INTRODUCTION Copper is one of the most used metals in the innovation history of man. Pure copper metal is characterized as soft, ductile, unlimited capacity to cold-work and high corrosion- resistivity. To improve its mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties, copper metals undergo an alloying process where some particular metal elements are used as substitutional impurity. (Callister W. Jr., 2007) One type of copper alloy is brasses. Brasses are copper alloy which uses zinc as the primary alloying component (Callister W. Jr., 2007) but some brasses uses small amounts of other elements rather than zinc to make the desired characteristic and properties of a particular brass(Avner S., 1974). Brasses are classified according to zinc concentration present: α- brass and α + β brass. Alpha (α) brasses had up to 36% zinc concentration while alpha plus beta (α + β) brass contains 38% - 46% zinc (Avner S., 1974). Alpha brasses are characterized to have good quality corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. Due to the
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INTRODUCTION
Copper is one of the most used metals in the innovation history of man. Pure copper
metal is characterized as soft, ductile, unlimited capacity to cold-work and high corrosion-
resistivity. To improve its mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties, copper metals undergo
an alloying process where some particular metal elements are used as substitutional impurity.
(Callister W. Jr., 2007)
One type of copper alloy is brasses. Brasses are copper alloy which uses zinc as the
primary alloying component (Callister W. Jr., 2007) but some brasses uses small amounts of
other elements rather than zinc to make the desired characteristic and properties of a particular
brass(Avner S., 1974). Brasses are classified according to zinc concentration present: α- brass
and α + β brass. Alpha (α) brasses had up to 36% zinc concentration while alpha plus beta (α +