DETAILED PROJECT REPORT INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME JALANDHAR-V PUNJAB DIVISIONAL SOIL CONSERVATION OFFICER JALANDHAR ADC DEVELOPMENT CUM PROJECT MANAGER IWMP JALANDHAR COMPILED BY THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTION AND CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT, CHANDIGARH +91-94176-55612, E-mail: [email protected]
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
3.2.1 Community sensitization and rapport building: 30
3.2.2 Resource mapping 30
3.2.3 Transect Walk: 30
3.2.4 Focused Group Discussions 30
3.3 FORMATION OF WATERSHED COMMITTEES 30
3.4 USAGE OF DATA 30
3.5 PREPARATION OF ACTION PLAN AND
APPROVAL
30
3.6 COMPILATION OF DPR‟s 31
Chapter – IV SCOPE OF WORK IN PROJECT VILLAGES 32-95
Chapter – V ENTRY POINT ACTIVITIES 96-97
Chapter – VI INSTITUTIONAL AND CAPACITY BUILDING 98-113
Chapter – VII NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 114-144
Chapter – VIII PRODUCTION SYSTEM 145-147
Chapter – IX LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT SYSTEM 148-154
Chapter – X CONSOLIDATION PHASE 155-156
Chapter – XI FLEXI-FUNDS MANAGEMENT 157
4
Chapter – XII BUDGETING AND PHASING 158-165
Chapter – XIII ESTIMATING AND COSTING 166-192
Chapter – XIV EXPECTED OUTCOMES 193-199
ANNEXURE -
I
VILLAGE WISE GPS LOCATION 200
ANNEXURE –
II
STATUS OF EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 201
ANNEXURE –
III
STATUS OF ANIMAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES 202
ANNEXURE –
IV
STATUS OF WATER AVAILBILITY 203
ANNEXURE –
V
STATUS OF FARM POWER AND MACHINERY 204
ANNEXURE –
VI
STATUS OF AREA UNDER PRINCIPLE CROPS 205
ANNEXURE –
VII
STATUS OF POPULATION 206
ANNEXURE –
VIII
PERFORMA FOR PRA BASED CONSENSUS ON
WORKS
207-209
5
Abbreviations
DOLR Directorate of Land Resources
DPR Draft Project Report
EPA Entry Point Activity
FPS Farm Production System
GOI Government of India
IGA Income Generating Activities
IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Programme
LSS Livelihood Support System
MNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act
NRAA National Rain-fed Area Authority
NRM Natural Resource Management
PIA Project Implementing Agency
PPR Preliminary Project Report
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
ROCs Run off Control structures
SHGs Self Help Groups
SLNA State Level Nodal Agency
SPACE Society for Promotion and Conservation of Environment
SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats
UGs User Groups
WC Watershed Committee
WCDC Watershed Cell cum Data Centre
WDT Watershed Development Team
6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP) was extended to the plain areas of Punjab during 2012-13. In the year 2013-14 IWMP Jalandhar-V was approved for Shahkot and Lohian Blocks of the district. The preparation of DPR for IWMP – V Jalandhar was awarded to the Society for Promotion and Conservation of Environment (SPACE) after a competitive bidding vide Divisional Soil Conservation Officer Jalandhar No.1418 dated 2.9.2014. The field work on the preparation of DPR was carried out by the SPACE team under the leadership of Dr.S.S.Grewal, the president of SPACE from September to Mid December 2014. The report at hand covers the salient details of this project covering 30 revenue villages 7 from Shahkot and 23 from Lohian Block. After providing background of IWMP its framework, components, strategy in general, the details of project and methodology adopted a detail of all the components and village wise budgetary provisions have been made in the report.
The total geographical area of the project is 6684ha out of which 5024ha has been
taken for treatment at a cost of Rs.603.00lakh @Rs.12000/ha. All the villages are in
a compact block situated on the left and right side of Chitti Bein Rivulet starting near
Malsian and ending at Village Mundi Kalu where Bein joins the Satluj River. The area
is located from Lat. E 310-08‟-17.62” to 310-08‟-20.793” and Long.N 750-6‟-32.855” to
750-24‟-13.619”. Most of villages are linked by net work of rural roads.
The total population of the project area is 27303 (14136 male & 13167 female) spread over 4082 families as per 2011 census. The SC population is 8097 which is 29.6% of the total population. Wheat and paddy are the main crops in lower flood plain tube-well irrigated area. But wheat-Maize/sorghum fodder is tha main crop rotation in upper sloping and mostly rainfed area. The area was inundated by Satluj River in earlier times but now protection bunds have been constructed along the banks and problem has been solved. The main problems identified in the project area include stagnating water of already silted village ponds, fast depleting groundwater, burning of paddy stubbles, and lack of employment opportunities for educated youth and lack of educational institutions in the project area. The depth to ground water table varies from 5to 10m in lower and 35m – 50m in upper area. Most of the area is drained towards Satluj River through Chitti Bein. The project area receives about 700mm as mean annual rainfall with semi-arid climate.
The methodology adopted for the DPR preparation has been outlined which include bench mark survey and resource inventory, participatory rural appraisal, formation of watershed committee, usage of primary and secondary data for planning project components, preparation of action plan and approval and compilation of DPR as per the guidelines of DoLR. A provision of 10% has been made for Flexi-Funds as per recent communication of DoLR. The basic records of the project area collected from diverse sources have been included in the report. The communities were sensitized about the aim and objectives of the project/components/methodology of operation and roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders. In the transit walks the activities were identified after holding detailed discussions. The measurements were taken and cost estimates prepared following prevalent schedule of rates. The cost norms for each component were worked out along with detailed drawings and estimates which were discussed with the field units and adopted.
7
Entry Point Activities, Natural Resource Management, Production System, Institution and Capacity Building and Livelihood Support System have been covered with respect to all the villages based upon the budgetary provision made for each village. The Entry Point Activities worked out @3.6% of the budget have been provided at a total cost of Rs.21.70lakh which includes the provision of concrete flooring of streets, repair of Dharamsala, solar lights, retaining walls along kacha paths to improve mobility. After obtaining resolutions from the WC, the plans and estimates have been sent for approval and works will be executed during the first year of the project.
Under NRM component, the budgetary provision comes to Rs.303.85lakh @50.4% of the budget and some provision has been made to meet the cost under MNREGA where there was short fall in funds. The NRM component mainly included the renovation, de-siltation, retaining walls of village ponds and provision of underground pipelines for irrigation using pond water. The second main activity is construction of lined open channels for disposal of rain and sludge water to ponds. First class brick work has been provided for civil works after discussions with PIA. In the Institution and Capacity Building, different training programs for various categories of staff, WCs and SHGs have been chalked out and institutions where these programs would be carried out have been indicated.
In the Production System, the demands of the community for clonel eucalyptus, fruit plants for homesteads, seeds of improved crop varieties, camps for animal health care have been met with by making a provision of Rs.54.26lakhs on these activities. The Livelihood Support System mainly include seed money to support revolving fund assistance to 64 SHGs proposed based on the SC/ST population, support to 52 enterprising individuals, arrangements for 53 cutting and tailoring courses and 3 computer centres in villages having larger share of funds at a cost of Rs.34.18 lakhs.. In addition, grant in aid to enterprising SHGs and federations have been made with a provision of Rs.14.65 lakh. The budgetary provisions have been made for all the components and duly phased over a period of five years as per norms of DoLR.
The decisions taken during PRA meetings have been reported with photographs of participants and also indicative status of ponds. Separate meetings were held with women members and the interested members who wanted to form SHGs and they introduced to the PIA staff. During transit walk, the measurements of ponds were taken and on the basis of these measurements, detailed estimates of retaining walls based on 1.0 and 1.5m height was prepared. The detailed estimate of underground pipelines, lined open channels have been made with proper drawing and costs worked out following the prevalent cost norms and schedule of rates. Some of the information on socio economic data, village wise GPS locations, maps and Performa used for collecting project activities during meetings has been annexed. The report also covers a detailed discussion on consolidation phase, monitoring, evaluation, flexi-funds and expected outcomes.
The DPR was prepared in consultation and participation of the Project Implementing Agency (PIA) i.e. the staff of the Divisional Soil Conservation Office Jalandhar and technical expert of WCDC Mr Jagir Singh Doll.
8
CHAPTER – I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Out of the total geographical area of the country of 329 million hectare (Mha), about
146Mha is degraded and 85Mha is rainfed arable land. This includes degraded land
not only under private ownership, but also the one with the departments of
panchayat, revenue and forest. All these lands are prioritized for development under
various watershed development projects under these guidelines. During the 11th Five
Year Plan, major thrust has been laid on developing the untreated areas. Soil and
water are the basic natural resources essential for the development of an agrarian
economy in India. All out efforts were made to conserve soil and water resources to
increase production potential as an effort towards food security and poverty
alleviation. Previous experiences have shown that for gaining maximum advantages
in terms of sustainable development, the activities should be undertaken in a
comprehensive way on watershed basis by following principles of participatory and
integrated watershed management.
Key features of IWMP are as:-
Centrality on community participation
Equity and gender sensitivity
Decentralization
Capacity building and technology inputs
Monitoring, evaluation and learning
Social mobilization, community organization, planning and implementation.
Watershed development aims to balance the conservation, regeneration and use by
humans of land and water resources within a watershed. Common benefits from
successful watershed development projects include improved agricultural yields and
increased access to drinking water. The overall attributes of the watershed
development approach, by and large, are three fold, viz. promoting economic
development of the rural area, employment generation, and restoring ecological
balance. However, the multiple objectives include:
Environmental: For protecting vegetative cover throughout the year, to create
ecological balance in the watershed area, protecting fertile top soil, utilizing the land
based on its capabilities, in situ conservation of rain water, increasing ground water
recharge, etc.
Economic: It draws attention for increase in cropping intensity through inter and
sequence cropping, maximizing farm income through agricultural activities such as
dairy, poultry, sheep and goat farming, improved and sustained livelihood status of
the watershed community with special emphasis on the poor and women, etc.
Institutional: It includes formation of watershed committees and self-help- groups,
establishing sustainable community organization, etc.
9
Social:-It includes alleviation of poverty, awareness generation, improving skills of
the community, capacity building activities, women‟s participation in decision-making
process, empowerment of the community etc.
Equity: To develop equitable distribution of the benefits of land and water resources
development including biomass production, involvement of village communities in
participatory planning, implementation, social and environmental arrangement,
maintenance of assets and to operate in a more socially inclusive manner.
1.2 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF IWMP
i. Increase the productive potential of degraded lands through various watershed interventions.
ii. Improve the biomass through Agro-Horticulture, Agro-Forestry and Silvi-Pastoral systems.
iii. Support to the asset less, small landholders and other vulnerable sections through Income Generating Activities (IGA).
iv. Support the Livestock sector and demonstrations in agriculture related sectors.
v. Improved Production systems and Micro enterprises. vi. Drought proofing of rain-fed agriculture. vii. Formation of vibrant and well informed community-based organizations
resulting in overall improvement in the social capital. viii. Achieving sustainable agriculture production leading to overall
improvement in the quality of life of farming community. ix. Create a sustainable institutional and natural resource base at the
community level.
1.3 FRAMEWORK FOR THE NEXT GENERATION WATERSHED PROGRAMMES
The new guidelines issued by NRAA broadly indicate a fresh framework for the next
generation watershed programmes. The key features of this new unified approach
can be broadly outlined as follows:
Delegating Powers to States: States will now be empowered to sanction and
oversee the implementation of watershed projects within their areas of jurisdiction
and within the parameters set out in these guidelines.
Dedicated Institutions: There would be dedicated implementing agencies with
multi-disciplinary professional teams at the national, state and district level for
managing the watershed programmes.
Financial Assistance to Dedicated Institutions: Additional financial assistance
would be provided for strengthening of institutions at the district, state and national
level to ensure professionalism in management of watershed projects.
Duration of the Programme: With the expanded scope and expectations under this
approach, the project duration has been enhanced in the range of 4 years to 7 years
depending upon nature of activities spread over 3 distinct phases viz., preparatory
phase, works phase and consolidation phase.
10
Livelihood Orientation: Productivity enhancement and livelihoods shall be given
priority along with conservation measures. Resource development and usage will be
planned to promote farming and allied activities to promote local livelihoods while
ensuring resource conservation and regeneration. The new approach would
systematically integrate livestock and fisheries management as a central intervention
and encourage dairying and marketing of dairy products. In the rainfed areas, the
animal resources become a major source of income for the people. When effectively
integrated with the Watershed Development Projects, a comprehensive animal
husbandry component would contribute significantly to ensuring a better and
sustainable livelihood for the people of the rainfed areas.
Cluster Approach: The new approach envisages a broader vision of geo-
hydrological units normally of average size of 1,000 to 5,000 hectares comprising of
clusters of micro- watersheds. If resources and area exist, additional watersheds in
contiguous areas in clusters may be taken up. However, smaller size projects will be
sanctioned in the hilly/difficult terrain areas.
Scientific Planning: Special efforts need to be made to utilize the information
technology and remote sensing inputs in planning, monitoring and evaluation of the
programme.
Capacity Building: Capacity Building and training of all functionaries and
stakeholders involved in the watershed programme implementation would be carried
out on war footing with definite action plan and requisite professionalism and
competence.
Multi Tier Approach: There would be a multi tier ridge to valley sequenced
approach, which should be adopted towards the implementation of the Watershed
Development Projects. Irrespective of the type of forests, the land forming integral
part of the selected watershed project area having agriculture/wasteland and forest
land use, the fringe-forest areas and the degraded areas needing treatment which
have implications for the lower reaches of watershed in terms of runoff/ water yield,
soil erosion & sedimentation, fodder, etc should be part of the holistic watershed
treatment plan, with major focus of soil & moisture conservation.
The second tier is the intermediate tier or the slopes, which are just above the
agricultural lands. In the intermediate slopes, the watershed management approach
would address all the necessary issues by looking at all the best possible options
including treatment, cropping pattern, horticulture, agro-forestry, etc.
As to the third level of the plains and the flat areas, where typically, the farmers are
operating, there would be a large concentration of labour intensive works. The
watershed development process would be synergized with the employment
generating programmes such as the MGNREGA, Backward Regions Grant Fund
(BRGF), etc thus providing strong coordination.
11
These guidelines coupled with the flexibilities inherent in them would provide an
enabling framework for the planning, design, management and implementation of all
watershed development projects in the country. They will apply to all schemes
concerned with watershed development of all departments of Government of India.
In case of plain areas of Punab, the third level as stated above would occupy almost
the whole project area.
1.4 PRINCIPLES BEHIND NEW COMMON GUIDELINES
New watershed projects will be implemented in accordance with these Common
Guidelines with effect from 1st April 2008. The common guidelines for watershed
development projects are based on the following principles:
Equity and Gender Sensitivity
Decentralization, delegation and professionalism.
Facilitation in social mobilization, community organization, capacity building
through competent organizations.
Community participation – involvement of primary stakeholder in decision
WCs were yet to be made in village Nawazipur, Meda and Mandi Kalu.
23
2.3 PRESENT STATUS OF NATURAL RESOURCES
1. Rainfall: In a bimodal patter of distribution, the project area receives 700mm of
mean annual rainfall. The monsoon rains usually arrive in last week of June nad
withdraw by end of September. This arrival and withdrawal of course is highly
variable. About 80% of annual rainfalls say 600mm is received during the rainy
season. Few winter showers are received from December end to February. The
month of October and November, April & May received very occasional showers
during monsoon season; four/five storms bring heavy rain which cause flooding.
The lower area of the project used to be flooded frequently by the Satluj River. In
order to solve this problem Dhusi Bunds has been constructed all along the along
the banks of Bein River. Some of the area between the Dhusi Bunds is in a
narrow strip which is under cultivation and is frequently flooded.. But the area
inside the Dhusi Band is also flooded once in three years due to the runoff from
the upper area and this runoff moves along the Dhusi Bund and ultimately drains
into the Satlu River.
2. Climate: The climate of the project area is semi –arid with winter season
temperature goes below 40C and summer temperatures goes above 430C. Frost &
Fog occur for few days in winter. Humidity goes above 90% in rainy season and
below 70% in summer.
3. Water Resources
a) Depleting groundwater: Due to over-withdrawal by large number of tube-wells
particularly for paddy crop, the water table is falling @30 to 50cm each year.
The water table is about 30 to 45m in the upper areas of the project However in
the lower areas; the water table is between 15 to 20 meters. Paddy is cultivated
in the area and sub mersible motors have been installed, so the water table is
falling at a fast rate of 60 to 70cm per year. During the year 2013-14, due to
severe drought the water table has fallen between 1.2 to 1.5m as reported by
the farmers of the project area.
b) Contamination of ground water: The sludge water of the villages is drained
into village ponds where it stagnates and contaminates the ground water. Some
ponds are situated within the villages where handpumps have been installed
close to these ponds and the quality of water has become unfit for drinking.
c) Water logging in local depressions: The lower area is frequently water
logged during the rainy season and also a month or so after the monsoon rains.
4. Agriculture: Farming remains the main occupation of the people followed by
animal husbandry as the main subsidiary occupation. Wheal-Paddy is the main crop
rotation but almost 30 to 40 % farmers opt for potato and peas diring winter season
and keep some area under wheat to meet domestic and livestock needs. Sorghum is
raised as fodder.
5. Horticulture: The horticulture is by and large absent in whole of the project area.
We could locate only two to three orchards. As such farmers were found raising
24
mango, guava and citrus plants on their tube wells and in the homesteads essentially
for home consumption.
6. Vegetables: The vegetable cultivation in the project area is mainly commercial
potato and peas. But many farmers were seen raising small plots of turmeric, brinjal,
peas, lady finger and cucurbits mainly for domestic consumption.
7. Agro-Forestry: One may not find any tree in the landscape except in villages,
along roads, on tube-wells except Eucalyptus trees in rows or occasionally in blocks.
Colonel eucalyptus demand is picking up and newly raised plants are seen on many
farms along nalas. Eucalyptus remains the most preferred tree of the area.
8. Animal Husbandry: Ninety five percent of families are maintaining milch animal
cow or buffalo. The land owners are mainly keeping 2 to 3 buffaloes. Only selected
families are keeping Jursey/Holstein breed high yielding cows. Milk processing is
totally absent but milk is sold by about 20% families mainly to local milk venders.
Few farmers who are maintaining good dairy farms are keeping mix of good breed
Murrah buffalo and Jursey/Holstein cows and sell milk on fat percentage basis to
local milk collection cenres. Heaps of cow dung cakes are seen on every available
space in village indicating that household cooking is mainly done by cakes. Gas was
found with selected families . There is no proper management of farmyard manure.
Animal health care services are very weak and farmers generally depend upon local
sources. We noted several animal feed shops at Lohian, Malsian and Shahkot and
farmers who maintain high yielding milch animal definitely use animal feed. Turi
(wheat straw) and Sorghum/Bajra are the main forage crops which every farmer
raise as per his livestock required. Paddy straw is used mainly for culled ou/dryt
livestock. Most farmers agree that dairying is necessary not only for milk but for cow
dung cakes and manure. There is very good scope of making dairy farming as
ruminative subsidiary occupation for youth. Bullocks are getting eliminated as the
tractor cultivation has become common. Most animals are stall-fed as there are no
grazing grounds. Pond water is not fit for drinking so tap water is mostly used.
9. Livelihood: Agriculture is he major occupation in project villages with dairying as
the main subsiding occupation both of land owners and landless. A small fraction of
the people is in service. There is no major industry nearby to absorb the manpower.
In each village, the tractor owners do custom hiring business. Combine harvesting of
wheat and paddy being common, several people have kept combines and local
youth get seasonal employment. We noted that in some ST dominated villages, lot of
people were engaged as masons, skilled laborers, welders, motor mechanics and
electricians. Only limited families were engaged in bee-keeping, goatry and piggery.
10. Social Institutions
- There is elected GP in every village. Some GPs are headed by women sarpanches. Panchayat secretaries maintain all accounts, MNREGA funds are received regularly in every GP.
25
- Nambardars are still there. - Anganwaris were present in almost all villages but functioning from
Dharamsalas. - Dharamsalas are there in most villages but are not properly maintained. - Depending upon population, primary, middle or senior secondary schools are
fully functional. Private schools of English medium are attracting children in bigger villages and small towns.
- Medical services are limited. - Veterinary health services are grossly inadequate. - Villages are connected with roads and local bus services are mostly available to
important villages. - As such there are colleges at Nakodar and Sultanpur Lodhi but no major
hospital is located in the project area.
2.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
2.4.1 Status of Educational Institutions
All the villages have primary schools except Mundi Kalu andDhuduwal, two middle schools at Phull and Mundo Chollian, three SCH-HI schools at Sindhar,Nal and Nawanpind Khalewal but no ITI,Polytechnic or degree college in the project villages. The industrial training institute, polytechnic and degree colleges are situated at Nakodar, Jalandhar and Sultanpur Lodhi which are at a distance between 16 and 40 km with an average distance of 28km from project villages.
2.4.2 Status of Animal Husbandry Dispensary, Animal Census, Dairy, Poultry
and Fishery
The animal health care services are provided by two dispensary one at Sindhar and second at Turna and one hospital atNal.. The average distance to hospital is 5 to 8km. The total livestock population is 13683 with average of 456animal/village and buffalo is the main animal. There are eight milk collection centres, 13 commercial dairy units, 4 poultry units and 3 fish farms. There is vast scope of improving dairy, poultry and bee keeping in the project area.
2.4.3 Water Availability Status of Project Village
The water availability situation is favorable in the area .An area of 11349ha is irrigated by tube-well and no canal water supply. The number of tube-wells is increasing very fast. The ground water table for drinking water varies from 30 to 50m.. Drinking water quality is not bad except villages very close to Bein.. The irrigation water is of normal quality. Most villages are served by water supply scheme and there are three water storage overhead tanks.
2.4.4 Status of Farm Power and Machinery
There are 1297 tube-wells in the project area out of which 765 are engine operated and remaining 295 are electricity operated submersible motors. This number is increasing very fast. The revenue records showed that there are 605 tractors, 474 threshers, 8 combine harvesters and 8 reapers.
26
2.4.5 Area Under Principle crops in the Project villages Land use
Out of the total geographical area of 6684 ha, the treatable area is 5024 ha covering 30 villages. As per 2011 revenue records, 6053ha is net cropped area. There is no forest area. Wheat followed by paddy is the main crop rotation. Wheat covers 4511 ha and paddy 4951ha.The area under fodder, maize, and orchards is 669,110 and 2 ha respectively. The oilseeds occupy an area of 29ha, pulses 8ha and vegetables 679. Sugarcane is taken over an area of 33 ha.
2.4.6 Population status
The total population of the project villages as per 2011 census is 27303 with 14136 male and13167 female which is distributed over 4082 families. The SC population is 8097 or 29.7 percent of the total. The literacy rate is 59 percent.
2.5 OTHER ONGOING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS/ SCHEMES IN THE
PROJECT VILLAGES
These villages being backward have been on top priority of a number of development projects. These programmes are Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), Swarnajaynti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) and Indira Awas Yojna (IAY), NWDPRA (Table 2.3).
Sr. No
Name of the Program/Project
Name of Sub- Watersheds
Sponsoring agency
Objective Estimated number of
beneficiaries
1 MGNREGA Jalandhar-V DRDA Jalandhar
To provide assured employment of 100 days in a year to unskilled labour and development of village.
400
2 Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC),
Do Do
3 Swarnajaynti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY)
Do Do
The District Rural Development Agency has undertaken various schemes in the
Shahkot and Lohian Blocks under centrally sponsored schemes.
2.6 PROJECT AT A GLANCE The salient details of IWMP Jalandhar-V as per PPR of the project are given below . Table 2.4: Salient details of IWMP Jalandhar-V Project at a Glance
General Information
1. Name of the Sub Watershed
2. Name of the Block Shahkot and Lohian
3. Name of the District Jalandhar
4. Geographical Area of the Watershed 6684ha./Effective Area 5024ha
5. Major Water Source Mainly Tube wells
27
6. River flowing nearby the Watershed Area Chitti Bein and Satluj River
11. Major Crops and Vegetables Paddy, , Wheat, Sorghum,Potato, Peas and Musk Melon
12. Marketing Local, Shahkot,Nakodar and Lohian
Horticulture
13. Major Crops Mango, Gauva, Galgal, lemon
14. Marketing Mostly local
Animal Husbandry
15. Families involved in commercial dairy farming
13
16. Livestock Buffalos, Cow, Goat, Sheep
17. Daily Milk Production Average 3 to 5 Liter / Family
Land Characteristics
18. Slope Upper area 1 to3 7% Lover area 1 to 2 %
19. Erosion High in areas touching Bein Banks and slight in lower area.
Soil Characteristics
20. Soil Depth Deep
21. pH 7.2 to 8.3
2.7 SWOT ANALYSIS OF IWMP PROJECT
After collection of basic data, interaction with communities and complete appraisal of resources, a critical analysis of main strengths of the proposed project, evident weaknesses, opportunities available for successful implementation and scope of achieving set objectives is made. Attention is also paid to possible threats against which sufficient in build safeguards are provided. Such an analysis was done for the project in hand and a summary of observations are given in table below:-
28
Table 2.5 SWOT Analysis of IWMP – V Jalandhar
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
1. Good road connectivity
2. Favourable environment to raise crop productivity
3. Regular drinking water availability
4. Good response to improved water management practices
5. Farm machinery is available
6. Hard working and responsive farmers
7. Agri inputs are available
8. Youth interested in agri-business
1. Lack of marketing and storage facilities.
2. Lack of good quality seed availability
3. Lack of improved cattle breed.
4. Lack of animal health care services
5. Lack of milk collection centres.
6. Lack of knowledge base regarding scientific cattle management.
7. No organized micro-enterprise activities existing.
8. Lack of technical skills
9. Soil erosion in areas adjoining Bein
1. With proper water management, considerable increase in agriculture production can be assured.
2. With lazer leveling irrigation efficiency can be increased.
3. With balanced fertilization use production can be enhanced.
4. Promotion of organic farming and vermin compost.
5. Providing training on dairy farming.
6. Green manuring crops can be encouraged.
7. Scope of clonal eucalyptus 8. Good scope of food
processing especially Potato and Peas
1. Continuous decline of ground water is danger for agriculture.
2. Stagnation of standing pond water is harmful for human health.
3. Hail storms and frost cause damage to crops
4. Damage of crops by stray cattle/wild life.
5. Prevalence of human and cattle diseases due to accumulation of toxic elements in soil and water
6. Village ponds are in bad shape and give foul smell and need drainage system
A view of Chhiti Bein near village Baghpur
29
CHAPTER – III
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
Project Implementing Agency, Department of Soil & Water Conservation, Punjab and
WCDC assigned the work for preparation of Detailed Project Report for IWMP-
IWMP – V Jalandhar in Shahkot and Lohian Blocks to The Society for Promotion and
Conservation of Environment Chandigarh which has vast experience in the field,
having completed numerous such projects in various states of the country. The
following methodology was adopted to prepare the DPR.
3.1 BENCH MARK SURVEY AND RESOURCE INVENTORY
Bench mark survey for collection of baseline data on various bio-physical and socio-
economic aspects was initiated with the active involvement of the front line staff of
PIA. Special social development staff was engaged by the SPACE for compilation of
basic data from primary and secondary sources.
Collection of Primary Data: This work was initiated in September2014. First of all a
meeting was arranged with the department officials located at alandhar, in which
Technical Expert from WCDC, Officers from PIA and President of SPACE
participated. In this introductory meeting, the preliminary details of the proposed
project, location of villages and basis for selection were discussed.
In order to have a first hand view, a quick joint visit through the proposed project
area was made. In this reconnaissance survey, physical location of the watershed,
important villages, drainage system, main land use, and problems of the area were
assessed. We also met number of Sarpanches to get feedback from them and noted
their perception, needs, and scope of watershed works. Some of the landless and
BPL families were also interviewed to understand their needs and possible solutions.
Collection of Secondary Data :A proforma was designed to collect information on
demographic features, socio economic, infrastructure, land use, primary and
secondary occupations, major crops grown and yield levels, fruit and vegetable
crops and marketing facilities, fodder production, agro-forestry crops, livestock status
and milk production, status of Self Help Groups, previous watershed schemes and
works undertaken under MNREGA etc. A social development associate started
collecting this information and also held individual and group discussions with
women groups, landless, BPL and other poor sections of the society. The issues
concerning water availability, use of common property resources, fuel and fodder
availability, wage employment opportunities and major concerns of the community
were discussed; debated and final outcomes were recorded.
3.2 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL
Participatory Rural Appraisal was conducted at the village level to assess the
resources available, local skills and indigenous knowledge, livelihoods, wealth
30
structure, social dynamics and needs of the community. The following tools were
used:
3.2.1Community Sensitization and Rapport Building
A meeting of the villagers was held with sufficient notice and mutually agreed date,
place and time. The villagers were made aware about the program details, need of
participation, details of cost sharing, roles and responsibilities and time frame.
3.2.2 Resource Mapping
This included social mapping, resource (Land, water, vegetation, livestock, common
property) mapping, seasonality calendar, service inflow and outflow, location of
existing works and possible location of proposed works but subjected to technical
requirements.
3.2.3 Transect Walk
In order to identify the areas to be treated, proposed work sites and assess the
feasibility, the experts carried out a reconnaissance survey through transect walk.
The sites were marked on the maps and the different treatment measures required
for the treatment of the area were also recommended.
3.2.4 Focused Group Discussions
Focused Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted in order to obtain community
approved conclusions on various identified needs. It was helpful in complementing
the assessments emerged from PRA and to derive the opinion of the community on
various issues.
3.3 FORMATION OF WATERSHED COMMITTEES
Since project activities are to be carried out in collaboration and deep involvement of
the people, village level committees were constituted in each project village. The
department staff was present during the election of committee members.
3.4 USAGE OF DATA
The data, primary as well as secondary, which was obtained from the various
authentic sources, was used in formulation of the local needs of the populace and
also to plan the interventions required for the optimum utilization of the available
resources in the watershed area. The due emphasis was given to plan the activities
to fill in the existing gaps and to address the weak indicators.
3.5 PREPARATION OF ACTION PLAN AND APPROVAL
Data was analyzed and based on the identified needs and problems in the
watershed area; a draft action plan was prepared and placed before the concerned
watershed Development committee for approval. After detailed deliberations and
incorporation of relevant suggestions into the plan, the action plan was got approved
from the concerned Watershed Development Committee in the form of resolution.
31
3.6. COMPILATION OF DPR’s
The Draft Project Report was prepared based on the basic information generated
from primary and secondary sources. This also included the outcome of Participatory
Rural appraisal and outcome of transit walks and stakeholder discussions. A list of
scope of work which finally emerged was prepared. Based on the technical surveys
detailed cost estimates were prepared for components in natural resources
management, entry point activities, and production systems. A broad framework for
capacity building at all levels as per the guidelines of the DOLR was prepared. The
livelihood opportunities which emerged from local products and market facilies were
analysed and an outline of the same was included. Since the financial provisions are
well decided according to the area proposed to be covered (Rs 12000/Ha at
present), these provisions were distributed across project activities. The project
activities are sequenced into three phases namely preparatory phase, works phase
and consolidation and withdrawal phase, so the activities were segregated in this
sequence and explained in detail. Finally, the details about budget and its split up
into annual action plans were attempted. The proforma used to enlist activities in
village meetings is annexed.
Photographs showing presence of community during group discussions in PRA
exercises
32
CHAPTER – IV
SCOPE OF WORK IN PROJECT VILLAGES
All the project villages were visited by the team of SPACE comprising of
The ladies especially young girls took lot of interest in the discussions and give their
names for training in a sewing and tailoring centre and also for the formation of SHG.
46
Harpreet Kaur d/o Balbir Singh, Amanpreet
Kaur d/o Charan Singh, Baljit Kaur d/o Sohan
Singh, Kuldeep Kaur d/o Surjit Singh, Pooja
d/o Rachhpal Singh, Gurpreet d/o Santokh
Singh, Sumanpreet d/o Santokh Singh,
Inderjeet Kaur d/o Sukhdev Singh, Saranjeet
Kaur d/o Rachhpal Singh, Paramjeet Kaur d/o
Sohan Singh, Meena d/o Sohan Singh,
Lakhwinder Kaur w/o Kulbir Singh, Jyoti d/o
Mahinder Singh and Priya d/o Mahinder Singh.
Village Nawapind Khalewal
This village is situated on Lohian-Shahkot main road at a distance of about 6km from
Lohian. The Phillaur-Lohian railway line passes through this village and also the Bein
is located on the periphery of this revenue village. An area of 121ha has been taken
up for treatment at a total cost of Rs.15.00lakh. The meeting was held in the
premises of local gurdwara and was arranged by Sh.Jaswant Singh president of WC
and Sh.Tarsem Singh secretary. The group was explained the purpose of the
meeting, the aims and objectives of the program, its duration, activities covered
under the program, allocation under different components and also the roles and
responsibilities of watershed committee. After detailed discussions following
activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: The sludge water of the village goes to Bein through a
channel made along the burms of the pucca road. This channel has been covered
with lot of weeds and water stagnates due to accumulation of water in local
depressions. The WC and Gram Panchayat decided to construct the pucca open
channel along the road with the available funds of Rs.0.58lakh under EPA.
Natural Resource Management: We had lot of discussions on the utilization of
Rs.8.13lakh made available for civil works under NRM component of the project.
There was no pond which could be renovated. A small pond on a katcha path
beyond the railway line was inspected and found that the size is so small that it is not
adviseable to invest the funds on its repair and renovation. There was no demand for
47
laser leveling as farmers are already doing it at their own. We ultimately decided that
the maximum saving in irrigation water could be made if underground pipelines are
laid from individual tubewells for irrigation. The available funds could provide 32acre
length of 10” dia RCC pipeline which would be distributed amongst the beneficiaries
but preference will be given to those small farmers who want to carry the water to
fields located at higher elevation or have lands in two pockets which could be
connected by the underground pipeline. The watershed committee agreed to share
this 32acre land amongst the beneficiary farmers who would share 20% of the cost.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural
university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be
promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun
and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per
requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is
proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project
funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20%
and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be
deposited in the WC fund.
In order to take care the health of livestock, two animal health care camps
shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect
the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and
there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: Madam Tirath Kaur was included as one of the
member of the watershed committee representing SC/ST families. She along with
Sujeet Kaur, Jaswinder Kaur promised to form SHG and requested the PIA staff to
hold a separate meeting in the village for this purpose.
Sh.Jaswant Singh president WC and Sh.Tarsem Singh, Kewal Singh agreed to
motivate the young unemployed youth of the village for getting training and start IGA
activities. In fact the SC population is relatively much less in this village and being
located on the main road are getting labor work in the Lohian Township. However,
computer training could be provided to help them getting better job opportunities.
48
Village Sidhupur
This village is situated just on the Lohian – Shahkot main road at a distance of about
2.5km from Lohian. The meeting was held in the premises of Gurdwara on
12.12.2014 where sarpanch Amarjit Singh, President WC Sh.Manjit Singh and
Secretary Sh.Gurcharan Singh were present along with other members of GP and
WC and prominent farmers. An area of 108ha has been taken for treatment in this
village at a total cost of Rs.13.00lakh. The total population of the village is 910 out of
which SC population is 149. The group was explained the purpose of the meeting,
the aims and objectives of the program, its duration, activities covered under the
program, allocation under different components and also the roles and
responsibilities of watershed committee.
After detailed discussions following activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: A provision of Rs.0.47lakh has been made for EPA under
the project. After discussions it was decided that there is a piece of about one acre
land just on the road which is low lying and needs to be developed as ground of the
school. It was decided that earth filling should be carried out in this ground and also
an open channel lined along the road to carry the sludge water up to the pond. This
activity was not included in the program earlier as WC was formed only very
recently. The PIA promised to send the estimates for the completion of this work
immediately.
Natural Resource Management: A sum of Rs.6.53lakh has been provided for civil
works under NRM component. It was decided by the majority that the village pond
situated just on the road should be de-silted and retaining walls constructed
preferably along the area of the graveyard and a pipeline in 240m length should be
provided for irrigation. The measurements were taken at site and decided to
construct 165m length of retaining wall with 1m height and also 132m of pipeline for
irrigation. This was restricted due to budget limitations.
49
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20% and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: Since this village is quite close to Lohian town, the
income generating activities like dairy farming,
mushroom cultivation, bee keeping, poultry
farming were indicated by the landless
families as livelihood support activities. The
women members insisted for training in
sewing of warm clothes including a computer
centre.
We noted that a private company was
collecting milk from the village and paying on
the basis of fat percentage and taking it to Firozpur for processing. Such dairy units
should be encouraged for processing of the milk and youth involved in the milk
collection and processing activity.
50
Village Turna
Village Turna is off the Malsian-Sultanpur Lodhi road on left side at a distance of
about 3km. An area of 152ha has been taken for treatment under the project at a
cost of Rs.18.00lakh. The meeting in the village was held at a common place under
the banyan tree which was arranged by Sh.Harcharan Singh President WC and
Sh.Kamaljeet Singh Sarpanch and members of GP and WC. In addition large
number of farmers and farm women participated in the meeting. The group was
explained the purpose of the meeting, the aims and objectives of the program, its
duration, and activities covered under the program, allocation under different
components and also the roles and responsibilities of watershed committee.
Here again the youth club was quite active and there was good working relations
amongst members of GP and WC and youth club was really interested to contribute
for the community welfare programs. After detailed discussions the following
activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: A sum of Rs.0.73lakh has been provided for EPA. Most of
the village rain and sludge water goes into the pond located on the southern side of
the link road and this water after the road goes in a katcha channel which is full of
weeds and filth. The WC gave a resolution for the construction of a pucca channel in
place of this nala to take the rain and sludge water safely to the village pond. On the
basis of the resolution approval has been taken for the construction of this channel
and material had reached the site when the team visited.
Natural Resource Management: A provision of Rs.10.21lakh has been made for
civil work under NRM component. All the village community converged to the point of
common interest that included the management of the village pond. This pond is
spread over an area of 2acres and is full of weeds and silted up. The pond is also
under encroachment on two of its sides. The GP and WC wanted to construct
retaining walls on the existing boundary of the pond so as to establish permanent
points for avoiding future encroachment. It was decided to:
a) Remove weeds and de-silt the pond from all the corners to increase its storage
capacity.
51
b) To construct retaining wall all around for which measurements were taken and
total length was worked out as 576m. This may be limited to availability of
funds,
c) The layout of an underground pipeline from the corner near the transformer
along the katcha path in a length of 750m, 10” dia RCC pipe. This will provide
irrigation to about 15ha of lands of farmers. Seven outlets were proposed for
taking out water for irrigation. The names of the farmers were as under:
On left side of the path are: Swarn Singh, Hans Raj, Satpal Singh, Darshan Singh,
Gurmukh Singh, Bagga Singh, Gurdial Singh, Pyara Singh etc.
and on the right side of the path are Darshan Singh, Lakhwinder Singh, Gurmukh
Singh, Tara Singh, Karnail Singh and Pyara Singh.
These farmers promised to contribute in the form of labor and also to take out silt of
the pond for application in their respective fields. The gram panchayat sarpanch
promised to provide labor from MNREGA funds.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural
university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be
promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun
and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per
requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is
proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project
funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20%
and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be
deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps
shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect
the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and
there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: The youth club was quite active and lot of young boys
came forward to give their names for various training programs and to take up
different income generating activities. The names given include:
Parminder Kaur d/o Harbans Singh has already completed a two year diploma in
sewing and tailoring and showed her certificate. She could be taken for the job of
sewing and tailoring teacher for the centre.
Village Ghuduwal
As stated above this village is on the link road from Lohian to Shahkot with a
population of 1082 member out of which SC are 146 only. An area of 199ha has
been taken for treatment under the project at a cost of Rs.24.00lakh. The meeting
was held in the premises of Gurdwara where
the gram panchayat sarpanch Sh.Mangat
Ram, the WC president Sh.Shital Singh and
secretary Sh.Mahinder Singh were present
along with prominent farmers of the village.
The group was explained the purpose of the
meeting, the aims and objectives of the
program, its duration, activities covered under
the program, allocation under different
components and also the roles and
responsibilities of watershed committee. After detailed discussions following
activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: A sum of Rs.0.86lakh has been provided for EPA but this
activity was not finalized as yet because the Watershed Committee was formed very
recently. After detailed discussion it was decided that the street from the house of
Gurdial Singh ex-sarpanch up to the peripheral road may be brick lined in a length of
250ft. In addition another 150ft length should also be brick lined from the house of
Piara Singh up to the house of Charan Singh s/o Najar Singh. The measurements
were taken at the spot and PIA staff promised to send the estimates for sanction
immediately. The work would be completed during this financial year.
Natural Resource Management: The civil works under Natural Resource
Management would be completed at a total cost of Rs.12.04lakh provided for this
component. All the participants converged to one point that the village pond situated
on the road should be de-silted and retaining wall should be constructed on the sides
58
where it has not been constructed so far. The retaining wall in a length of 80m has
already been constructed. It was decided to put a pipeline in a length of 240m. In
addition an open channel was also required in a length of 165m to carry the waste
water up to the village pond. With the limitation of funds it was decided to construct
250m of retaining wall and 120m of underground pipeline.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20% and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: The SC population is limited to only about 10% in this
village but there are number of landless who were interested in getting training in
dairy, piggery, goatary, mushroom cultivation and bee-keeping. Some of the
educated youth was pressing for a computer centre. A separate meeting was held
with the women members led by Kulwinder Kaur and Sukhwinder Kaur. These
women were interested in sewing and tailoring centre. There was reluctance for
forming SHG as a group earlier formed had badly failed. We persuaded them to start
the same group which shall be taken over and adopted under this project.
59
Village Jalalpur Kalan
The village Jalalpur Kalan is situated on the right bank of Bein River and is linked
from Sidhupur via Shergarhi and is about 7km from the Lohian town. An earthen
embankment has been constructed along the Bein River starting from the railway
line and continues all along up to Mundi Kalu village. Some of the land of Jalalpur
Kalan is also situated inside the Bundh and is frequently flooded during heavy rains.
An area of 83ha has been taken for treatment under the project at the cost of
Rs.10.00lakh. The total population of this village is 772 (419 male & 353 female) with
184 members of SC family. The PRA exercise was carried out on 12.12.2014 and
meeting was organized in the premises of the Gurdwara where Sh.Major Singh
sarpanch of the gram panchayat and Sh.Ajit Singh president of watershed committee
and Sh.Gurmail Singh secretary along with other members of WC and GP were
present. The group was explained the purpose of the meeting, the aims and
objectives of the program, its duration, and activities covered under the program,
allocation under different components and also the roles and responsibilities of
watershed committee.
After detailed discussions following activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: It took long time to decide the EPA because the committee
was formed very recently. It was finally decided that one of the rear wall of the school
premises may be constructed with the limited funds of Rs.0.36lakh provided under
this component and the remaining amount shall be spent by the gram panchayat
from its own funds. The PIA took the measurements at the spot and promised to get
the estimate approved and supply the material immediately.
Natural Resource Management: A provision
of Rs.5.02lakh has been made for civil works
under NRM component. It was reported by the
sarpanch that there are two ponds in the village
with a total area of 2.75acres. While the pond
on the school side receives maximum rain and
sludge water but the pond on the other side
near Harijan Basti receives much less water it POND- 1
60
was decided to connect both the ponds with an
underground pipeline for which measurements were taken and 123m underground
pipeline was planned to carry water of pond no.1 near school to pond no.2 near
Harijan Basti. When this water goes to pond no.2 then it will be used to irrigate the
land at higher level with an underground pipeline of 120m. It was further planned that
the retaining wall of pond no.1 in a length of 84m and height of 1m may be
constructed towards the abadi side so that encroachments already were made may
be put to halt. In case of pond no.2 in addition to cleanliness and earth removal an
earthen embankment may be constructed over a length of 265m. The measurements
were taken at site and the villagers were satisfied with the above said provisions
made in the scheme.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20% and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: Some members from the SC/ST families were
involved in discussions and it came out that two SHGs can be made for which the
names were noted by the WDT. The educated boys were interested in mobile repair
training and computer centre. Some of the boys wanted to enlarge the carpentry
work they are already doing as helpers with the main concern. The women members
specifically asked for the sewing and tailoring centre and suggested that the milk
collection centre should be established where number of boys can get gainful
employment. Dairy farming and poultry was suggested as one of the viable
subsidiary occupation for number of boys. There was a need for more awareness
generation in these villages as entry of PIA was very recent mainly for the formation
of watershed committees.
61
Village Jalalpur Khurd
A rural road connects Lohian with Shahkot via different villages and village Kang
Khurd is located at a distance of about 3kms from Lohian. Jalalpur Khurd is reached
from Kang Khurd through a link road. An area of 86ha has been taken up for
treatment under the project at a cost of Rs.10.00lakh. On a prior notice, the meeting
was held in the premises of the primary school in anganwari arranged by
Sh.Charanjit Singh president of the WC and Sh.Surjit Singh sarpanch gram
panchayat.
The group was explained the purpose of the meeting, the aims and objectives of the
program, its duration, activities covered under the program, allocation under different
components and also the roles and responsibilities of watershed committee. After
detailed discussions following activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: The meeting was attended by maximum number of women
members to press for activities benefitting SC/ST families. The quality of drinking
water is not fit for human use so it was decided that a submersible motor with over
head tank may be installed with the available funds of Rs.0.14lakh under EPA. This
facility should be made in Harijan Mohalla from where maximum number of families
can get the benefit of quality drinking water. The sarpanch gram panchayat assured
to get the electric connection on priority.
Natural Resource Management: A sum of Rs.5.78lakh has been provided for civil
works under NRM component. The villagers after discussions converged on to solve
the problem of village pond situated on the southern side of the village.
62
A 33ft wide katcha path goes from the village to the fields on one side of which is a
pucca channel which carries sludge water to the village pond. It was decided to de-
silt this pond after removing weeds and construct retaining walls on all the sides.
Some of the lands further south are located at a lower elevation than the pond and
hence could receive the benefit of irrigation after the renovation and de-siltation of
the pond. Seven farmers on all the sides were interested to use the pond water for
irrigation on 6ha of land.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural
university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be
promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun
and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per
requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is
proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project
funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20%
and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be
deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps
shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect
the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and
there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: The women participants were addressed separately
and motivated them to start different livelihood activities after receiving training and
support from the project. They reported that except anganwari no other government
facility has been provided for the women of the village. They agreed to form at least
three SHGs and also strongly advocated for opening a sewing and tailoring centre.
Village Shergarhi is situated at a distance of about 1.5km from the main Lohian-
Shahkot road in a link road taking off from Sidhupur village. This is one of the
smallest village of the project having 47ha of treatable area to be covered at a cost
of Rs.6.00lakh. The meeting was arranged in the premises of the local gurdwara
arranged by very active watershed committee president Sh.Charan Singh and
secretary Sh.Lakhwinder Singh. Out of the total population of 433 there are 237 men
and 196 are women. The group was explained the purpose of the meeting, the aims
and objectives of the program, its duration, and activities covered under the program,
allocation under different components and also the roles and responsibilities of
watershed committee.
75
After detailed discussions following activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: With the limited fund of Rs.0.23lakh under EPA the
community decided that a borewell may be excavated in the premises of the
gurdwara and gram panchayat would arrange electric motor and connection from
their own resources. This proposal was agreed to by all the members present in the
meeting.
Natural Resource Management: The community explained that the sludge water of
the village has been taken by a pucca open channel to the village pond located
about 200m on the northern side along a local path. On inspection we noted that this
pond is in a very bad shape and need de-siltation and given proper shape. After
taking measurements it was decided to construct 203m retaining wall at a total cost
of Rs.3.16lakh available under NRM component. The adjoining farmers were willing
to lift this water for irrigation.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20% and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect
76
the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: An old SHG named Nari Shakti was operating under
the leadership of an anganwari worker. They were collecting monthly savings and
also carrying out inter-loaning. This SHG is now non-functional and the same shall
be adopted under the project. The following names were given for participation in
Though the village is small in size there are adjoining villagers of Jalalpur Kalan and
Sidhupur which could be joined together to open up a sewing and tailoring centre for
which the gram panchayat promised to provide the accommodation.
We motivated the young boys to take up floriculture and mushroom cultivation
because of the nearness to the town of Lohian.
Village Mundi Cholian
This village is located on Lohian-Manak-
Nahal and Mundi Cholian link road at a
distance of about 6km from Lohian. It is
located on the western side of the Bein which
passes through the land of this village. An
area of 180ha has been taken up for
treatment under the project at a total cost of
Rs.22.00lakh. The meeting was arranged by
Sh.Sukhwinder Singh president of the WC.
The group was explained the purpose of the meeting, the aims and objectives of the
program, its duration, activities covered under the program, allocation under different
components and also the roles and responsibilities of watershed committee. After
detailed discussions following activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: The PIA obtained the resolution from the watershed
committee to install solar lights in the village with the sum of Rs.0.86lakh provided
under this component. The estimates for the solar lights have been sent for approval
and this work shall be completed during the current financial year.
Natural Resource Management: The sum of Rs.12.10lakh has been provided for
civil works under the NRM component. The community decided to renovate and
excavate the village pond spread over two kanals of land on the southern periphery
of the village. In fact all the sludge water going from the pucca channels made along
the streets goes to this pond which is full with weeds and have been silted up. it was
decided to:
77
a) Remove the weeds and de-silt the pond.
b) Construct the retaining wall on all the sides.
c) Lay out underground pipeline 10” dia RCC over a length of 330m for irrigation.
Since there is regular supply of sludge water which could be used to irrigate the land
of seven farmers having an area of 5ha on the lower side of the pond however the
pump stand, an engine and small room shall have to be constructed for this purpose.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20% and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: The majority of the village belongs to Rai-Sikh, an ST
community who developed the land along the Bein and Satluj River and started
settled life in this area popularly called “Mand Area”. They were interested to start
income generating activities like poultry farm, dairying, mushroom cultivation and
some of the boys interested in the training of diesel mechanic and electrician. The
78
WDT social needs to contact them for different type of training programmes. The
Singh, Sohan Singh and Gurkirat Singh opted for dairying, poultry and vendor for
milk collection.
93
The women present in the meeting give their names to form SHGs where Kamaljeet
Kaur, Sukhwinder Kaur, Reena Rani, Sibo Rani, Debo Rani, Parveen Kaur give their
names to form SHG. The gram panchayat sarpanch Ranjeet Kaur had a separate
meeting with the visiting group and assured all help and assistance to the PIA for the
effective implementation of the project.
Village Sarai Kham
The village Sarai Kham is situated on
the right bank of Chitti Bein and is linked
with the main Malsian-Sultanpur Lodhi
road via Maliawal-Dada Lehna. The
village is situated very close to the Chitti
Bein and the land of the village is
located on both the sides. The Chitti
Bein carries the runoff and sludge water
of the village. A pipeline has already been laid from the village pond up to the Bein to
carry the sludge water. The village is situated at a high mound and the land is at a
lower elevation and general slope of the land is from the north to south. An area of
165ha has been taken for treatment at a total cost of Rs.20.00lakh.
The meeting was held at a common place in the village and attended by the village
sarpanch Sh.Jasbir Singh and WC president Sh.Atma Singh. Large number of
farmers and farm women were present in the meeting. The group was explained the
purpose of the meeting, the aims and objectives of the program, its duration,
activities covered under the program, allocation under different components and also
the roles and responsibilities of watershed committee. During discussions the main
problem highlighted was the safe disposal of sludge and rainwater and its use for
irrigation. After detailed deliberations the following activities were finalized:
Entry Point Activities: A sum of Rs.0.79lakh has been provided for EPA under the
project. After getting the resolution from the watershed committee a proposal for
installation of solar lights at strategic locations has been floated by the PIA for
approval. This work is likely to be completed during the current financial year.
Natural Resource Management: A sum of Rs.11.09lakh has been provided for civil
works under NRM component. The village pond is situated on south-western side on
the periphery of the village and most of the rainwater and sludge water enters into
the pond. As per revenue record the area under the pond is 3kanal and 7marla. It is
located at a lower elevation close to the link road. No pulley/culvert has been
provided below the road for drainage of excess water.
94
During the rainy season, as the pond overflows, the link road block the flow and
adjoining areas of the pond are submerged. This is the major problem and proper
solution was required. The following activities under this component were finalized
after detailed site inspection:
a) Weed removal, de-siltation and renovation of pond.
b) Construction of broken, incomplete retaining walls.
c) Lay out of underground pipeline across Bein River. 25m GI 15cm dia pipe
over a length of 25m to irrigate 3.5acre of land on the other side of the Bein
River.
d) The runoff water from the fields on the bank of the Bein river when enters into
the river forms rills and gullies where 15chutes are provided for safe disposal
of water.
e) In case some funds are left, the remaining amount may be used for laser
leveling in the lands of small and marginal farmers with cost sharing norms.
Production System: 9% of the project funds are provided for improving the
production potential of the farm lands and also of the livestock. The farmers are
interested in high yielding and disease resistant varieties of crops. The following
activities have been unanimously decided by the WC.
Provision of improved seeds of crops recommended by the agricultural university Ludhiana/ Department of Agriculture, State of Punjab.
In order to improve the vegetation cover in the village agro-forestry shall be promoted by providing saplings of clonal eucalyptus, poplar, drake, jamun and any other shade plant wanted by the farmers.
In order to improve the family nutrition, 10 saplings of fruit plants as per requirement shall be supplied from the approved nurseries to every family.
The kitchen garden is an essential part of improving family nutrition. So it is proposed to provide vegetable seed kits to desirous families from the project funds.
It was made very clear that the general category families shall share 20% and SC/ST families 10% share cost of the above items which shall be deposited in the WC fund.
In order to takecare the health of livestock, two animal health care camps shall be organized in the village and veterinarians would be invited to inspect
95
the livestock and recommend the medicines which shall be provided then and there from the project funds including the mineral mixture if recommended.
Livelihood Support System: The second major demand of this village was a bridge
over the Bein river because they are to travel all the way to Maliawal and then reach
Malsian by traversing a distance of 9km where as a crow fly Malsian is hardly 3km.
The proposal of bridge is pending with the district administration. As regards
livelihood activity the following ladies give their name for starting Self Help Group:
In case of gainful employment for landless and SC/ST families which constitute a
sizeable number in the village there was demand for starting a sewing and tailoring
centre and also a computer centre. Sh.Atma Singh President of WC promised to
motivate more than two dozen unemployed youth to come forward for training and
starting livelihood activities.
96
CHAPTER – V
ENTRY POINT ACTIVITIES
This is an important activity of the preparatory phase for which 3.6% of the funds are
earmarked. The main purpose is to develop confidence of the community about the
commitment of the project and develop rapport with the people. Any most prioritized
activity of common welfare is executed in the village which provides some relief to
most of them. Adopting a participatory approach, the EPA activities were identified
by the expert team. However, some of the activities in few villages were already
identified and also executed by the PIA which were taken as such and got included
in the DPR. The list of entry point activities finalized in project villages is given below.
Table 5.1: Details of proposed Entry Point Activities under IWMP –Jalandhar-V
S. No
Village Treatable Area (ha)
Fund Proposed (Rs.)
Works Proposed
LOHIAN BLOCK
1 Mulewal Arayan 191 0.83 Pacca open channel for sludge water to pond
2 Nimazipur 72 0.31 RO in Govt. School and Tanki
3 Meda 186 0.80 Reconstruction of sludge water channel 45m
4 Sindhar 298 1.29 UGPL to carry sludge water to pond near Railway line and open channela and earth filling
5 Khosa 196 0.85 Construction of remaining retaining wall of smaller pond, cleaning and DPC on wall.
6 Makhi 137 0.59 UGPL along road to carry waste water to pond
7 Nawanpind Khalewal 121 0.52 Repair and renovation of open channel along road
8 Sidhupur 108 0.47 Earth filling in school ground and open channel along road
9 Turna 152 0.66 Construction of Pacca open channel to carry waste water to the pond across road
10 Phul 149 0.64 Reconstruction of sunken open channel to carry waste water to pond
11 Mehmuwal Mehlar 105 0.45 RO and water cooler in school primises
12 Ghuduwal 199 0.86 130m kacha path to be brick linned in Harian Mohala in two parts
`3 Jalalpur Kalan 83 0.36 Construction of boundry wall of school
14 Jalalpur Khurd 86 0.37 Submersible motor and overhead tank in Harian Mohala
15 Nal 399 1.72 Solar lights at strategic locations in streets
16 Malewal 85 0.37 400m linned open channel along link road to pond to carry sludge water
17 Dhada Lehna 81 0.35 RO and cooler in Anganwari near Gurdwara
18 Alewal 82 0.35 Submersible motor and overhead tank in Harijan Basti
97
19 Kasupur 150 0.65 RO and water cooler in school and Dharamsala
20 Sherghari 47 0.20 Dug a borewell near Gurdwara, motor etc GP will install.
21 Mundi Cholian 180 0.78 Solar lights at strategic locations
22 Mundi Shehrian 97 0.42 Solar lights at strategic locations
23 Mundi Kalu 162 0.70 Bricl linning of peripheral path
SHAHKOT BLOCK
24 Khurampur 228 0.98 Open lined channel to take sludge water to sewerage line
25 Sahla Nagar 490 2.12 Open lined channel to take sludge water to sewerage line
26 Baghpur 102 0.44 Retaining wall along Phirni from Gurdwara upto Haudi
27 Haveli 286 1.24 Construction of lined open channel to carry sludge water from street to main Nala
28 Akalpur 207 0.89 Construction of lined open channel to carry sludge water from Gurdwara to main Nala
29 Raibwal 180 0.78 Installation of solar ligts at strategic locations
30 Saraikham 165 0.71 Installation of solar ligts at strategic locations
5024 21.70
These EPAs were finalized by actually visiting the sites along with staff and WC
members and villagers. We noted that since village Sarpanch was made to actively
participate in the identification of activites, most Sarpanches took keen interest in the
programme and activities thus identified were aimed at solving some real problems
or were need based and demand driven. The WCs were specifically requested to
develop protocols for maintenance of these activities and some cess fund should be
created for maintenance. Based upon the funds available for EPA, the quantity of
works was adjusted and shortfall shall be met from MNREGA.
Since part of funds under EPA has been received by the PIA, the estimates have
been prepared as per funds availability and sent for approval of the competent
authority. Most of these works would be executed during the year 2014-15.
98
CHAPTER – VI
INSTITUTIONAL AND CAPACITY BUILDING
1. INTRODUCTION
Watershed development is conceived as a strategy for protecting livelihoods of people inhabiting fragile ecosystems, which over period of time have become subject to multidimensional land degradation. Main stress has been to ensure availability of water for drinking and irrigation to support agro-horti-forestry operation vis-à-vis raise income level and provide adequate employment opportunities for communities living in such areas of concerns. As an intervention Integrated Wasteland Development is nearly 20 years old. The initiatives have been subject to periodic reviews by expert committees with a broader view to improve upon its strategy and components as well as match with the growing socio-ecological requirements
Para 9.VIII of common guidelines necessitate capacity building and training of all functionaries and stakeholders involved watershed programme on a war footing with definite action plan, requisite professionalism and all round competence.
2. VISION
A sincere effort is required to provide professionalism and competence to the stakeholders associated with planning and implementation of IWMP in the state. This would include organization development, human resource development, cooperation and network development and institutional development, all seen as a continuous process enabling functionaries to enhance their knowledge and skills and to develop the required orientation and perspectives thereby becoming more effective in discharging their roles and responsibilities.
3. NEED
The team Capacity Development is understood as the development of peoples, organizations and societies‟ capability to manage resources effectively and efficiently in order to realize their own goals on a sustainable basis. In this context, four dimensions have to be distinguished:
The development of the human resource or personnel development.
The strengthening of the effectiveness and efficiency of organization or organizational development.
The strengthening of cooperation between organizations and network development.
The promotion of institutional frameworks for development.
The implementation of new projects under the umbrella of common guidelines is
reported to be in the initial stage under preparatory phase. The establishment of
desired institutional setup at all levels, required level of awareness for ensuring
effectiveness of all institutional and community participation is, therefore,
necessitated for conclusive participation by all.This also necessitates a
comprehensive package to provide appropriate knowledge for speedy
implementation of the projects in the state particularly in the districts.
99
4. RATIONALE
Para 81 of common guidelines for watershed development lays special emphasis on the following key elements of Capacity building strategy.
Dedicated & decentralized institutional support & delivery mechanism Annual Action Plan for Capacity Building Pool of resource persons Well prepared training modules and reading materials Mechanism for effective monitoring and follow-up.
Keeping in firsthand experience of the state in launching projects under IWMP and current state of planning and implementation under preparatory phase the action plan is primarily prepared to build the capacity of different principal stakeholders of the project to speed up further implementation and also lay a strong foundation for subsequent phases.
5. OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the current action plan for ongoing project are outlined as under.
- Create common understanding on different features and provisions of common guidelines as well as instructions and directions issued from time to time by Central and State Governmental agencies.
- Develop proper conceptual understanding about integrated participatory watershed management including other issues such as equity, environmental and social sustainability among all implementing agencies at project and village levels, PRIs and local communities (KNOWLEDGE).
- Build necessary and required skills and managerial competence of all stakeholders about planning, implementation and management of various project activities using participatory approach (SKILLS).
- Help institutional growth of watershed committees at GP level. - Strengthening community participation, ensuring positive involvement of
communities and improvement of socio economic conditions in watershed areas (ATTITUDES).
6. TRAINING METHODS
A group of selected Watershed Development Team members would be trained on various methods to ensure that they are able to conduct the proposed interventions effectively with the help of some of the following methods.
Interactive Learning Experience Sharing Experimental Learning Presentation of case studies Classroom deliberations Group [structured] exercises and discussions
100
7. TOOLS
Projectors Flip Charts Electronic films Print Material Other IEC material
8. TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The tools and methods for training need assessment are given in table
Table6.1: Methods and Tools implied in Training Needs Assessment (TNA)
Methods Tools Target Category Purpose
Review of
project
documents
- All stakeholders‟
categories and the
institutions they belong
to.
To develop an understanding
of the project, determining
scope of work and
strategizing the TNA
exercise
Informal
Individual
Interview
Interview
Questionnaire
Senior officers and
professionals, Nodal
Officers, NGO staff
categories
Defining tasks, assessing
existing against desired
performance level, identifying
training needs
Focus Group
Discussion
(FGD)
FGD Checklist Officials of SLNA, DRDA/
ZP cell, PIAs & WDTs.
Defining tasks, assessing
group capacities and generic
training needs
Community le
vel Interaction
Meetings
FGD Checklist Representatives from
village User Groups,
SHGs, WCs, GPs,
Community etc
Defining/validating specific
roles/tasks of GPs at village
level, gauzing existing
skills/capacities, determining
generic training needs
TNA
Workshop /
Interaction
session
Job, Task and
Gap Analysis
Technical Officers of
SLNA , PIA, WCDC,
WDT including DRDA
Details job, task and gaps
analysis of Technical Officers
9 EXPECTED OUTCOME OF CAPACITY BUILDING
All principal stakeholders would be covered under proposed training interventions.
The knowledge level of different stakeholders on various provisions of Common Guidelines will increase to a significant level.
The skill level of the principal stakeholders will be improved in managing watershed projects in consonance with the provisions of common guidelines and state government instructions.
The programmes will help in ensuring that all stakeholders/agencies/institutions work with positive attitudes in order to utilize the benefit of the projects in fulfilling the objectives set forth.
101
Programmes will create a sense of responsible partnership amongst various stakeholders.
The programmes will also help in further identifying areas for future interventions.
Improved participation of different stakeholders leading to speedy implementation of watershed development work phase.
Experiences would help in consolidating other gaps for better planning and management of Capacity Building and Training interventions under new projects in future.
It is a process to strengthen the abilities of the people, organizations, and systems; to make effective and efficient use of resources; to achieve set goals on sustainable basis. Watershed development requires an effective strategy to focus on CB of all stakeholders at National, State, District and Project level. The CB strategy of IWMPs defines that programs and services be operationalized in decentralized manner in partnership with public and private institutions for delivery of quality services. The CB need of different levels is different and a need based strategic planning is required for output oriented CD. Quite often CB is considered synonymous with trainings blended with tourism and fails to make positive changes. Provision of laptops, GPs, latest topo-sheets, and survey instruments are part of capacity building in the system for faster communication and time saving. Development of skills as per interest and aptitude of workers is part of CB. Continuous exposure of professionals and managers to latest developments and flow of information is necessary for any vibrant organization.
10 PROVISION OF FUNDS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING
As per DLR guidelines, 4.5% of the total funds are earmarked for capacity building of various
stakeholders as per detail given below:
Table 6.2: Provision of funds for capacity building
Sr. No.
Installment Share of funds at different level
SLNA WCDC PIA Total
I 20% 0.18 0.45 2.07 2.7
II (a) 25% 0.045 0.1125 0.5175 0.675
(b) 25% 0.045 0.1125 0.5175 0.675
III 30% 0 0.135 0.315 0.45
Total 0.27 0.81 3.42 4.50
10.1 Institutes Identified at the National Level for Capacity Building
National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD)
National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)
Central Aid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI)
Central Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute (CSWCRTI) and its Research Centres.
Central Research Institute for Dry Land Agriculture (CRIDA)
Each state is expected to develop the training modules for each category of stakeholder.
The capacity building action plan needs to be submitted to the DOLR in the prescribed format for sanction and release of funds.
Savings from the share of allocation of different agencies is to be allocated to the share of PIA.
Rosters are maintained for monitoring of CB action plans.
DOLR GOI, has circulated the tentative list of topics to be covered in training modules for five category of stakeholders.
The Punjab state SLNA has approved the following institutes/organizations for capacity
building of PIA, WDT, WC, UGs and SHGs.
a) State Institute of Rural Development SAS Nagar, Nabha and Batala.
b) Regional Research Station Balowal Saunkhari (Balachaur)
c) KVK Patiala.
d) PAMATI (Punjab Agriculture Management & Extension Training Institute, PAU).
e) Soil & Water Conservation Training Institute, SAS Nagar.
103
10.4 Indicative Training Modules:
The training modules for different categories of shakeholder are suggested by the
DOLR and these are fairly comprehensive and need based. The outlines are reproduced for
the benefit of the PIA.
10.4.1 Courses for State Level Nodal Agency:
New paradigms in watershed management: an over view
New common guidelines on participatory watershed management.
Planning and development of watershed projects: Theory and practice.
Bench marking, monitoring and evaluation.
Livelihood analysis and planning.
Equity and gender planning.
Convergence related issues and concerns.
Biophysical, Social and institutional issues / aspects of watershed management
Multi-community, multi-enterprise farming systems for enhanced profitability and livelihoods.
Field visits to nearby watershed projects and interaction with farmers and PIA.
10.4.2 Courses for Watershed Cell-cum-Data Centre (For PIA.WDT, Accountants)
Emerging paradigms of Integrated Watershed Management-an overview
Key features, processes and Mechanisms of the new common guidelines for WM projects.
Major components of DPR including selection of works, sites and beneficiaries, design and costing of works and resource use agreements.
Delineation, prioritization and mapping of watershed.
Basic resource survey and benchmarking for DPR, monitoring and evaluation including application of RS, GPS and GIS in watershed planning.
Community organization, social mobilization, institutional development, and EPA.
Designing capacity building for watershed community and CBOs.
Livelihood analysis and planning of options based on production systems, livestock and fisheries, non-timber products, non-land based and others.
Micro-credit, micro-financing, and micro-enterprises for livelihood improvement.
Planning for water harvesting and ground water recharge.
Alternate land use systems and agro forestry systems for higher production and conservation
Organic and precision farming approaches for sustainable production
Rain-fed farming systems / modules for small and marginal farmers
Management of common property resources
104
Livestock as an integral component of WSM and coping mechanism
Feed and fodder management for optimal livestock production
Development of fisheries in ponds, tanks, and water harvesting structures.
Concept and components of forest management in fringe forest areas for livelihood.
Water management techniques to improve water use efficiency and productivity.
Agro-processing, value addition, off-farm micro-enterprises and marketing
Tools and techniques in project management.
Equity and gender analysis for micro-level planning.
Concept and components of multi-tier ridge to valley approaches for treatment planning.
Planning and design of catchments area treatment.
Drainage line treatment with combination of vegetative and mechanical measures.
Application of computer based MIS for watershed projects.
Convergence of resources and activities from different programs/schemes.
Funding components and management.
Accounting procedure, book keeping, maintenance of records Auditing.
Office management.
Field visit to nearby watershed management projects.
10.4.3 Training modules for Project Implementing Agency (WC, SHG, UGs):
Community Organization.
Fund Management.
CPR Management.
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E).
Post Project Management.
Benefit Sharing.
Coordination and Convergence.
Recording proceedings of the meetings in registers and stanard practices.
Accounting procedure and book keeping.
Specialized trainings to SHGs as per activities selected.
The capacity building measures including workshops, trainings, skill enhancement trainings, meetings, study tours, and exposure visits. The duration of the courses may vary from one to seven days. The trainings shall normally be held near the district / watershed areas.
105
10.5 Institutional Arrangements under IWMP
Institutions play a major role in managing the projects. Realizing the importance of
Community Participation, Decentralized Participatory Approach has been adopted for
Watershed Management. Following decentralization and to achieve the objectives, there
needs to be an Institutional Set Up not only at National and State Level but also at Village
Level (Micro Watershed Level), Cluster Level (Sub Watershed level), and District Level.
These institutions need to be oriented from time to time and empowered so that they take up
the assigned tasks and realize their responsibilities right from the beginning – from planning
stage to effective management of Projects. Considering the prevalent circumstances, these
Institutions should take decisions at their respective level. The involvement and participation
of beneficiaries and other stakeholders desire to be encouraged right from the planning
stage.The institutional set up is given below.
10.6 Institutional Set-Up
It has effects on the level of people‟s participation in Watershed Management. Institutions at
the above levels would help in building relations between Project Implementing Agency and
the village community as well at Sub Watershed level. Ultimately this would result into the
successful implementation and will have direct positive impacts on the outcome of the
Projects. As per Common Guidelines, Institutional arrangements have been made at
appropriate level as detailed below for successful implementation and effective management
of IWMP in the Project Area. Under the Projects, the following institutions have been set up:
A. State Level Nodal Agency:
State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) headed by Joint Development Commissioner and
supported by Technical Experts is fully functional and they are regularly holding their
meetings with PIA and other stakeholders and providing necessary guidance to them
as per Common Guidelines 2008.
DOLR, Ministry of Rural Development
State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA)
Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC)
0 Project Implementing Agency (PIA)
Watershed Development Team
WC SHG/UG Gram Sabha
106
B. Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC)
WCDC is functional. WCDC is headed by Technical expert and supported by Accounts
officer and Data Entry Operator. WCDC will function in close coordination with PIA
AND SLNA.
C. Project Implementing Agency (PIA)
Department of Soil & Water Conservation is PIA for the projects. PIA has dedicated
and well experienced staff led by Sub Divisional Soil Conservation Officer having
adequate knowledge of Watershed Activities. Office of Chief Conservator of Soils,
Punjab and respective Divisional Heads are closely monitoring the project and
providing necessary guidance for successful implementation of the projects. The
Project Implementing Agency (PIA) is providing necessary technical guidance to the
Gram Panchayats through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) for development of
assets created during the project, post-project operation and maintenance of the
assets created under the Projects.
D. Watershed Development Team
The process of constitution of WDT has recently been constituted by PIA. Each WDT
should have at least three to four members, broadly with knowledge and experience in
agriculture, soil science, water management, social mobilization and institutional
building. At least one of the WDT members would be a woman, especially for social
mobilization. Sub Divisional Soil Conservation Officer/Soil Conservation Officer would
be team leader of Watershed Development Team. The members of WDT would
perform their duties as per Common Guidelines for Watershed Management 2008.
10.7 Institutional Setup at Watershed Level
I. Self Help Groups: In each Village, Self Help Groups consisting of 10 to 15 members
having common goal are being formed. The members of SHGs would be drawn from
very poor families, BPL families, SC families, land less families, small and marginal
farmers. SHG would be homogeneous in nature and would work together for their
socio-economic up-liftment. SHGs need to be imparted Basic Orientation and
Trainings for their skill up-gradation. It is responsibility of Watershed Committee to
form SHGs in their respective villages under the guidance of Watershed
Development Team and Project Implementing Agency.
II. User Groups: In each Watershed village, user groups are also being formed.
Members of these groups would be those persons who are going to get direct
benefits from Watershed Activities. These groups would be constituted by
Watershed Committees. These groups would also be homogeneous in nature. The
members of the groups are responsible for maintaining the assets created under the
Project. User Groups will evolve their rules regarding use of resources. They will be
provided technical support by Watershed Committee and Watershed Development
Team.
III. Watershed Committees: In all Villages, Watershed Committees have been formed
to implement the Watershed project with the technical support of the WDT. The
representatives of WCs are from SHGs, User Groups, SC, women and land less
people. Gram Sabha has elected office bearers of WC. Bank account is being
opened by WC. The funds received under the project would be utilized for
107
Watershed Activities. Officer bearers have defined roles and they will be provided
guidance by PIA and WDT.
IV. Gram Sabha: Gram Sabha is also being sensitized on their roles and
responsibilities under the Project. Plan is being chalked out for regular meetings with
them. This would further enlighten them on the subject.
10.8 Plans for Imparting Training to Institutions
PIA has since commenced imparting training to above institutions on their roles and
responsibilities as per Common Guidelines 2008. Special focus is also being paid to
sensitize village community for decision making process. For this purpose, Awareness
Generation camps have been conducted in the identified villages and in near future one
more round of camps are being organized in the identified villages so as to make people
aware of the long and term short benefits, their roles and responsibilities etc.
The number of changes has been made in the guidelines from time and time and finally
DoLR guidelines for 2011 has supplemented the common guidelines of 2008 and these
forms the basis for all watersheds. The emphasis is on holistic development of rural
economy by offering them package. Keeping in view the past experience, focus is given on
participatory planning and capacity building of all stakeholders‟ right from the beginning i.e
from planning stage to implementation and managing the assets created under the project
during project period. It has been felt that Institutional Arrangements need to be made so
as to monitor the project and manage the same effectively. It has further been felt that with
community participation, the desired results could be achieved in time frame.
10.9 Allocation of Funds for Capacity Building:
As per provision of DLR guidelines, 4.5% of total funds are allocated for capacity
building of various stakeholders of the IWMP project. The 4.5% of 603 lacs works out to be
Rs.27.13. The allocation of Rs. 27.13lacs for various types of trainings is given in table 6.3.
10.10 Capacity Building Plan for IWMP - V District Jalandhar 10.10.1 Capacity Building Plan of SLNA As per the provisions, the funds to the tune of Rs.1.63lacs has been provided for Capacity Building to the SLNA @Rs.1.09, 0.27 and 0.27 for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of the project respectively. These funds shall go to the pool of funds generated at the SLNA headquarter. These funds would be used by the SLNA for different Capacity Building Programs as per the identified needs rising during implementation of the program which would be applicable for all the projects under the SLNA. Some of the suggested training modules of common interest are as under:
Orientation training program on concept and design of IWMP for new WDT staff recruited in various districts.
Application of GIS in planning watershed programs.
Preparation of success stories, films, documentaries for the successful project interventions for knowledge/experience sharing.
Formation of clusters and federations of SHGs and institutional linkages.
Preparation of Capacity Building plans for different categories of staff.
Scope of convergence with MNREGA, its procedure and linkages at the grass root level.
Efficient use of irrigation water for reducing ground water extraction.
108
10.10.2 Capacity Building Plan for WCDC The proposed Capacity Building plan for WCDC under IWMP – V Distt Jalandhar is given as under:
Table 6.3: Capacity Building Pland for WCDC, IWMP Jalandhar - V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S. No.
Name of the
training institute
Full Address with contact no. website & e-mail
Name & Designation of
the Head of Institute
Type of Institute *
Area(s) of specialization $ No. of trainings assigned
No. of persons
to be trained
Allocation made to the
institute
1 Manage Hyderabad
Director General, National Institute of Agriculture Extension Management, Rajindra Nagar, Hyderabad, Dr.B. Renuka Rani, 040-24016702-09, ext. 261, 09848306593, [email protected] www.manage.gov.in
Director General Manage
Central Govt. Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Water Conservation & Livelihood (Training to all the heads of the line department)
2 9 2.71
2 PAMETI, P.A.U., Ludhiana
Director Extension, P.A.U. Ludhiana, Dr.Jasbir Singh, 94632-48898
Director Extension, P.A.U. Ludhiana
State Govt. 1. Livestock as an Integral Component of Watershed Management & Coping Mechanism. 2.Feed and fodder management for optimal live stock production(WDT)
2 6 0.68
3 Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute, Dehradun
Director, Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, Uttranchal, 0135-2754213
Director, Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute
Central Govt. Application of computer based MIS for the project, Accounting Procedure, maintenance of record &exposure visit in the field.(Office Accountant, Draftsman & Computer Operator)
10.10.3 Capacity Building Pland for PIA The salient features of the capacity building plan are presented below. Table6.5: Availability of funds as per guidelines in Capacity Building Sub-Head Rs. 20.62Lacs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S. No.
Name of the training institute
Full Address with contact no. website & e-mail
Name & Designation of
the Head of Institute
Type of Institute
*
Area(s) of specialization $ No. of trainings assigned
No. of persons
to be trained
Allocation made to the
institute
1 Manage Hyderabad Director General, National Institute of Agriculture Extension Management, Rajindra Nagar, Hyderabad, Dr.B. Renuka Rani, 040-24016702-09, ext. 261, 09848306593, [email protected] www.manage.gov.in
Director General Manage
Central Govt.
Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Water Conservation & Livelihood (Training to all the heads of the line department)
2 6 1.00
2 PAMETI, P.A.U., Ludhiana
Director Extension, P.A.U. Ludhiana, Dr.Jasbir Singh, 94632-48898
Director Extension, P.A.U. Ludhiana
State Govt.
1.Livestock as an Integral Component of Watershed Management & Coping Mechanism. 2.Feed and fodder management for optimal live stock production(WDT)
3 x 30 90 1.44
3 Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute, Dehradun
Director, Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, Uttranchal, 0135-2754213
Director, Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute
Central Govt.
Application of computer based MIS for the project, Accounting Procedure, maintanence of record &exposure visit in the field.(Office Accountant, Draftsman & Computer Operator)
3 6 0.90
4 PAMETI, P.A.U., Ludhiana
Director Extension, P.A.U. Ludhiana, Dr.Jasbir Singh, 94632-48898
Director Extension, P.A.U. Ludhiana
State Govt.
1. Organic and Precision Farming Approaches for sustainable Production. 2. Change of traditional cropping pattern by sowing crops requiring less irrigatiton e.g.sowing of turmeric, floriculture, vegetables & crops having medicinal value & their
4 x 50 200 3.70
111
marketing (UG)
5 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalandhar -PAU
Director, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalandhar
Director, Krishi Vigyan Kendra
State Govt.
Community Organization, Benefit Sharing & training regarding Choosen Activity by the Self Help Groups
10 x 45 450 2.80
6 Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute, Dehradun
Director, Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, Uttranchal, 0135-2754213
Director, Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute
Central Govt.
Benefit Sharing of Matured 8 groups out of 35 & exposure visit in the field to meet the groups already running (SHG)
3 x 5 15 2.12
7 Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Jalandhar (PAU )
Director, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalandhar
Director, Krishi Vigyan Kendra
State Govt.
Training to watershed committee members DESIGNATED for accounting procedure & book keeping for receipt of funds & expenditure on different items and maintenance of record at tehsil Head quarter(WC)
5 x 40 200 1.00
8 Tehsil Head Quarter DSCO Jalandhar DSCO & Resource persons
State Govt.
For general members of watershed committee regarding co-ordination participatory approach as per need of the hour(WC)
2 x 125 250 1.00
9 Tehsil Head Quarter DSCO Jalandhar DSCO & Resource persons
State Govt.
For gram panchayat members of 35 villages egarding co-ordination participatory approach as per need of the hour(GP's)
3 x 100 300 1.34
10 Village Level DSCO Jalandhar DSCO & Resource persons
State Govt.
Awareness camps at vill. level by the resource persons regarding basics of IWMP & their implementation in the watershed area (Community)
30 x 60 1800 4.20
11 Village Level DSCO Jalandhar DSCO Jalandhar State Govt.
Exposure visits, awareness generation through distribution of pamphelets, wall paintings & news papers (Others)
Farmers preferred the construction of lined open channels of canal common courses in view of heavy cost of maintenance of kacha courses and seepage losses of precious canal water. Both the options are given. The length of open channel which can be constructed with the available funds under PS is given in last coloum.
148
CHAPTER –IX
LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT SYSTEM
It is now well recognized that more attention must be paid to the various factors and
processes which either constrain or enhance poor people‟s ability to make a living in
an economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable manner. The SL concept
offers a more coherent and integrated approach to poverty. A livelihood comprises
the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities
required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and
recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets,
while not undermining the natural resource base.
There are three insights into poverty which
underpin this new approach. The first is the
realization that while economic growth may
be essential for poverty reduction, there is not
an automatic relationship between the two
since it all depends on the capabilities of the
poor to take advantage of expanding
economic opportunities. Secondly, there is
the realization that poverty as conceived by
the poor themselves is not just a question of
low income, but also includes other dimensions such as bad health, illiteracy, lack of
social services, etc., as well as a state of vulnerability and feelings of powerlessness
in general. Finally, it is now recognized that the poor themselves often know their
situation and needs best and must therefore be involved in the design of policies and
project intended to better their lot.
An awareness drive was undertaken at Gram Panchayat level for communication &
sensitization of the beneficiaries.
The livelihood action plan was prepared
during the DPR preparation in consultation
with WDT, WC and the members of SHGs,
SC/ ST, women, landless/ assetless
households. This plan formed an integral part
of DPR. The Team analyzed socio-economic
conditions and existing livelihoods of the
villagers by means of PRA and focus group
discussions. Livelihood action plan contain
schedule of activities, interventions, no. of
SHGs to be assisted and expected outcome. To promote convergence, the PIA
should work in close association with other employment generating programmes
149
such as MGNREGS, NRLM, etc. The plan may be reviewed by the PIA, if need be,
and revised in consultation with the stakeholders.
As per provision of 8.1% of funds for LSS, a sum of Rs.48.99lakh has been provided
under this component out of which 34.31lakh covers the revolving fund assistance
(@70% of LSS funds) to 57 SHGs and support to 46 enterprising individuals. 57 nos.
of courses of cutting and tailoring shall be organized and 5 computer centres shall be
opened in villages having larger share of funds (Table 9.2).
As per provision of 30% of funds for grant in aid in this component a provision of
Rs.14.70lakh has been made in which 57 SHGs shall be provided assistance on an
average each group would be able to avail roughly Rs.0.25lakh (Table 9.1).
The mode of operation of livelihood activities as per DOLR guidelines would be as under.
i. The livelihood activities will be implemented through Self Help Groups.
However financial support to enterprising individuals could also be considered
subject to a maximum of 10% of the funds under the livelihood component.
ii. Livelihood activities can be carried out either through the existing SHGs having
good performance or new SHGs formed with a group of 5-20 persons.
iii. SHGs selected for implementing livelihood activities should be homogeneous
in-terms of their existing livelihood, common interest and need.
iv. SHGs can undertake any permissible activity jointly as a group or the group
may decide to support individual(s) for the activities under the umbrella of the
main SHG. In case of individual support under the SHGs, the individuals will be
accountable to the main SHG for finances and performance.
v. The financial support to enterprising individuals who prepare and submit a
viable livelihood proposal, may be considered by Watershed Cell cum Data
Centre (WCDC) on the recommendation of the Watershed Committee (WC).
The plan has to be approved by the WCDC before extending financial support.
However, support to individuals should not exceed a maximum of 10 % of funds
under the livelihood component.
Eligibility for availing the funds under the Livelihood Component
i. The beneficiaries should belong to
marginalized communities, including
SC/ST, landless/assetless people,
women, etc., among which preference
will be given to women, especially
female headed households, ST & SCs.
ii. It may be ensured that the selected
SHG does not have more than one
member from a household.
150
iii. Priority may be given to women SHGs.
Budget, procedure of release and administration:
i. 8.1% of the total project fund is earmarked as the livelihood component for the
benefit of marginalized communities, including SC/ST, landless/assetless
people, women, etc.
ii. This earmarked amount shall be taken out of the total project fund as a grant to
WC in its bank account, which in turn will be used to provide financial
assistance, (seed money for revolving fund to SHGs and a grant -in -aid for
enterprising SHGs/ SHG federations to undertake major livelihood activities).
iii. At least 70% of this livelihood fund will be used to support revolving fund for
SHGs, including support to enterprising individuals, and a maximum of 30% for
supporting grant–in–aid to enterprising SHGs/ SHG federations.
Seed Money for Revolving Fund:
Seed money for SHGs
i. Each SHG shall make an application for financial assistance to the WC. WC in
its regular meeting, will consider these applications and pass resolution
regarding its approval of financial assistance to SHGs based on merit of the
case. The representatives of applicant SHGs may also be present in such
meetings of the WC. The resolution will clearly rank the approved cases, based
on the priorities and preferences, so that the support may be extended to all the
eligible SHGs in order of ranking.
ii. The initial amount up to Rs. 25,000 may be given as seed money to a SHG as
the revolving fund after their proposed activity(s) has been approved by the WC
in its meeting and included in the resolution.
iii. The SHGs will return the seed money on monthly basis and that could be
reinvested in the same or other SHGs as per the resolution passed in meeting
of WC. The amount and number of monthly instalments may be decided by WC
based on the type of activity, capacity of the group and their savings. The
amount may be returned in a maximum of 18 months.
iv. The payment will be made by cheque after the respective SHG has opened a
joint bank account with two signatories from the SHG members.
v. The SHGs may use the amount for a combined activity and/ or shall provide the
above amount to the concerned members as individual loan against a specific
activity for improving income. In case of individual support under the SHGs, the
individual will be accountable to the main SHGs for finances and performance.
Seed money for Enterprising Individuals
i. The enterprising individual shall apply for financial assistance to the WC, along
with a viable livelihood proposal. WC in its regular meeting will consider such
applications and recommend to WCDC, through PIA, the amount to be
151
provided as seed money to such individual(s) as the revolving fund after their
proposed activity(s) has been approved by the WC in its meeting and included
in the resolution based on the merits of the case.
ii. The applicants may also be present in such meetings of the WC. The resolution
will clearly rank the approved cases, based on the priorities and preferences,
so that the support may be extended to all the eligible enterprising individuals in
order of ranking.
iii. The WC may release financial assistance to these enterprising individuals after
approval by WCDC. Such individuals will return the seed money on monthly
basis and that could be reinvested further as per the resolution passed in
meeting of WC. The amount and number of monthly instalments may be
decided by WC based on the type of activity and capacity of the individual. The
amount may be returned in a maximum of 18 months.
iv. The payment will be made by account payee cheque in such individual cases.
Funding for Major Livelihood activities:
i. The funding for major livelihood activities will enable the enterprising SHGs/
SHG federations (with atleast 5 enterprising SHGs) to avail a composite loan
for undertaking major livelihood activities or to expand/upscale activities as
recommended by the WC and approved by WCDC in consultation with line
departments and bank.
ii. For such activities, a composite loan (grant in aid and bank loan) can be
availed depending upon the type of activity. The grant -in-aid will be 50 % of
the cost of the activity or Rs. 2.00 lakh whichever is less. However, grant in
aid shall not exceed 30 % of the livelihood component (i.e. 8.1% of the total
project cost) of the project.
iii. SLNA may issue detailed modalities for payment of grant-in-aid for funding
major livelihood activities.
Capacity Building for Beneficiaries
i. The capacity building needs of the
marginalized communities, including
SC/ST, landless/assetless people,
women, etc should be included in the
livelihood action plan prepared after the
livelihood analysis. The capacity
building should aim at skill
enhancement and not just knowledge
and information. The capacity building
component should be planned by the
livelihood expert of WDT/Livelihood agency in consultation with WC for making
necessary budgetary provision on annual basis.
152
ii. The expenditure for the training for livelihood component may be met from 5%
of the budget component of the project cost earmarked for institution and
capacity building.
iii. It shall be mandatory to provide skill based training on the following
components apart from the other training needs expressed by SHGs:
a. Book Keeping (cash book and ledger registers, preparing budget, maintenance
of accounts etc).
b. Minutes of meeting (proceedings) and follow up.
c. Exposure visits and discussions in the specialized areas of livestock,
agriculture/horticulture, agro-forestry, fisheries and other watershed related
income generating activities, micro-enterprises, micro-credit, etc.
d. Knowledge of market and pricing, value addition, alternate institutions including
Farmers Production Companies etc.
e. Other related aspects.
Once the identification process of Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is
completed, the beneficiaries should be identified uniquely through Aadhaar to
improve efficiency and transparency in service delivery as well as to ensure the
benefits flow to the needy and to avoid duplicity of identity.
The interaction with unemployed youth revealed that they were mainly interested in
the opening of a computer centre in their villages and also wanted crash courses as
electrician, diesel mechanic, welder, mobile rapair, mason work, plumber, carpenter,
milk vendor, scooter/motorcycle repair as these jobs are in demand in these rural
areas. The PIA may contact the department of industrial training at Jalandhar for
organizing short courses in the above said disciplines.
The women members of the community were very much interested in the sewing
and tailoring centres which may be established in the village itself. The gram
panchayats agreed to provide suitable space for such computer and tailoring centre.
Depending upon the total population and the population of SC/ST/BPL/Landless
families the number of computer and sewing and tailoring centres have been
proposed in the report. In the subsidiary occupations backyard poultry, bee-keeping,
mushroom cultivation, dairy farming, piggery and goatary, fishery were some of the
preferred options. The women members were also interested to get training in
candle making, sweet box making, surf/phenyl/soap making, pickles and squashes
etc.
Formation of SHGs
In case of IWMP Jalandhar V technical and social has been appointed and they have
started the work of formation of SHGs. The PIA was requested to expedite the work
of formation of SHGs.
153
Table9.1: Seed money to support revolving fund for SHGs including support to enterprising individuals
Name of Block
S.No Name of Village Total
Geographical Area
Treatable Area
Total Fund
8.1% LSS
R.F.I to SHG
@70% of LSS fund
Revolving fund assistance to SHGs
Support to enterprising individuals @10% of total RFI
Plans for monitoring & Evaluation Web based GIS system is underway for Monitoring and Evaluation at various stages. All the details relating to Watershed Activities would be available on website. This system is very useful to know the progress of the project at the click of the button. The higher officials would be able to monitor the progress and could generate the desired reports. This system would also help stakeholders to know the area of importance, already treated area/area to be treated. The system would serve an aiding tool to the planners and evaluators for judging the efficacy of the project.
Monitoring
Regular monitoring of the project will have to be carried out at each stage to monitor the progress of the Project. As per Common Guidelines, different streams of monitoring are proposed as under:
1. Internal monitoring by PIA 2. Progress monitoring 3. On line monitoring 4. Self monitoring by Community/Social Audit 5. Sustainability monitoring 6. Independent and external monitoring
Monitoring of watershed related activities will be carried out after completion of each phase. 0.9% amount of the project is earmarked under this component. Sub Watershed wise details are given below:
Project Sub-watershed Treatable area ha
Project cost (Lakh Rs.)
Monitoring 0.9% of cost (Lakh Rs.)
IWMP Jalandhar – V 5024 603 5.43
Evaluation: Each evaluation will include physical, financial and social audit of all works done. The objective of evaluation of the project is to assess the status of watershed related interventions in the project. The evaluation will be taken up after completion of each phase of the project. The Evaluation will be done by agencies empanelled on SLNA. 0.9% amount of the project is earmarked under this component. Sub Watershed wise details are given below:
Project Sub-watershed Treatable area
ha Project cost (Lakh Rs.)
Evaluation 0.9% (Lakh Rs.)
IWMP Jalandhar – V 5024 603 5.43
156
CONSOLIDATION PHASE – 2.7%
This is another important activity under the project. In this phase, the resources
augmented and economic plans developed in Phase II are made the foundation to
create new nature based, sustainable livelihoods and raise productivity levels. There
needs to be some mechanism at Watershed Level for the following crucial Activities as
detailed below:
1. Managing/upgrading of all activities taken up under the Project.
2. Preparation of Project completion report and
3. Documentation of success stories
4. Management of proper utilization of WDF
5. Mechanism for Quality and sustainability issues under the Project.
6. Mechanism for fixation and collection of User Charges.
7. Consolidation of works
8. Building the capacity of community based organizations to carry out the new
agenda post project period.
9. Project Management related aspects
To take up these activities, it is proposed in the DPR as under:
Consolidation Phase
Detail of Consolidation funds under various components in IWMP – V District
Jalandhar (Provision 16.28Lakh)
Sr. No. Type of Activity %share Amount
earmarked
1. Managing/upgrading of all activities taken up under
the project
20 3.26
2. Preparation of Project completion report 5 0.81
3. Documentation of success stories 5 0.81
4. Management and proper utilization of WDF 15 2.44
5. Mechanism for quality and sustainability issues 5 0.81
6. Watershed activities less fund 50 8.14
Total 100 16.28
157
CHAPTER XI
FLEXI-FUNDS MANAGEMENT
The Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Land
Resources recently introduced Flexi-Funds component within Centrally Sponsored
Schemes (CSS) which shall be applicable from the financial year 2014-15. The main
objectives of this fund are:
i) To provide flexibility to States to meet local needs and requirements within
the overall objective of each programme or sheme;
ii) To pilor innovations and improved efficiency within the overall objective of the
sheme in its expected outcomes;
iii) To undertake mitigation/restoration activities in case of natural calamities in
the sector covered by the CSS.
It was decided by the Department of Land Resources to introduce Flexi-Fund
component under IWMP for which 10% of the total budget of IWMP shall be utilized as
per the above guidelines. The share of components has been reduced by 10% under all
components of IWMP (See Chapter – XII).
The allocation to the States shall be based on transparent and equitable criteria. There
will be no separate budget or account head for this purpose. The state share as
applicable in case of IWMP shall also be applicable under flexi-funds. The States may
use the flexi-funds under the broad objectives of the IWMP and may also include
mitigation/restoration activities in the event of Natural Calamities. The purpose of
providing flexi-funds is to enable States to undertake new innovative schemes in the
project area. It shall not be used for construction/repair of Government
offices/residences or purchase of vehicles/furniture etc.
The release of flexi-funds shall be made on a prorate basis along with normal releases
of Centrally Sponsored Schemes. The funds will be subject to seep audit requirements.
A web based requirements for reporting the use of flexi-funds shall be designed by the
SLNA by adding modules to the existing MIS. The evaluation of flexi-funds may be done
through the existing evaluation processes.
As per the above guidelines, the share of all the components have been reduced by
10% and an amount of Rs.60.29lakh has been provided under the component of flexi-
funds. The utilization of this budget shall depend upon the further guidelines and
procedures to be outlined by the SLNA Punjab. It is a new component and detailed
policy guidelines shall have to be issued for the utilization of funds under this head.
158
CHAPTER XII
BUDGETING AND PHASING
12.1 PROVISION OF FUNDS FOR THE PROJECT
As per norms fixed by the DOLR, the funds are provided @ Rs. 12000/ha of treatable
area. These funds are then segregated into different heads of appropriation. The funds
are released in installments against the provisions. In the present case, against the
treatable area of 5024ha, a total provision of Rs.603.00Lakhs has been made as given
in table below.
Project Name Block Name Sub Watersheds Treatable
Area
Total
Cost
IWMP
Jalandhar V
Lohian &
Shahkot Jalandhar – V 5024 603.00
PROJECT BUDGET UNDER VARIOUS COMPONENTS (Phy in Ha Fin in Lacs)
Keeping in view the variable size of villages, funds have seen allocated according to the area requiring treatment. The Watershed wise and Village wise budget allocation under various components is as follows:
050
100150200250300350
PROJECT BUDGET UNDER VARIOUS COMPONENT
PROJECT BUDGET UNDER VARIOUS COMPONENT
159
Table 12.1: Detail of installments and percent allocation to stakeholders including flexi funds.
Install-ment Agency Admn. Monitoring Evaluation EPA I & CB DPR NRM LSS FPS CP Flexi Funds Total
12 – Unit cost model for Laser leveling (for 1acre)
S.No Particulars Qty. Rate Unit Amount
1 Total working hours of tractor for laser leveling 4hrs 500 /hr 2000
Therefore cost per ha = 2000 x 2.5 = 5000/ha
13 – Unit cost model for MS pipe line for irrigation (for crossing the Bein Nadi)
Particulars Amount (Rs.)
Cost of 2nos Houdis@10000/- = 20000
Cost of MS pipe 6” dia (25m/82ft @850/ = 69700
MS Socket 4nos @500/ = 2000
Labour Charges for tench excavation = 6000 And laying of MS pipe L.S
Total = 97700 say Rs.0.98lakh
MS Pipe 150mm
Agri. Fields D/S
U/S
1mx1m Houdi
1mx1m Houdi
U/G pipeline A
B C
D E
G.L
Nadi Bed
187
14 – Unit cost model for culvert
Details of culvert
S. No Particular No L (m) B (m) H (m) Content
1 Excavation of E/work in foundation abutment
2 6.50 2.30 0.75+2.25/2 52.32 Say 52.00
2 C.C. 1:6:12 in foundation 2 6.50 2.30 0.15 4.48
3 C.C. 1:3:6 1st step 2 6.50 2.00 0.30 7.80
2nd step 2 6.50 1.70 0.30 6.63
3rd step Part A 2 6.50 1.40+0.50/2 2.0 24.70
3rd step Part B 2 6.50 0.20 0.25 0.65
39.78
4 RCC slab 1:1.5:3 1 6.50 3.10 0.25 5.03
5 C.C. 1:2:4 Kerb 2 3.50 0.25 0.25 0.43
C.C 1:6:12 = 4.48
C.C 1:3:6 = 39.78
C.C 1:1.5:3 = 5.03
C.C 1:2:4 = 0.43
Total = 49.72 say 50.00
Technical Data
1. Clear Span = 2.50m
2. Road Width = 6.0m
3. Clear HT = 2.00m
4. Slab Thickness = 250mm
5. Bearing Length = 300mm
0.1
5
0.2
5
0.2
5
1.0
0
2.0
0
1.3
0
2.0
0
2.3
0
1.0
0
C.C. 1:3:6
0.50
RCC Kerb 1:2:4
1.7
0
2.0
0
2.3
0
1.0
0
RCC Deck Slab 1:1.5:3
Railin
g
2.5
0
10mm top long and transverse
bars 300mm C/C
16mm bottom long and
transverse bars 150mm C/C
25cm thick
C.C. 1:3:6
0.50
0.1
5 0.1
5
0.1
5
Railing vertical
50mm MS Pipe
3.5
0
Abutment Abutment
0.2
5
0.2
5
188
Abstract of cost
Sr. No.
Particulars Amount
1. Cost of material 77175.00
2. Labour charges 39188.00
3. Transportation charges local at site 13826.00
Total 130189.00
Expected escalation in rates during project period @ 10% 13019.00
Total 143208.00
Add 3% contingency 4296.00
G. Total 147504.00
Volume of structure = 20.38 cum
Rate per cum = 7238 Say Rs. 7250.00
Abstract of cost of material
Sr. No.
Name of item Qty Rate Unit Amount
1 Cement 98 bags 350.00 Bags 34300.00
2 Sand 9.50 cum 450.00 Cum 4275.00
3 Bajri stone aggreg. 19 cum 600.00 Cum 11400.00
4 Saria 400 kg 50.00 Kg 20000.00 including carriage
5 MS pipe 50 mm dia 12mt 250.00 M 3000.00 Do
6 MS pipe 25mm dia 24 m 175.00 M 4200.00 Do
Total 77175.00
Abstract of labour charges
Sr. No.
Name of item Ref of CSR
Qty Basic rate Prem %
Total rate
Amount
1. E/Work in excavation of foundation /trench
31 cum 146.54 80 263.77 8177.00
2 Plain concrete in
1:6:12 2.00
1:3:6 15.25
1:2:4 Total
0.42 ------- 17.67
363.23 70 617.49 10911.00
3. Mechanical mix for item no 17.67 2.71 ------- 20.38 cum
75.00+25.03 =100.03
18 118.04 2406.00
4 RCC deck slab in 1:1.5:3 10.15 2.71 cum 823.27 30 1070.25 2900.00
Centring and shuttering horizontal l
42sqm 219.23 35% 295.96 12430.0
CTD including bending, binding & playing in position hiring charges
18.17 4 qtl 394.05 50% 591.07 2364.00
Total 39188.00
189
Transportation charges
Sr. No.
Name of item Ref of CSR
Qty Total rate
Unit Amount
1 Transportation of sand & bajri from quarry lead 35 km
5.2 9.50 19.00 ------- 28.50
467.52 Cum 13324.00
2 Loading & unloading of sand & bajri 4.1 28.50 cum 17.60 Cum 502.00
Total 13826.00
Detail of Measurements for culvert over Bein in village Baghpur
Sr. No.
Name of item No L B D/H Contents
1. Earth work involved in excavation of foundation for abutment 1.50 + 0.65 = 2.15m
2 3.50 1.90 2.15 28.60
Excavation for bed of culvert 1 2.25 3.50 0.25 1.96
Total or say
30.56 31 cum
2. Plane CC in 1:6:12 in foundation abutment 2 3.50 1.90 0.15 1.99 or say 2cum
Plane conc in CC 1:3:6 in foundation 1st step 2 3.50 1.60 0.25 2.80 cum
2nd
step 2 3.50 1.30 0.25 2.27 cum
Above foundation abutments
Part (a) 2 3.50 1.00+0.50/2
1.50 7.87 cum
Part (b) 2 3.50 0.20 0.25 0.35 cum
Under bed of culvert 1 2.25 3.50 0.25 1.96 cum
Total 15.25 cum
3. RCC deck slab in 1:1.5:3 1 3.50 3.10 0.25 2.71 cum
4. CC kerb in 1:2:4 2 3.50 0.25 0.25 0.42 cum
5. 50 mm dia MS pipe for vertical rails 4x2 - - 1.50 12m
6. 25 mm dia MS Horizontal railing 2x3 - - 4.00 24m
7. Centring and shuttering
Horizontal 1 3.50 3.10 - 10.85 sm
Vertical abutment 2x2 3.50 - 2.00 28.00 sm
RCC kerb 2x2 3.50 - 0.25 3.50 sm
Total 42.35 sqm 42 sqm
Material statement
Sr. No.
Name of item Qty Cement Sand Bajri MS bar
kg.
1. Plane cement conc in 1:6:12 2.00 cum 4.60 1.00 2.00
2. Plane cement cnoc in 1:3:6 15.25 cum 68.62 7.16 14.32
3. Plane cement conc in 1:1.5:3 2.71 cum 22.35 1.16 2.32 400
4. Plane cement conc in 1:2:4 0.42 cum 2.73 0.19 0.38
Total 98.30 945 19.02
Or Say 98 9.50 19.00
MS pipe 50 mm dia = 12mt MS pipe 25mm = 24 mt Calculation for MS Bar for culvert
190
16mm dai long bottim bars, 90mm centre to centre.
Length
Total length in m
3500mm/90mm = 39 Nos. 3.80 148.20
16mm dia bottom transverse bars 15mm C/C
3100mm /150mm = 21 Nos. 3.40 71.40
Total 219.60
Say 220.0m
10mm dia top long bars 300mm C/C
3500/300 = 12 Nos. 10mmdia top transverse bars 300mm 3100%300=11No
3.80 3.4
45.60m 37.40
Total 83.00m
Wt of bar 16mm dia bar = 220x1.58 = 347.60 kg
Wt of bar 10mm dia = 83x0.62 = 51.46 kg
Total weght = 399.06 Kg
Say = 400 kg or 4qtl.
191
15 – Unit cost model for stone masonry tank for storage of water
Per cum = 4770/-
L = 20m, Top width = 0.50m, B.W. = 1.00m, Depth of foundation = 0.80m, Ht =
1.50m
Abstract of cost
Sr. No. Particulars Amount (Rs)
1. Cost of material 58,900.00
2. Labour charges 99469.00
3. Transportation charges local at site 26682.00
Sub total 185051.00
Expected escalation in rates during project period @10% 18505.00
Total 203556.00
Add 3% contingency unit 6107.00
Grand Total 209663.00
Total volume of R/Wall = 44 cum
Total length = 20 m
Unit rate per cum 209663/44 = 4765.00 or Say 4770/cum
Unit rate/ metre length 209663/20 = 10483.00 say 10500/m
Cost of material
Sr. No. Name of item Qty Rate Unit Amount
1. Cement 80 bags 350/- Bag 28000.00
2. Sand 14.00 cum 450.00 Cum 6300.00
3. Bajri stone aggregate
4.00 cum 600.00 Cum 2400.00
4. Boulder 37 cum 600.00 Cum 22200.00
Total 58900.00
Abstract of labour charges
Sr. No.
Name of Item Ref of CSR
Qty Basic Rate Prem.%
Total rate
Amount
1. E/work involved for excavation foundation/ trench
6.7 21.00 146.54 80 263.77 5539.00
2. Plane cement concrete in bed of foundation in 1:6:12
10.7 (6) 4 cum 363.23 70 617.49 2470.00
3. Square rubble masonry in 1:5 12.17 39 cum 1224.30 52 1860.93 72576.00
4. 5cm thick plane cement conc in 1:2:4
10.12 0.50 cum
363.23 70 617.49 309.00
5. Rough Hammer Dressing of Boulder 2 To 3 Face
12.37 37 cum 348.63 44 502.02 18575.00
Total 99469.00
192
Abstract: Transportation charges
Sr. No.
Name of item Qty Rate Prem Total rate
Unit Amount
I Carriage charges of sand, Bajri and Boulder = 14.00 + 4.00 + 37 cum = 55 Lead = 35 km first 5 km kacha river bed from Madhopur quarry to site
55 cum 347.50 25% 467.52 Cum 25714.00
II Loading and unloading of above material i.e. Sand bajri and boulder loading 15.22 unloading 4.90 total 20.12 Av. Rate 10.06
55cum 10.06 75% 17.60 Cum 968.00
Total 26682.00
Detail of measurements for stone masonry retaining wall
Sr. No. Name of item No. L B D/H Contents
1. Earth work in excavation of foundation 1 20 1.30 0.80 20.80 cum
Total 20.80 cum Say 21.00
2. Plane cement concrete with stone ballast in 1:6:12
1 20 1.30 0.15 3.90 cum
Total 3.90 cum Say 4.00 cum
3. Square rubble masonry in C/S 1:5 1st step under bed 2nd step above bed of foundation
1
1
20
20
1.30
0.50+1.00% 2 = 0.75
0.65
1.50
16.90
22.50
Total 39.40 cum Say 39.00
4 5 cm thick layer plane cement concrete in 1:2:4
1 20 0.50 0.05 0.50cum
Material statement
Sr. No. Name of item Qty Unit Cement
Bags Sand cum
Bajri cum
Boulder cum
RCC pipes Nos.
1. plain cement concrete 1:6:12 1:2:4
4.0
0.50
Cum Cum
9.40 3.25
1.98 0.23
3.96 0.45
2. Square rubble masonry in C/S 1:5
39
Cum
67.07
11.67
-
42.88
Total Say
79.72 80 bag
13.88 14.00
4.41 4.00
42.88 Less = 6.00
net 36.58 say 37 cum
193
CHAPTER – XIV
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
194
14.1 EXPECTED OUTCOMES With the several interventions under IWMP project such as Livelhood support. Farm Production System, various types of activities relating to soil conservation measures, protection to field by contructing the structure etc., it is expected that these Watershed villages will gain a lot. This intervention will have multiple benefits available to communities in terms of employment, check in migration, improvement in water table, more area under agriculture and horticulture, check in soil loss and decrease in flood and drought incidences, improvement in crop yield, milk yield, check in degration of land etc. The benefits thus accrued would be short term and long term. With the judicious use of funds available under IWMP and with convergence from MNREGA, this project Jalandhar-V will prove to be very beneficial in improving socio-economic status of people residing in Project villages. The adoption of soil and water conservation package would minimize run off and soil loss, reduce damage by flash floods, protect land and infrastructure from bank erosion. In addition, ground water recharge would augment capacity of water sources and also make several drainage lines perennial. The investments made in water resources development would ease shortage of water both for domestic use and livestock and also make available water for supplemental irrigation. The introduction of improved production technologies would stabilize crop production, save crops from adverse impacts of droughts and raise income level of farmers. The increased fodder availability and animal health care, the milk production would increase. There would be increased cash flows from subsidiary occupations. The increased awareness, operations through SHGs and easy availability of finance would make the communities more vibrant and enterprising.
Crop yields would increase by 25-30%
Livestock (buffalo) number will increase by 20%
Milk production will improve by 20%
Run off and soil loss will be reduced by almost 5%
Water table would rise by 1 to 2 metres
Landless would get 25-30% more wage employment in the village
Threat of floods and soil erosion would be minimized.
Seasonal flow in torrents would be replaced by perennial flow this improving moisture regime and water availability.
Grazing in adjoining forest areas would be replaced by stall feeding.
Interest of farmers on micro-enterprises, food processing, value addition and markting would improve.
195
14.2 Logical framework analysis
Components Activities Outputs Effect Impact
Village Institution Formation
Formation of Watershed Community, User Groups
Watershed Committee each village
Number of user groups depending on the coverage of particular intervention
Project can be implemented and managed in a democratic and participatory way ensuring equity.
Unity and prosperity in the village management.
People’s Participation and positive perceptioin towards the programme
Strengthening Village operations
Organize training and awareness programme for village institutions.
Capacity Builing workshops and exposure visits for User Group and Watershed Community
Facilitating and monitoring the functioning of UGs and WCs
Strengthen linkages between UGs and WCs and Panchayat Institutions
Gender sensitization of UGs and WCs to increase inlcusiveness of samuh decision making
Sensitize Village communities to involve children and youth in development.
Awareness camps to be organized
Training and exposure visit UGs and WCs to be held
Capacity building workshop to be organized
1 Federations of UGs and WC to be formed.
Quality of management of common resources improved.
Quality of distribution of benefits between people improved
Increased awareness amongst women about village resources
Women participation enhanced in decision making of GVCs.
Involvement of youth and children in village development increased.
Fund Management
Improve management and utilization of UGs and WCs
Prepare communities to explore other sources of income for UGs and WCs.
UGs and WCs operating bank account and managing resources on their own
Purpose, frequency and volume of use of the fund enhanced Volume of funs geneatred for UGs ans WCs from other sources of income increased
Ecological restoration
Protection, Treatment and regeneration of common and private lands
Protection, treatment and regeneration of forest lands
Plantation of fruits and forest species
Input training, conduct meeting and organize exposure visit for communities, village volunteers and staff to effectively plan, execute and monitor activities.
Identification and promotion of non-timber forest produce based income generation activities
Common and private lands to be brought under new plantations and agro-horti-foresty like Neem, Adussa, prosopis, Banyan and Peepul
Forest lands to be brought under new plantations and protection
Trainings, exposure visits and meetings to be organized for communities, village volunteers and staff.
Income generation intervention promoted
Fodder availability from common and private land increased
Accessibility to common and forest land increased with removal of encroachments and resolution of confilicts
Better Ecological order in the area
Increase in the proportion of households having more security of fodder.
Reduction in drudgery of fodder and fuel collection, especially women
196
Rainfed Area Development
Treatment of land through improved soil and moisture conservation practices on watershed basis
Promotion of good agricultural practices horticulture, improved crop and vegetable
Promotion of organic farming practices
Formation of Fodder banks to increase fodder security and promote dairy development among communities
Identification and promotion of agri-produce based income generation activities like grading, processing and packaging.
Promotion of better irrigation practices like drip irrigation
Impart trainings, conduct meetings and organize exposure visits of communities, village volunteers and staff to effectively plan, execute and monitor activities.
Land to be brought under improved soil moisture conservation practices.
Good agricultural practices to be promoted.
Organic farming to be promoted.
Fodder banks to be established
Agriculture based livelihood income generation activities to be promoted
Water harvesting structures to be constructed
Drip irrigation facilities to be distributed among farmers
Approx 15000 person days of employment to be generated
Training, exposure visits and meetings to be organized for communities, village volunteers and staff
Improved productivity of treated land
Increased availability of water in cells
Increase in annual agricultural production
Farmers adopt organic farming practices
Fodder security of farmers enhanced.
Increased availability of water for 9 to 12 months
Increased availability of water for livestock
Availability of irrigation water established
Farmers take two crops in a year.
Increase in agricultural productivity of land
Availability of drinking water enhanced
Increase in proportion of households having more security of food
Increase in contribution of agricultural income to the household income
Women’s socio-political and economic empowerment
Formation and strengthening of women’ SHG groups
Women’s SHG groups to be formed
Federation of Women’s SHGs to be formed
Training to be conducted for preparation of woolen products from sheep and goats
Ehnached capacities of leaders of women’s group in taking initiatives to solve problems at different levels.
Improved access to credit for livelihood purposes
Increased household income
Position of women in household, community, society (politically, socially and economically) as perceived by women and community at large.
Performance enhancent of SHGs in terms of participation, decision making, leadership and fund management.
Equality and equity in gender relations at home (decision making, expenditure, children’s education, health)
197
14.3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Integrated watershed management approach including catchment treatment with soil and
water conservation measures like construction of staggered contour trenches, check dams,
debris basin, grade stabilizers in channel, vegetative measures and planting of trees and
grasses in Shivalik foot hill region not only prove effective in arresting sediment from
denuded hills and developing water resource but also gained ground on economic front. This
is exemplified through out come of economic evaluation of some of the water shed projects
implemented in the Shivalik region of north India. The results of economic evaluation of
some such projects are presented as follows:-
1. Economic Analysis of Relmajra Project
A participatory water shed development programme was taken up in village Rel majra in the
district Nawan shahar, where a 13.5 m high homogenous earth fill dam was constructed in
1992 to store 13.7 ham runoff water from the hills. This project proved to be economically
beneficial as B/C ratios for agriculture sector, animal husbandry sector and overall pooling all
project benefits worked out as 2.01, 1.2 and 1.58, respectively. Discount rate in the analysis
was assumed as 10% considering the project life as 30 years. (Environmental Impact
Assessment of participatory watershed management in Shivaliks-Rel majra ,JS Samra , Y
Agnihotri, SP Mittal ,RC Bansal, RK Aggarwal and RP Yadav, Bulletin# T-46/ C-10,
CSWCRTI RC, Chandigarh, Feb, 2002).
2. Economic analysis of various land use systems
The economic appraisal of various alternate land use systems developed under Rel majra
was made in which two storied systems of Kinnow + Bhabbar, on the basis of 1o year data
provided a B/C ratio of 1.37. Ber+Napier grass proved to be even more economical yielding
a B/C ratio of 3.37. Sole Aonla plantation gave a B/C ratio of 1.66. B/C ratio of raising poplar
with agriculture crops in the water shed was worked out as 2.0. (Economic appraisal of
alternative land use systems for degraded Shivaliks, Y Agnihotri, Indian Journal of Forestry,
Vol. 25(1), 2002,: 60-66)
3. Economic Analysis of Watershed Development Project Bunga
The Economic Analysis of Watershed Development Project in village Bunga of district
Ambala (now Panchkula) was under taken in 1984. The same proved to be economically
viable as B/C ratio was estimated to be 2.10 assuming a discount rate of 10% and project
life of 30 years. Main component of this water shed programme was development of water
resource for irrigation by raising an earthen dam. The crop and milk production improved
and project provided benefits to the landless. (Socio economic Evaluation of watershed
management project-A Case Study, Y Agnihotri, SP Mittal and Swarn Lata, Proceedings
Third IWRS National Symposium on Water Development and Management, IIT, Kanpur,
Feb2-4, 1990: 231-234).
4. Economic Viability of Watershed Management Programmes Sukhomajri and Nada
Villages
The watershed management programmes were implemented in Sukhomajri and Nada
watersheds in district Panchkula in 1976 and 1980. Main components of the programme
198
were, harvesting excess rain water from the hills, recycling the harvested rain water for crop
production, development of allied programmes like, animal husbandry, fish culture,
horticulture, pasture development etc. and above a8r [poiufdsa*-l encouraging people‟s
participation. The economic evaluation of the projects revealed them to be financially
profitable and viable as the B/C ratios were found as 1.39 and 1.24, respectively assuming a
project life of 30 years and discount rate of 10%. (Watershed Management-A Key to up lift
socioeconomic status in Shivalik Foot hill villages of India, Y Agnihotri & JS Samra, Indian
journal of Soil Conservation, Vol.42,1998: 176-181.
5. Economics of Watershed Management Programme of villages Behlada and Chatara
A watershed management programme was undertaken in villages Behlada and Chatara in
District Una (HP) in 1984 where main emphasis was laid on improved agricultural practices
only and irrigation water was not available. Cost of watershed development in 1984-85 was
5.13 lakh. Crop yield increased by 50% due to watershed interventions. Gross return worth
Rs 20 lakh was obtained during 1988-89 as against Rs 15 lakh during pre project period at
the same price level. Milk yield after the project intervention was also up by 77 %. Over all
benefit, cost ratio of the project was seen as 1.67.(Economics of water shed management
sans benefit from irrigation in Shivalik foot hill villages, Y Agnihotri, SP Mittal and Swarn Lata
Arya, J. of Soil and Water Conserv., Vol 34( No. 2,3 &4):114-120
6. Appraisal of waste land development project on integrated basis in villages
Aganpur-Bhagwasi
A project on waste land development on integrated basis in villages Aganpur-Bhagwasi of
district Patiala extending in 550ha land was taken up by the CSWCRTI,RC, Chandigarh in
1997-98. The project aimed at developing a model watershed to provide sufficient food,
fodder, fuel and employment on sustainable basis. Economic analysis of the project brought
out that B/C ratio for raising crops under irrigated area was 1.92 and under rain fed area was
1.30. For dairy sector B/C ratio was 1.76, for Poplar plantation it was 3.4 and for horticulture,
B/C ratio turned out to be 2.12. Over all benefit, cost ratio was how ever 1.72. ( A Report on
Participatory Water shed Management for Sustainable Development in Aganpur-Bhagwasi