Detailed Presentation on Momentum - Part 1 of 3literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-9597EN.pdfobject, Momentum will automatically snap the port to the edge of the closest object.

This document is owned by Agilent Technologies, but is no longer kept current and may contain obsolete or

inaccurate references. We regret any inconvenience this may cause. For the latest information on Agilent’s

line of EEsof electronic design automation (EDA) products and services, please go to:

www.agilent.com/fi nd/eesof

Agilent EEsof EDA

nstewart

Text Box

Detailed Presentation on Momentum - Part 1 of 3

Momentum Seminar momentum_01_02 Page 1

Using Momentum

• Enable regular Momentum or Momentum RF

• Define Substrate and Metallization (pre-compute option)

• Modify the type and impedance of ports

• Describe a possible Substrate enclosure

• Create/modify Momentum Component to be used in EM/circuit co-simulationor co-optimization• Define Mesh parameters (pre-compute option)

•Setup and Perform a Momentum simulation (planar solve)

• Setup and Perform a Momentum optimization (geometric perturbation based)

• Display Visualization (S-parameters, current density, transmission lineparameters) and Radiation patterns• Export 3D files for HFSS

Solution process

• Select Mode

• Substrate definition

• Port Setup

• Mesh Generation

• Planar Solve

• Display Results


Using Momentum: Selecting the Analysis Mode

•Solution process

•Select Mode

•Substrate definition

•Port Setup

•Mesh Generation

•Planar Solve

•Display Results

Click this submenu to toggle the analysis mode

• Momentum �� MomentumRF

• MomentumRF �� Momentum


Momentum versus MomentumRF: A SnapshotMomentum features:

• Full-Wave EM Simulation

• Rooftop Basis Function

• Rectangular and Triangular Cells

• For most passive geometry

• Full accuracy for all circuit sizes

• No inherent upper frequency limit

• Potential instability at f <kHz to MHz

• Port Calibration

• Box and Waveguide inclusion

• Includes all radiation modes

• Display 2D and 3D Radiation Patterns

Momentum RF features:

• Quasi-Static EM Simulation

• Star/Loop Basis Functions

• Polygonal cells

• Best for geometrically complex designs

• For electrically small designs (≤ λ/2)

• Upper frequency depends on size

• Results stable down to DC

• Port Calibration

• No Box / Waveguide Modes

• For designs that don’t radiate

• No Radiation Patterns

• Great for 1st pass results, even for large designs (> λ/2)

• Simulation time and memory decrease by ~10X-25X


Status window provides rule of thumb frequencyfor which the structure is “electrically small”

How do I know?

Momentum versus MomentumRFElectrically Small condition for Momentum RF…

D ≤≤≤≤ λλλλ/2


Momentum versus MomentumRFPlanar EM Simulation Basics

Physical Design

• Substrate

• Metallization

• Ports

Method of Moments

• Meshing

• Rooftop functions

B1(r) B2(r) B3(r)

I1 I2 I3

λ/10J(r) = I1B1(r) + I2B2(r) + I3B3(r)Hey…where did

this equationcome from?


If one then transforms these equations to the integral form, the mixed potential integral equation in very generalform as a linear integral operator equation follows:

Here, J(r) represents the unknown surface currents and E(r) the known excitation of the problem. The Green's dyadic of thelayered medium acts as the integral kernel. The unknown surface currents are discretized by meshing the planarmetallization patterns and applying an expansion in a finite number of subsectional basis functions B1(r), ..., BN(r):

Maxwell’s Equations∇×E = -･B/･t Faraday’s Law∇×H = J + ･D/･t Ampere’s Law∇·D = ρ Gauss’s Law∇·B = 0 No Name (Gauss’s Law for Magnetism)whereE = Electric Field Intensity VectorH = Magnetic Field Intensity VectorD = Electric Flux Density (Electric Displacement Vector)B = Magnetic Flux Density Vector

James C. Maxwell

Ohhhh…sorry Iasked. ��


Momentum versus MomentumRFPlanar EM Simulation Basics

B1(r) B2(r) B3(r)

I1 I2 I3

I1 I2 I3

C11 C22

C12

L11

L23

L22

L13L12

L33R22

≤λ/10

Method of Moments

Maxwell’s Equations

Matrix Equation

Equivalent Circuit

[Z].[I]=[V]

[Z] = [R] + jω[L] + 1/jω [C]-1


Momentum versus MomentumRFFullwave versus Quasi-Static: Fullwave

•Fullwave electric & magnetic Green’s functions

•Includes space and surface radiation

•[L(w)] & [C(w)] are complex and frequency dependent

•[Z(w)] matrix reload CPU intensive

jkRR e

−1Fullwave EM


Matrix Equation

Equivalent Circuit

[Z].[I]=[V]

[Z] = [R] + jω[L(ω)] + 1/jω [C(ω)]-1

[S]


Momentum versus MomentumRFFullwave versus Quasi-Static: Quasi-Static

•Electro- and magneto-static Green’s functions

•Near field / low freq approximation

L(w) = L0 + L1wR + L2(wR)2 + …

C(w) = C0 + C1wR + C2(wR)2 + …

• Neglects far field radiation

• [L0] & [C0] are real and frequency independent

• [Z0] matrix reload very fast

( )...111 +−≈− jkRe RjkR

RQuasi-Static EM


Matrix Equation

Equivalent Circuit

[Zo].[I]=[V]

[Zo] = [R] + jω[Lo] + 1/jω [Co]-1

[S]


Momentum versus MomentumRFA Summary of Effects Included

• quasi-static inductance . . . . . . • quasi-static capacitance . . . . . • DC conductor loss (s) . . . . . . . .• DC substrate loss (s) . . . . . . . . • dielectric loss (tan d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• skin effect loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• substrate wave radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• space wave radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Layout

S parameters

RF

Spice model S parameters

MW

Spice Momentum RF Momentum MWDC


Using Momentum: Creating Substrate Stack-ups andMapping Layout Layers as Metallization Layers

•Solution process

•Select Mode


•Port Setup

•Mesh Generation

•Planar Solve

•Display Results



Once you have created or imported your artwork…



…be sure to define (or open) your substrate stack-up and map the metallization layers


Using Momentum: Creating Substrate Stack-ups andMapping Layout Layers as Metallization LayersGreens Function Substrate Calculation Time

Student’s Guide A-36


Using Momentum: Creating Substrate Stack-ups andMapping Layout Layers as Metallization LayersA note on layout layer conductivity

Conductivity defined as:

• Perfect Conductor (lossless)

• σσσσ (Real, Imaginary)

• σσσσ (Real, thickness)

• Impedance (Real, Imaginary)

The parameters selected are appliedtoward a conductor loss algorithm, thisdoes NOT affect the layout thickness


• Momentum treats all conductors as having zero thickness. However, the conductivity and thickness can be specified to approximatefrequency dependent losses in the metallization patterns.

• Momentum uses a complex surface impedance for all metals that is a function of conductor thickness, conductivity, and frequency.• At low frequencies, current flow will be approximately uniformly distributed across the thickness of the metal. Momentum uses

this minimum resistance and an appropriate internal inductance to form the complex surface impedance.• At high frequencies, the current flow is dominantly on the outside of the conductor and Momentum uses a complex surface

impedance that closely approximates this skin effect.• At intermediate frequencies, where metal thickness is between approximately two and ten skin depths, the surface impedance

transitions between those two limiting behaviors.

• This surface impedance is added to the Method of Moments approach that is used for Momentum in general.

• The formula used is a combination of a high-frequency conductivity and a low-frequency bulk resistivity. The formula is such that bothapproaches (LF bulk behavior � HF surface impedance) transition seamlessly.

• The formula is:• Z = coth(γ) * Zc

•where Zc = the HF impedance and coth(γ) is the correction for finite thickness• Zc = 0.5 * sqrt(j * µ0 * ω/(σ + j * ε0 * ω ))• γ = 0.5 * thickness * sqrt(j * µ0 * ω * (σ + j * ε0 * ω))

•where ω = 2 * π * f•and σ = conductivity = 1/resistivity [in Siemens/meter]

• The meshing density can affect the simulated behavior of a structure. A more dense mesh allows current flow to be better representedand can slightly increase the loss. This is because a more uniform distribution of current for a low density mesh corresponds to a lowerresistance

Using Momentum: Creating Substrate Stack-ups and MappingLayout Layers as Metallization Layers:Loss Model used in Strip Conductors

We will examine a“thick conductor”

method later in thisseminar


Using Momentum

•Solution process

•Select Mode


•Port Setup

•Mesh Generation

•Planar Solve

•Display Results


Placing and Defining PortsConsiderations

Keep the following points in mind when adding ports to circuits to be simulated using Momentum:

• The components or shapes that ports are connected to must be on layout layers that are mapped tometallization layers that are defined as strips or slots. Ports cannot be directly connected to vias.

• Make sure that ports on edges are positioned so that the arrow is outside of the object, pointinginwards, and at a straight angle.

• Make sure that the port and the object you are connecting it to are on the same layout layer. Forconvenience, you can set the entry layer to this layer; the Entry Layer listbox is on the Layout toolbar.

• A port must be applied to an object. If a port is applied in open space so that is not connected to anobject, Momentum will automatically snap the port to the edge of the closest object. This will not beapparent from the layout, however, because the position of the port will not change.

• If the Layout resolution is changed after adding ports that are snapped to edges, you must deletethe ports and add them again. The resolution change makes it unclear to which edges the ports aresnapped, causing errors in mesh calculations.

Note Do not use the ground port component (Component > Ground) in circuits that will besimulated using Momentum. Either add ground planes to the substrate or use the ground referenceports.

(Ground port component toolbar button: )


Port Type

• Single(default)

•Internal

• Differential

• Coplanar

• Common Mode

• Ground Ref.

General Description

Calibrated to remove mismatch at portboundary (might also call this atransmission line port)

Not calibrated (might also call this adirect excitation port)

Two ports with opposite polarity

Two ports with opposite polarity

Two ports with the same polarity

An explicit ground reference for aSingle or Internal port.

Placement

Edge

Edge orSurface

Edge

Edge

Edge

Edge orSurface

Type of layer

Strip orSlot

Strip

Strip

Slots

Strip

Strip

CPW NOTE: For finite ground planes, use Ground Reference ports and Internal port on center conductor.

Placing and Defining PortsDescription of Momentum Port Types


• It is connected to an object that is on either a strip or slot metallization layer.• It can be applied only to the edge of an object.• The port is external and calibrated. The port is excited using a calibration process that

removes any undesired reactive effects of the port excitations (mode mismatch) at the portboundary. This is performed by extending the port boundary with a half-wavelengthcalibration (transmission) line. The frequency wavelength selected during the mesh orsimulation process is used to calculate the length of the calibration line. For more informationabout the calibration process, refer to "Calibration and De-embedding of the S-parameters"on page A-7 in the Momentum manual.

• The port boundary can be moved into or away from the geometry by specifying a referenceoffset. S-parameters will be calculated as if the port were at this position.

• When two or more single ports are on the same reference plane, coupling effects caused byparasitics affects the S-parameters. The calibration process groups the ports so that anycoupling in the calibration arms is included in the S-parameter solution.

• If the port is connected to an object on a strip layer, the substrate definition must include atleast one infinite metal layer: a top cover, ground plane, or a slot layer, or a groundreference must be used in addition to the port.

• If the port is connected to an object that is on a slot layer, the port has polarity.

Tip It is not necessary to open the Port Editor dialog box to assign this port type. Any portwithout a port type specified is assumed to be a single port.

Placing and Defining PortsSingle Port Properties


Placing and Defining PortsDefining a Single Port

• Choose Momentum > Port Editor.

• Select the port that you want to assign this type to.

• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type, select Single.

• Enter the components of the port impedance in the Real and Imaginary fields,and specify the units.

• You can shift the port boundary, also referred to as the port reference plane.Shifting the boundary enables a type of de-embedding process that effectivelyadds or subtracts electrical length from the circuit, based on the characteristicimpedance and propagation characteristic of the port. Enter the offset in theReference Offset field, and select the units. A positive value moves the portboundary into the circuit, a negative value moves the port boundary away fromthe circuit.

• Click Apply to add the definition to the port.


Placing and Defining PortsSingle Port: Avoiding Overlap (of calibration arm)

Be aware that when using single ports, the calibration arm applied to a port may belong enough to overlap another element in the circuit. In this case, the port will bechanged to an internal port type, and no calibration will be performed on it. If thisoccurs, a message will be displayed during simulation in the Status window indicatingthe change.


Placing and Defining PortsSingle Port: Applying Reference Offsets

Reference offsets enable you to reposition single port types in a layout and thereby adjust electrical lengths in a layout, withoutchanging the actual drawing. S-parameters are returned as if the ports were placed at the position of the reference offset.

Why Use Reference Offsets?The need to adjust the position of ports in a layout is analogous to the need to eliminate the effect of probes when measuringhardware prototypes. When hardware prototypes are measured, probes are connected to the input and output leads of the DeviceUnder Test (DUT). These probes feed energy to the DUT, and measure the response of the circuit. Unfortunately, the measuredresponse characterizes the entire setup, that is, the DUT plus the probes. This is an unwanted effect. The final measurements shouldreflect the characteristics of the DUT alone. The characteristics of the probes are well known, so measurement labs canmathematically eliminate the effects of the probes, and present the correct measurements of the DUT.There are significant resemblances between this hardware measurement process and the way Momentum operates. In the case ofMomentum, the probes are replaced by ports, which, during simulation, will feed energy to the circuit and measure its response. TheMomentum port feeding scheme also has its own, unwanted effect: low-order mode mismatch at the port's boundary, although this iseliminated by the calibration process. However, in order for this calibration process to work well, it is necessary that the fundamentalmode is characterized accurately. This can only be accomplished when the distance between the port boundary and the firstdiscontinuity is sufficiently large, that is, there exists a feedline that is long enough to provide this distance.


Placing and Defining PortsSingle Port: Allowing for Coupling Effects

If you have two or more single ports that lie on the same reference plane, the calibration process willtake into account the coupling caused by parasitics that naturally occurs between these ports. Thisyields simulation results that more accurately reflect the behavior of an actual circuit.The figure below helps illustrate which ports will be grouped in order for the calibration process toaccount for coupling among the ports. In this setup, only the first two ports will be grouped, since thethird port is an internal port type and the fourth port is on a different reference plane. Note that eventhough the second port has a reference offset assigned to it, for this process they are considered to beon the same plane and their reference offsets will be made equal.If you do not want the ports to be grouped, you must add a small thickness of metal to the edge of theobject that one of the ports is connected to. The ports will no longer be on the same plane, and will notbe considered part of the same group.


Placing and Defining PortsInternal Port Properties

• Internal ports enable you to apply a port to the surface of an object in your design. By using internalports, all of the physical connections in a circuit can be represented, so your simulation can take intoaccount all of the EM coupling effects that will occur among ports in the circuit. These coupling effectscaused by parasitics are included in your simulation results because internal ports are not calibrated.

• You should avoid geometries that allow coupling between single and internal ports to prevent incorrect S-parameters.

• An example of where an internal port is useful is to simulate a bond wire on the surface on an object.Another example of where an internal port is necessary is a circuit that consists of transmission lines thatconnect to a device, such as a transistor or a chip capacitor, but this device is not part of the circuit thatyou are simulating. An internal port can be placed at the connection point, so even though the device isnot part of the circuit you are simulating, the coupling effects that occur among the ports and around thedevice will be included in your simulation.

• Internal ports are often used in conjunction with ground references.


Placing and Defining PortsInternal Port Properties

• It can be applied to the interior of a circuit by applying it to the surface of an object.• It can be applied to the edge of an object.• It can be applied to objects that are on strip layers only.• The orientation of the port is not considered if it is on the surface of an object. (For a

description of port orientation, refer to "Adding a Port to a Layout" on page B-5 inthe Momentum manual.)

• No calibration is performed on the port. Because no calibration is performed on theport, the results will not be as accurate as with a single port. However, thedifference in accuracy is small.

•Choose Momentum > Port Editor.

•Select the port that you want to assign this type to.

•Click Apply.

Defining an Internal Port


Placing and Defining PortsIllustration of Internal Port Excitation: Direct Point Feed

direct excitation point feed


direct excitation

line feed

Placing and Defining PortsIllustration of Internal Port Excitation: Direct Line/Edge Feed


Placing and Defining PortsDifferential Port Properties

Differential ports should be used in situations where an electric field is likely to build upbetween two ports (odd modes propagate). This can occur when:• The two ports are close together• There is no ground plane in the circuit or the ground plane is relatively far away• One port behaves (to a degree) like a ground to the other port, and polarity between the

ports is developed.• The ports are connected to objects that are on strip metallization layers.• The electric field that builds up between the two ports will have an effect on the circuit

that should be taken into account during a simulation. To do this, use differential ports.

Differential ports have the following properties:• They can be applied to objects on strip layers only.• They are assigned in pairs, and each pair is assigned a single port number.• Each of the two ports is excited with the same absolute potential, but with the opposite

polarity. The voltages are opposite (180 degrees out of phase). The currents are equal butopposite in direction when the ports are on two symmetrical lines, and the currentdirection is approximated for other configurations.

• The two ports must be on the same reference plane.


Placing and Defining PortsDifferential Port Numbering

Note: Port numbers for differential ports are treated in the following manner: on the layout, you will continueto see the port numbers (instance names) that were assigned to each port when they were added to thelayout. Use the Momentum Port Editor dialog box to identify which pair of ports will be treated as a differentialport.

When Momentum simulates designs containing non-consecutive port numbers, the ports are remapped toconsecutive numbers in the resulting data file. The lowest port number is remapped to 1, and remainingnumbers are remapped in consecutive order. The port numbers are not changed in the design itself. Amessage in the Status window announces the change, and lists the mappings.

For example, if you are simulating a design with ports numbered 1 and 3, the following status messageinforms you of the changes:

Layout has non-consecutive port numbers.Output files will have consecutive port numbers.

layout port -> output port1 -> 13 -> 2

Also, when you view results, you will see S-parameters for the differential port numbers. In the exampleabove, the layout would show p1, p2, p3, p4. The S-parameter results will be for combinations of the originalP1 and P3 only.


Placing and Defining PortsDefining a Differential Port

• Choose Momentum > Port Editor.• Select the port that you want to assign this type

to. Note the port number.• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type,

select Differential.• Under Polarity, make sure that Normal is

selected.• Click Apply.• Select the second port.• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type,

select Differential.• Under Polarity, select Reversed.• Under Associate with port number, enter the

number of the previously-selected port.• Click Apply.• Repeat these steps for other differential port pairs

in the circuit.• Click OK to dismiss the dialog box.


direct excitationn

line feed

line feedground reference

1.i

-1.i

Student’s Guide A-32

Placing and Defining PortsIllustration of Differential Port Excitation: Direct Point Feed


Placing and Defining PortsCoplanar Port Properties

This type of port is used specifically for coplanar waveguide (CPW) circuits. It is similarto a differential port, but coplanar ports are applied to objects on slot layers (that is,where slots are used in the design). Coplanar ports should be used in situations wherean electric field is likely to build up between two ports. This can occur when:• The two ports are close together• Polarity between the ports develops• The ports are connected to objects that are on slot metallization layers• The electric field that builds up between the two ports will have an effect on the

circuit that should be taken into account during a simulation. To do this, usecoplanar ports.

Coplanar ports have the following properties:• They can be applied to objects on slot layers only.• They are assigned in pairs.• Each of the two ports is excited with the same absolute potential, but with the

opposite polarity. The voltages are opposite (180 degrees out of phase). Thecurrents are equal but opposite in direction when the ports are on two symmetricallines, and the current direction is approximated for other configurations.

• The two ports must be on the same reference plane.


Placing and Defining PortsCoplanar Port Polarity

Note: Port numbers for CPW portsare treated similar to the manner inwhich differential ports are treated.

Be careful when assigning polarity to coplanar ports.An incorrect choice of polarity can change the phase oftransmission type S-parameters by 180 degrees.

To verify polarity, zoom in on a coplanar port. You willnotice two sets of arrows applied to the port. Oneappears when you add the port component to thecircuit. The second will appear after the mesh iscomputed. It indicates the direction of the voltage overthe slot.


Placing and Defining PortsDefining a Coplanar Port

Note Coplanar ports can be applied to objects on slot layers only.

• Choose Momentum > Port Editor.• Select the port that you want to assign this type to. Note the port

number.• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type, select Coplanar.• Under Polarity, make sure that Normal is selected.• Click Apply.• Select the second port.• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type, select Coplanar.• Under Polarity, select Reversed.• Under Associate with port number, enter the number of the

previously-selected port.• Click Apply.• Repeat these steps for other differential port pairs in the circuit.• Click OK to dismiss the dialog box.


Placing and Defining PortsCoplanar Port Example: examples/Momentum/Microwave/CPW_bend_prj


Placing and Defining PortsCoplanar Port Example: examples/Momentum/Microwave/CPW_bend_prj


Placing and Defining PortsCoplanar Port Example

Note: Visualizationdisplays the magneticcurrents (not theelectrical currents) forslot metallizations.Therefore, slots arevisualized and not metal.


Placing and Defining PortsCommon Mode Port Properties

Use common mode ports in designs where the polarity of fields is the same among twoor more ports (even modes propagate). The associated ports are excited with the sameabsolute potential and are given the same port number.

Common mode ports have the following properties:• They can be applied to objects on strip layers only• A ground plane or other infinite metal (such as a cover) is required as part of the

design• Two or more ports can be associated• Associated ports are excited with the same absolute potential (and same polarity)• The ports must be on the same reference plane

Note Port numbers for common ports are treated in the followingmanner: on the layout, you will continue to see the port numbers(instance names) that were assigned to each port when they wereadded to the layout. Use the Momentum Port Editor dialog box toidentify which group of ports will be treated as a common port.

Also, when you view results, you will see S-parameters for the commonport numbers. In the example above, the layout would show p1, p2, p3.The S-parameter results will be for combinations of P1 only.

Note: Can also be utilized for“thick conductor” simulations(more on this later)


Placing and Defining PortsDefining a Common Mode Port

• Choose Momentum > Port Editor.• Select the port that you want to assign this type to. Note the port

number.• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type, select Common

Mode.• Click Apply.• Select the second port.• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type, select Common

Mode.• Under Associate with port number, enter the number of the port

that you selected first. Make sure that the value in the Associatewith port number field is the same for additional ports. Forexample, if you were associating three ports and the first port wasassigned as port 1, for the second and third port, the valueentered into the Associate with port number field would be 1. (Forthe first port you choose, no value is entered in this field.)

• Click Apply.• Repeat these steps for other common mode ports in the circuit.• Click OK to dismiss the dialog box.


Placing and Defining PortsGround Reference Port

Ground references enable you to add explicit ground references to a circuit, which maybe necessary if implicit grounds are in your design.Implicit ground is the potential at infinity, and it is made available to the circuit throughthe closest infinite metal layer of the substrate. Implicit grounds are used with internalports and with single ports that are connected to objects on strip metallization layers.There are instances where the distance between a port and its implicit ground is toolarge electrically, or there are no infinite metal layers defined in the substrate. In thesecases, you need to add explicit ground references to ensure accurate simulation results.For more information on using ground references, refer to "Simulating with InternalPorts and Ground References" on page A-10 in the Momentum manual.

You can apply ground references to the surfaces of object. The object must be on stripmetallization layers.

Note: Multiple ground reference ports can be associated with the same port. To beassociated with a single port, the ground reference port should be a port attached to anedge of an object in the same reference plane as the single port.


Placing and Defining PortsDefining a Ground Reference Port

• Choose Momentum > Port Editor.

• Select the port that you want to assign as the ground reference.

• In the Port Editor dialog box, under Port Type, select Ground Reference.

• Under Associate with port number, enter the number of the single orinternal port that you want to associate with this ground reference. Makesure that the distance between the port and ground reference is electricallysmall.

• Click Apply.


Placing and Defining PortsCPW with Finite Ground Planes using INTERNAL and GROUND REF ports

• Ports 1 and 2 are internal.

• Ports 3, 4, 5, and 6 are ground reference . The grounds areassociated with the internal port using the editor.


Placing and Defining PortsRemapping Port Numbers

Some designs contain non-consecutive port numbers. This results in simulation data files thatare difficult to use. When Momentum simulates designs containing non-consecutive portnumbers, the ports are remapped to consecutive numbers in the resulting data file. Thelowest port number is remapped to 1, and remaining numbers are remapped in consecutiveorder. The port numbers are not changed in the design itself. A message in the Statuswindow announces the change, and lists the mappings.For example, if you are simulating a design with ports numbered 37 and 101, the followingstatus message informs you of the changes:

Layout has non-consecutive port numbers.Output files will have consecutive port numbers.layout port -> output port37 -> 1101 -> 2

Port number remapping is done only for sampled and AFS CITIfiles and their correspondingS-parameter datasets. It is not done for Visualization and far field files. The remapping isdone at the CITIfile level, and propagates to the dataset file. After remapping, all datasetsare in sync with the new port numbering.

www.agilent.com/fi nd/emailupdatesGet the latest information on the products and applications you select.

www.agilent.com/fi nd/agilentdirectQuickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confi dence.

Agilent Email Updates

Agilent Direct

www.agilent.comFor more information on Agilent Technologies’ products, applications or services, please contact your local Agilent office. The complete list is available at:www.agilent.com/fi nd/contactus

AmericasCanada (877) 894-4414 Latin America 305 269 7500United States (800) 829-4444

Asia Pacifi cAustralia 1 800 629 485China 800 810 0189Hong Kong 800 938 693India 1 800 112 929Japan 0120 (421) 345Korea 080 769 0800Malaysia 1 800 888 848Singapore 1 800 375 8100Taiwan 0800 047 866Thailand 1 800 226 008

Europe & Middle EastAustria 0820 87 44 11Belgium 32 (0) 2 404 93 40 Denmark 45 70 13 15 15Finland 358 (0) 10 855 2100France 0825 010 700* *0.125 €/minuteGermany 01805 24 6333** **0.14 €/minuteIreland 1890 924 204Israel 972-3-9288-504/544Italy 39 02 92 60 8484Netherlands 31 (0) 20 547 2111Spain 34 (91) 631 3300Sweden 0200-88 22 55Switzerland 0800 80 53 53United Kingdom 44 (0) 118 9276201Other European Countries: www.agilent.com/fi nd/contactusRevised: March 27, 2008

Product specifi cations and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2008

For more information about Agilent EEsof EDA, visit:

www.agilent.com/fi nd/eesof

nstewart

Text Box

Printed in USA, May 19, 2003 5989-9597EN

Detailed Presentation on Momentum - Part 1 of 3literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-9597EN.pdfobject, Momentum will automatically snap the port to the edge of the closest object.

Documents