Detector R&D and Cancer Care Barbara Camanzi. NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/102/18 Outline Why cancer Detector R&D projects for cancer care: imaging.

Detector R&D Detector R&D and and

Cancer CareCancer Care

Barbara CamanziBarbara Camanzi

Barbara CamanziBarbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting,NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10 10/12/10 22/18/18

OutlineOutline

Why cancerWhy cancerDetector R&D projects for cancer care: Detector R&D projects for cancer care:

imaging and dosimetryimaging and dosimetryThe Futures Programme and the STFC The Futures Programme and the STFC

Cancer Care StrategyCancer Care StrategySummarySummary

Barbara CamanziBarbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting,NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/10 10/12/10 33/18/18

The challenge of cancer in UKThe challenge of cancer in UK Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in

people under the age of 75. 1 in 4 people people under the age of 75. 1 in 4 people die of cancer overalldie of cancer overall

293k people/year diagnosed with cancer, 293k people/year diagnosed with cancer, 155k people/year die from cancer155k people/year die from cancer

Incidence of cancer is rising due to:Incidence of cancer is rising due to:1.1. Population ageingPopulation ageing2.2. Rise in obesity levelsRise in obesity levels3.3. Change in lifestyleChange in lifestyle

Cancer 3Cancer 3rdrd largest NHS disease programme largest NHS disease programme

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Detector R&D projectsDetector R&D projects

for cancer care for cancer care

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The technological challengesThe technological challenges

The challenge of radiotherapy from the The challenge of radiotherapy from the patient endpatient end Make sure that the right dose is delivered at Make sure that the right dose is delivered at the right place = improved dosimetry + the right place = improved dosimetry + improved imagingimproved imaging

The challenge of early diagnosisThe challenge of early diagnosis “See” smaller tumours = improved imaging“See” smaller tumours = improved imaging

New advanced technologies desperately New advanced technologies desperately needed for dosimetry and imaging needed for dosimetry and imaging

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The imaging challengeThe imaging challenge

The requirements for new imaging systems:The requirements for new imaging systems:1.1. More accurate, more quantitative and highly More accurate, more quantitative and highly

repeatable imagingrepeatable imaging2.2. Imaging during treatment: organ movement Imaging during treatment: organ movement

(breathing), patient set-up, tumour shrinkage(breathing), patient set-up, tumour shrinkage3.3. Image smaller lesions (early diagnosis)Image smaller lesions (early diagnosis)4.4. Treatment specific requirements (for ex. Bragg Treatment specific requirements (for ex. Bragg

position in proton/light ion therapy)position in proton/light ion therapy)

The answer: higher spatial resolution, The answer: higher spatial resolution, higher linearity, lower noise, less drift, faster higher linearity, lower noise, less drift, faster imagingimaging

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Positron Emission TomographyPositron Emission Tomography 1818F labelled glucose given to patients: F labelled glucose given to patients:

ee++ annihilates in two back-to-back annihilates in two back-to-back 511 keV 511 keV seen by a ring of seen by a ring of detectorsdetectors

Conventional PET: straight line-of-Conventional PET: straight line-of-response, annihilation point response, annihilation point calculated probabilisticallycalculated probabilistically

511 keV

511 keV

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Time-Of-Flight PET (TOF-PET)Time-Of-Flight PET (TOF-PET) TOF-PET scanner:TOF-PET scanner:

1.1. Time difference between signals from two crystals measured Time difference between signals from two crystals measured 2.2. Annihilation point along line-of-response directly calculated Annihilation point along line-of-response directly calculated

Goal: 100 ps timing resolution (ideally 30 ps and below) = 3 cm Goal: 100 ps timing resolution (ideally 30 ps and below) = 3 cm spatial resolution (ideally sub-cm)spatial resolution (ideally sub-cm)

Advantages: higher sensitivity and specificity, improved S/NAdvantages: higher sensitivity and specificity, improved S/N Technology needed: fast scintillating materials and fast photon Technology needed: fast scintillating materials and fast photon

detectorsdetectors

D2

line of response

time-of-flight envelope

D1

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The TOF-PET projectThe TOF-PET project

Development of a TOF-PET imaging system:Development of a TOF-PET imaging system:1.1. Fast scintillating materials (LYSO and LaBrFast scintillating materials (LYSO and LaBr33))

2.2. SiPMsSiPMs

Seed funding from NEAT (NIHR) and CLIK for Seed funding from NEAT (NIHR) and CLIK for feasibility study. Ended: 03/10feasibility study. Ended: 03/10

Currently: Currently: 1.1. FP7 funding (ENVISION project) through Oxford: one FP7 funding (ENVISION project) through Oxford: one

post-doc, Dr Mahfuza Ahmedpost-doc, Dr Mahfuza Ahmed

2.2. 2 PhD students: Paola Avella (Surrey) and Ed Leming 2 PhD students: Paola Avella (Surrey) and Ed Leming (Sussex)(Sussex)

3.3. No money for equipment, computer licences, etc.No money for equipment, computer licences, etc.

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The dosimetry challengeThe dosimetry challenge

The requirements for new dosimeters:The requirements for new dosimeters:1.1. Measure dose at tumour site and not at skinMeasure dose at tumour site and not at skin

2.2. Measure total dose (including during imaging Measure total dose (including during imaging procedures)procedures)

3.3. Measure in real-time and not long time after Measure in real-time and not long time after treatmenttreatment

4.4. System easy to useSystem easy to use

The answer: in-vivo dosimetryThe answer: in-vivo dosimetry

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The in-vivo dosimetry projectThe in-vivo dosimetry project

Development of an in-vivo dosimetry system:Development of an in-vivo dosimetry system:1.1. RadFET dose sensorsRadFET dose sensors

2.2. RFID wireless communication systemRFID wireless communication system

3.3. Powering systemPowering system

4.4. Associated electronics (ASIC)Associated electronics (ASIC)

CFI funding for ASIC design. End: 04/11CFI funding for ASIC design. End: 04/11 Scientific coordinator of large consortium Scientific coordinator of large consortium

(~15 partners). Looking at FP7 funding(~15 partners). Looking at FP7 funding

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The Futures ProgrammeThe Futures Programme

andand

the STFC Cancer Care Strategythe STFC Cancer Care Strategy

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The Futures ProgrammeThe Futures Programme Created in January 2009Created in January 2009 Goal: to increase STFC impact in meeting Goal: to increase STFC impact in meeting

the four global challenges (CSR 2007): the four global challenges (CSR 2007): 1.1. EnergyEnergy

2.2. EnvironmentEnvironment

3.3. HealthcareHealthcare

4.4. SecuritySecurity

Creates opportunities = Identify unmet Creates opportunities = Identify unmet needs + Match them to in-house skills and needs + Match them to in-house skills and expertise and technologiesexpertise and technologies

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What Futures does and doesn’t doWhat Futures does and doesn’t do

Futures does:Futures does:1.1. Provide strategic advice to STFCProvide strategic advice to STFC2.2. Initiate projects and programmesInitiate projects and programmes3.3. Increase STFC contribution to RCUK cross-Increase STFC contribution to RCUK cross-

council programmescouncil programmes4.4. Build strategic partnershipsBuild strategic partnerships

Futures doesn’t:Futures doesn’t:1.1. Bring only external incomeBring only external income2.2. Provide short-term solutionsProvide short-term solutions3.3. Try to be perfectly symmetrical across the Try to be perfectly symmetrical across the

four global challengesfour global challenges

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The Futures TeamThe Futures Team

Catherine Ewart, Head of the TeamCatherine Ewart, Head of the Team Nicholas Harrison, EnergyNicholas Harrison, Energy Kevin Smith, EnvironmentKevin Smith, Environment Gareth Derbyshire, HealthcareGareth Derbyshire, Healthcare

Barbara Camanzi, Cancer CareBarbara Camanzi, Cancer Care Bryan Edwards, SecurityBryan Edwards, Security Geoff McBride, Horizon ScanningGeoff McBride, Horizon Scanning

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The opportunityThe opportunity

““By 2012 our cancer services can and should By 2012 our cancer services can and should become not only among the best in Europe become not only among the best in Europe but among the best in the world.”but among the best in the world.”

““Everyone with a commitment to delivering Everyone with a commitment to delivering world class cancer services should have a world class cancer services should have a role in helping deliver this strategy.”role in helping deliver this strategy.”

From “Cancer Reform Strategy“, Department of HealthFrom “Cancer Reform Strategy“, Department of Healthhttp://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/dh_081006http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/dh_081006

STFC has in-house skills, expertise and STFC has in-house skills, expertise and technologies to be one of these everyone!technologies to be one of these everyone!

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The STFC Cancer Care StrategyThe STFC Cancer Care Strategy

Who will input to the STFC strategy:Who will input to the STFC strategy:1.1. Clinical world: oncologists, medical physicists..Clinical world: oncologists, medical physicists..2.2. STFC staffSTFC staff3.3. University groupsUniversity groups4.4. IndustryIndustry

Alliances with strategic partners: MRC, Alliances with strategic partners: MRC, CRUK, etc. CRUK, etc.

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SummarySummary

One detector R&D imaging project underway: One detector R&D imaging project underway: TOF-PET. Enough people working on it; but TOF-PET. Enough people working on it; but lack of money for equipment.lack of money for equipment.

One detector R&D dosimetry project at the One detector R&D dosimetry project at the proposal stage.proposal stage.

Joined the Futures Team as of 01/09/10: to Joined the Futures Team as of 01/09/10: to lead the development of STFC Cancer Care lead the development of STFC Cancer Care Strategy.Strategy.

The Futures Programme is wider than cancer The Futures Programme is wider than cancer care.care.