celled organism or multicellular, the cell walls
contain chitin, eukaryotic, and no chlorophyll, a saprophyte living heterotrophic,
parasitic, or symbiotic fungi (Fungi) including living eukaryotes that are not
chlorophyll. Another distinctive feature is the fungal cell wall composed of chitin
substances. His body consists of a single cell or in the form thread called hyphae.
Fungi can not photosynthesize, so that the fungus to take food from the
environment (heterotrophic). Saprophyte fungi living or parasitic.
Most of the multicellular fungi, microscopic or macroscopic, in the unicellular
oval-shaped, and shaped to form filaments or at the multicellular fruit body.
Multicellular fungi are formed from a series of hyphal cells that form a thread,
there is a cross sectional and some do not. Collection of hyphae forming
mycelium. Fungi live in various places, especially on land in damp environments.
Fungi reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexually by bud formation in
unicellular fungi, as well as the fragmentation of the mycelium and the formation
of asexual spores on a multicellular fungus. Sexual reproduction of fungi is the
formation of sexual spores.
Deuteromycota multicellular hyphae have septum. Deuteromycota is the class of
all fungi are not yet known how sexual reproduction. So that the fungus is called
fungi imperfecti (imperfect fungi). Fungal hyphae are multicellular with sectional
and reproduce vegetatively by konidiospora. These fungi are living saprophyte or
a parasite. Hyphae sectional size and microscopic body.
1.2 Basic problem
Based on the above background of the obtained formulation of the problem
as follows:
Why are mushrooms called fungi imperfecti Deuteromycota
(imperfect fungi)?
With what Deuteromycota fungi reproduce?
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What impact and benefits Deuteromycota mushrooms?
1.3 Purpose
Based on the above formulation of the problem then the purpose of this lab are:
To know the concept of Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi).
Know what Deuteromycota fungi reproduce by.
Know the impact and benefits Deuteromycota mushrooms in life.
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CHAPTER II
BASIC THEORY
Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota is a fungus called fungi imperfecti (imperfect fungi)
because sexual reproduction is unknown. Fungal hyphae are multicellular with
sectional and reproduce vegetatively by konidiospora. These fungi are living
saprophyte or a parasite. Hyphae sectional size and microscopic body.
Fungi which sexual reproduction produces askus will classified in
Ascomycota and which produce basidium classified in Basidiomycota. However,
not all fungi are found in nature have been known to sexual reproduction. There
are approximately 1500 species of fungi is not known how sexual reproduction.
As a result, scientists can not put it into a Zygomycota, Ascomycota, or
Basidiomycota. Such fungi, for the time being classified Deuteromycota or
"mushroom indeterminate" or also called imperfect fungi. So, the classification is
not a real Deuteromycota or not a taxon. If then there is the type of research
according to these fungi are known to sexual reproduction, it will be incorporated
into the Zygomycota, Ascomycota, or Basidiomycota. If the result askus will be
put into Ascomycota, and if the result will be classed Basidiomycota basidium.
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The fungus classification changes will change the name of the species. For
example, is oncom fungi. At first, this fungi is not currently listed under the name
Monilia sitophila Deuteromycota. However, when Prof. Dwidjoseputro (deceased)
of Malaysia Training College (now State University of Malang) conduct research,
it turns out sitophilia Monilia may reproduce sexually and produce askus. By
fungi oncom he put his name in the Ascomycota and sitophila Neurospora.
Several other fungi Deuteromycota reclassified into the other Ascomycota fungi
of the genus Aspergillus, Candida, and Penicillium. By mycologist, the name
changed to Eurotium genus Aspergillus, Candida into Pichia and Penicillium
become Talaromyces.
Deuteromycota reproduce asexually with vegetative spores. Fungi which
originally included within this division just moved pd interchangeable another
division after sexual reproduction is known.
Here are a member Deuteromycota:
1. Chladosporium
2. Curvularia
3. Trichophyton
4. Aspergillus oryzae
5. wentii
6. flavus
7. fumigatus
8. Fusarium
Distinctive characteristic of Deutereomycota are:
1. hyphae sectional
2. Reproduce asexually by forming konidiospora
3. Sexual propagation is not yet known
4. An example is the Helminthosporium oryzae and Sclerotium rolfsii
Live Cycle
Asexual reproduction by producing conidia or produce specialized hyphae
called conidiophores. The possibility of this fungus is a fungal growth that belong
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to Basidiomicetes or Ascomycocetes but do not know. These are saprophyte fungi
in many types of organic matter, as parasites on higher plants, and destroying
crops and ornamental plants. This fungus also causes disease in humans, namely
dermatokinosis (ringworm and tinea versicolor) and cause decay in wood. The
classic example is the fungus monilia sitophila, the fungus oncom. This fungus is
commonly used for the manufacture of peanut meal oncom. Monilia can also
grow out of bread, food scraps, corn cobs, the milestone - a milestone or the rest
of the grass on fire, it’s konodium very much and orange.