Designing with Digital Human Modelingclasses.engr.oregonstate.edu/mime/fall2018/ie545... · ๏Early Models - (1960 - 1980): -Cockpit packaging and pilot ergonomics of military aircraft

IE 545 Designing with Digital Human Modeling

Onan Demirel, Ph.D. Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

Oregon State University

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11/14/2018

About Me

Contact:

Onan DemirelAssistant ProfessorSchool of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing EngineeringOregon State UniversityEmail: [email protected] (personal): www.onandemirel.comWebsite (professional): http://design.engr.oregonstate.edu/demirel322 Rogers Hall | (765) 409-9419 | Corvallis, OR 97331

Education:

B.S., M.S and Ph.D (2015) in Purdue University

Research Interests:

• Design Theory and Methods• Digital Human Modeling• Human Factors Engineering• Systems Engineering• Product Design and Development• Industrial Design

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About Me

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Design Theory and Methods Systems Engineering

Human Factors Engineering Digital Human Modeling

http://www.onandemirel.com/3-research-2/3-2-themes/3-2-2-design-theory-and-methods/ http://www.onandemirel.com/3-research-2/3-2-themes/3-2-3-human-factors-engineering/ http://www.onandemirel.com/project/human-in-the-loop-vehicle-design/

WHAT IS DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING?

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What is DHM? ๏ is digital representation of the human

inserted into a simulation or a virtual environment to facilitate prediction of safety and/or performance.

๏ includes:

- visualization (form) - math/science (function)

Digital Human Modeling What is it?

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Abdel-Malek, K., Arora, J., Yang, J., Marler, T., Beck, S., Swan, C., ... & Patrick, A. (2006, October). Santos: A physics-based digital human simulation environment. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 50, No. 20, pp. 2279-2283). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.

What is DHM used for? ๏ Safety and performance assessments via biomechanics and ergonomics

Digital Human Modeling What is it?

�6Course Material: ME 599 - Digital Human Modeling for Design - Onan Demirel

Why is it important? ๏ can incorporate Human Factors Engineering design principles earlier in the

product development

Digital Human Modeling What is it?

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MODELING PROTOTYPING

STRUCTURALANALYSIS

UNDERSTAND

CONCEPTUALIZE

CREATE

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

DESIGN REALIZATION

DIGITAL HUMANMODELING

(DHM)Binocular Vision

Surface Modeling

Finite Element Analysis

Photorealistic Rendering

http://www.onandemirel.com/7-projects/

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL HUMAN MODELS

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๏ Early Models - (1960 - 1980): - Cockpit packaging and pilot ergonomics of military aircraft - Prediction of center of gravity, principal moments, product of inertia - Design of cockpit consoles, seats and seat belts

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

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Vision envelope in a cockpit Unobscured rotation check

J. W. McDaniel, “Models for ergonomic analysis and design: COMBIMAN and CREW CHIEF,” Comput. aided Ergon., pp. 138–156, 1990.

๏ Early Models - (1960s): - Mostly in 2D - some in 3D - Basic mathematical formulation (e.g., center of mass) - Not focusing on design but mostly analysis of postures

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

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The segmental method

Adapted from Hamil & Knutzen, 1995, Biomechanical basis of human movement, Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

๏ Biomechanics Models - (1960 - 1980s): - Generic biomechanics models for predicting strength capabilities - Manual/occupational tasks represented: lifting, pushing, pulling - Anthropometry, posture and force parameters

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

�113D SSPP Software, University of Michigan https://c4e.engin.umich.edu/tools-services/3dsspp-software/3dsspp-example-applications/

๏ Biomechanics Models - (1960 - 1980s): - Static models - no consideration of dynamics human postures - Variations of people from military and limited civilian data base - Anthropometry, posture and force parameters

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

�12Hamill, J., & Knutzen, K. M. (2006). Biomechanical basis of human movement. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

๏ Biomechanics Models - (1960 - 1980s): - Anthropometry: people are different! - Considering variation in design process.

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

�13Michalski, R., & Grobelny, J. (2014). Designing Emergency-Medical-Service Helicopter Interiors Using Virtual Manikins. IEEE computer graphics and applications, 34(2), 16-23.

๏ Statistical Models - (1980s - 2000 ): - Statistical DHM models bring anthropometry, motion and ergonomics

capabilities to design of workplaces and product design. - CAD integration

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

�14https://www.designnews.com/design-hardware-software/can-siemens-georgia-tech-fill-gaps-additive-manufacturing-industrial-engineering/152081214645855

๏ Statistical Models (1980s - 2000 ): - Advanced 3D models with higher visual and physical realism. - Motion Capture

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

�15http://www.onandemirel.com/3-research-2/3-2-themes/

๏ Models with Technology Integration - (2000 - now ): - Beyond traditional statistical biomechanics and ergonomics - Technology integration:

• markerless motion capture, • haptic devices and feedback , • immersive and virtual reality • digital twins • …..

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

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๏ Models with Technology Integration - (2000 - now): - Computer driven models - High-fidelity postures and motion

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

�17Abdel-Malek, K., Arora, J., Law, L. F., Swam, C., Beck, S., Xia, T., ... & Rasmussen, M. K. (2008). Santos: A Digital Human In the Making. IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY CENTER FOR COMPUTER AIDE

๏ Towards Multi-physics Model (2020s and beyond):

Digital Human Modeling Brief Research Background

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http://www.onandemirel.com/project/human-in-the-loop-vehicle-design/

DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING &

ENGINEERING DESIGN

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Designing with DHM: ๏ Before physical prototypes are built, engineering can:

๏ implement proactive ergonomics in product design ๏ evaluate human-product/environment interactions

๏ Working on digital prototypes via DHM has the potential to reduce: - design costs - time-to-market - the risk of injury - design errors

Digital Human Modeling Design Connection

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Digital Human Modeling Design Connection

�21https://www.caricos.com/cars/v/vw/2012_volkswagen_up/images/76.html https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eHUfeJE0k_c/maxresdefault.jpg http://www.carbodydesign.com/archive/2007/01/22-audi-r8-design/3/ Lawson, G., Herriotts, P., Malcolm, L., Gabrecht, K., & Hermawati, S. (2015). The use of virtual reality and physical tools in the development and validation of ease of entry and exit in passenger vehicles. Applied ergonomics, 48, 240-251.

Digital Human Modeling Design Connection

�22https://www.caricos.com/cars/v/vw/2012_volkswagen_up/images/76.html https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eHUfeJE0k_c/maxresdefault.jpg http://www.carbodydesign.com/archive/2007/01/22-audi-r8-design/3/ http://www.superstreetonline.com/cars/new-car-reviews/1502-new-audi-r8-prototype-first-drive/

Reactive - Physical Human Studies vs. Proactive - Digital Human Modeling

Why DHM? Detailed Computational Human Factors Engineering

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๏ expensive (time & finances) ๏ slow ๏ sequential / one at a time ๏ only few-parameters to check ๏ ….

๏ cheap(er) ๏ fast(er) ๏ parallel ๏ multi-purpose ๏ ….

https://www.caricos.com/cars/v/vw/2012_volkswagen_up/images/76.html

Why DHM? Overall Design Cost and Time Reduction!

Reactive Approach

Proactive Approach

�24Demirel, H. O. (2015). Modular human-in-the-loop design framework based on human factors (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University).

DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING &

ENGINEERING DESIGN OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

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๏ Especially for design that are hard to “prototype”

Why is this important? Developing better products

�26https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1916.htmlhttp://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/siemens-the-digitalization-of-submarine-development/

Humans are not replaceable! Human Factors in Complex Systems

Biodynamic Responses ๏ Underwater shock produced by an underwater

explosion remains one of the biggest threats to ships and shipboard personnel.

๏ What is an underwater shock? - Extremely high acceleration - Very short duration.

๏ Each ship hull, engine, superstructure needs to pass this test

๏ Internal structure including crew space needs to provide safe working environment.

�27https://www.navysite.de/cg/cg53.html https://my.nps.edu/web/svcl/project-portfolio

Predicting Biodynamic Responses ๏ What are the options here?

- Relatively simplified version:

Humans are not replaceable! Human Factors in Complex Systems

�28Zong, Z., & Lam, K. Y. (2002). Biodynamic response of shipboard sitting subject to ship shock motion. Journal of biomechanics, 35(1), 35-43.

Predicting Biodynamic Responses ๏ What are the options here?

- Actual data collection via crash test dummies:

Humans are not replaceable! Human Factors in Complex Systems

�29Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) https://www.aerodefensetech.com/component/content/article/adt/features/articles/27963

Predicting Biodynamic Responses

๏ What are the other options here?

- Digital Human Models with Multi-Physics Simulations

Humans are not replaceable! Human Factors in Complex Systems

�30 Shin, Y. S. (2004). Ship shock modeling and simulation for far-field underwater explosion. Computers & Structures, 82(23-26), 2211-2219.Didoszak, J. M., Shin, Y. S., & Lewis, D. H. (2004). Shock trial simulation for naval ships.https://products.damen.com/en/ranges/joint-support-ship/joint-support-shiphttps://altairhyperworks.com/partner/hubyx