DESL Experience-MSW WTE Conversion Technologies

Presented at

‘Asia Energy Security Summit’

organised by IPPAI , India

Bangkok, March 01, 2013

Dr G C Datta Roy

CEO, Development Environergy Services Limited (DESL)

New Delhi

DESL Experience-MSW WTE Conversion Technologies

Presentation Outline

DESL in Waste-to-Energy

Critical technology issues

DESL experience

Key learning & conclusions

2

DESL & Alternate Energy

Enabled energy saving of approx

200 MW in commercial buildings,

industries and municipal facilities

Designed and Engineered

over 500 MW of biomass

based power plants and

cogeneration

Designed and engineered

22 MW solid waste to

energy plant

Due Diligence & Project

development for 250 MW

of hydropower

400,000 LPD solar water heating in industrial processes

Introducing DESL 3

3 million tons of GHG emissions off-set

DESL MSW WTE Project portfolio Projects Commissioned

•16 MW Incineration based, Continuous operation since Feb, 2012 -Delhi

Project under Commissioning

•10 MW pyrolysis/reformation based, currently one module operating-Pune

Project under installation

•12 MW RDF based-Delhi

Feasibility Study

•5 MW Biomethanation based-Jamshedpur

Key Technology Issues

MSW Charaterisation • Physical

• Thermal

• Chemical

Fuel preparation technologies

Conversion technologies • Biomethanation

• Combustion

• Gasification

5

Physical & Thermal Characteristics

6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

GC

V (

kCal

/kg)

MSW Characterization

GCV on as Received Basis Volatile Matter (VM) Fixed Carbon (FC)

Total Moisture (TM) Ash Content (AC)

VM

, FC

, TM

& A

C (

%)

Extremely wide variation-reasons for failure of many WTE plants in India

Moisture Content

7

Wide Variation-Zonal & Seasonal

Technology-MSW Quality Compliance

Technology Compatibility Restrictive/Harmful

Biomethanation Food wastes, green wastes, excrements, paper, higher CN ratio

Non-paper fibres, plastics, metals, glass, inerts

Pyrolysis, gasification All fibres, moisture<15%, consistency

Metals extremely harmful, inerts

RDF All fibres, low moistures Plastics particularly PVC, inerts

Incineration Flexible PVC, inerts

8

PVC, moisture & inerts are the common problems-need for preparatory technology; simple for incineration to highly

sophisticated for gasification

Preparatory Devices-Fundamentals

Size reduction

Screening

Density separation

Pre & post drying

Metal removal

Inert reduction

9 Cost ratio for different systems has been as high as 1:10

Receipt & handling

Trommel

Manual removal-recyclable

Removing metals Primary Shredder

Ballistic separator Secondary Shredder

Drying

03/04/2013 10

Hot Air Generator Dryer Finished RDF

Preparatory need different for different conversion technologies RDF, a commercial fuel for many applications (Boilers, Kilns, pellets)

Biomethanation

11

MSW Pre-processing (Separation of non-biodegradable)

Shredding & crushing

Add water

Slurry preparation Add water

Digester Dewatering

Compost

Gas

En gi

n e G

Heater

Lowest specific cost, garbage management practices, compost market, segregation, land requirement

ArrowBio Biomethanation Project-Tel Aviv

12

Processing capacity-70000 TPA (250 TPD) Electricity output-630 KW Electricity export-370 KW

Incineration

13

Storage, handling, homogenization & feeding crane High capacity grab bucket

Remote operation of grab crane Furnace monitoring for feed control

Minimum investment on fuel preparation, most flexible, proven technology, high cost of incinerator, higher chances of harmful pollution

14

New Technology-Gasification

Pyrolyser

Heater

Reformer

Combustor

Steam

Gas Clean

Up

GE G

MSW Pre-processing

1

4

3

2

6

5

10

8

7

9

11

12

13

14

15

16 Inert, Recyclable, Lichette

17 Char

Media

Hot gas

Syngas

MSW

RDF

WHR HAG

Technology Evaluation-Gasification

15

Overall cycle efficiency of upto 2 times of other technologies, 3 commercial plants (USA, Japan & India), high end technology

India Gasification Plant under Commissioning

16

Dryer

Dry RDF conveyor Fuel silo Gasifier Flare tower

Engine generator

MSW preparatory system

Emerging Technologies

High temperature pyrolysis/cracking

Micro digesters/home systems

17

DESL Learning & Conclusions

Parameters RDF Biomethanation

Incineration

Gasification

Remarks

Output-KW/100 TPD*

1100 175 1300 1600 Internal consumption high in RDF CV of plastics not counted

Technology status

Matured as fuel

Matured Matured Developing

BM technology yet to find success in India-garbage quality

Land need Medium High Low Low Need for land for fuel preparatory low in incineration Low for power block in gasification

Investment cost

High Lowest Medium High Even at higher level, cost in India is less than half/one third global benchmark

Environmental concerns

Medium Medium High Low High risk perception for incineration technology

18

*Garbage GCV of 1500 kCal/Kg

DESL believes that all the technologies would have their applications depending upon garbage quantity & quality, land

availability & societal willingness to pay for the services

19

Thank You

G C Datta Roy

Chief Executive Officer Development Environergy Services Limited (Formerly Dalkia Energy Services Ltd) # 819, 8th Floor, Antriksh Bhawan 22, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110001

Tel-+91 11 4079 1107 Fax-+91 11 4079 1101

Mob-+91 95829 40363 [email protected]

www.deslenergy.com