9 Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity Based on (Soil) - Moisture Content of Fine Grained Soils Rainer Schuhmann, Franz Königer, Katja Emmerich, Eduard Stefanescu and Markus Stacheder Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Competence Centre for Material Moisture (CMM) Karlsruhe Germany 1. Introduction The chapter will be divided into the subchapter material, processes and systems. The first one will focus on the physical, chemical and dynamic material properties and their measuring methods. The second specifies the dynamic of the surface moistening and fluid flow. The comprehensive characterization of materials is prerequisite to understand processes in large (geo)-technical systems and their manipulation. The transition from nano (material) via meso (processes) to macro scale (systems) will be illustrated with an example in the third chapter. 2. Materials The properties of fine grained soils such as silt or clay considerably influence the migration of water. Especially their small pore sizes, their platy habit, and their high specific surface area generally lead to very low hydraulic conductivities. Therefore, it is indispensable to accurately determine these properties for a reliable assessment of the hydraulic conductivity. Fine-grained soils are soils with a grain size distribution ranging from 0,0002 to 0,2 mm, i.e. soil textures from clay and silt up to fine sand. The hydraulic conductivity, K f , of these materials is generally smaller than 10 -4 ms -1 . In the following the most important physical, chemical and dynamical properties of fine grained materials that affect the hydraulic conductivity will be explained in detail and their measurement methodologies will be illustrated. 2.1 Material properties Generally the hydraulic conductivity depends on the soil matrix, the type of the soil fluid (density and viscosity), and the relative amount of soil fluid (saturation) present in the soil matrix. In this chapter we will focus on the important properties relevant to the solid matrix of fine grained soils which include the texture and fabric and its mineral phase content. www.intechopen.com
Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity Based on (Soil) - Moisture Content of Fine Grained Soils
Jun 29, 2023
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