1 DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR 1.0 Background study 1.1 Introduction Creativity of children playing with their own way is unexpected and predictable for an adult, and it is difficult to define, but naturally it is pleasurable, self-motivated, imaginative, non-goal directed, spontaneous, active, free of rules, and requires active participation (White, 1997). Likewise if given the opportunity for children to design with their own play space, the design is without doubt will be very different from what can be measured. This is because their designs are definitely rich with opportunities for play that characterized with their own imagination and of course the design is very suitable environment for child development in terms of psychological and physical, which is a place for children wanted to stay in all day. In addition, children learn in the course of the experiences and without being taught because, while children were having fun, they are motivated to investigate their surroundings and express their ideas, thoughts and feelings. At the same time, they are taught to deal with feelings, interact with others, resolve conflicts, and gain a sense of competence (White, 1997). In other word the development of children not just in term of developing strength and physical skills but also in term of spiritual, intellectual, creative, social and emotional growth (Hendricks, 2001).
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1DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
1.0Background study
1.1Introduction
Creativity of children playing with their own way is unexpected and predictable for
an adult, and it is difficult to define, but naturally it is pleasurable, self-motivated,
imaginative, non-goal directed, spontaneous, active, free of rules, and requires active
participation (White, 1997). Likewise if given the opportunity for children to design with
their own play space, the design is without doubt will be very different from what can be
measured. This is because their designs are definitely rich with opportunities for play
that characterized with their own imagination and of course the design is very suitable
environment for child development in terms of psychological and physical, which is a
place for children wanted to stay in all day.
In addition, children learn in the course of the experiences and without being
taught because, while children were having fun, they are motivated to investigate their
surroundings and express their ideas, thoughts and feelings. At the same time, they are
taught to deal with feelings, interact with others, resolve conflicts, and gain a sense of
competence (White, 1997). In other word the development of children not just in term of
developing strength and physical skills but also in term of spiritual, intellectual, creative,
social and emotional growth (Hendricks, 2001).
However, today children have very little time for freely play at outdoor playspace,
this is because when children do have free time, they will spent indoors in front of the
television, video games or computers. For that reason, this is influenced by their
environment, where the layout of residential or town areas does not provide playing
fields that can attract them to play (Louv, 2008), and therefore play equipment provided
by the local authority does not meet the needs of children to play which is, the crisis is
when developers or local authorities taking into account of providing a playspace, the
usual influence is to choose something that is familiar to adults, safe, and meets the
budget but unfortunately that will be boring for children itself (Thomas, 2008).
Furthermore playgrounds equipment only provided more emphasis on the
physical growth of children, which restrict and limit the psychological development of
2DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
children to play with imagination and creativity of their own and consequently the
interaction between children with their surrounding environment and other peers will be
disturb. Indeed they have restricted physical boundaries and fewer opportunities for free
play in the natural world (L.Stoecklin, 2007). Hopefully this study will provide playground
designs that match the needs of children present and in future as well as could
contribute to the physical and the psychological development of children as a whole.
1.2Topic Definition
The following is the definition and meaning of the terms used in the research topic of
Designing a Child Friendly Environment Playscape toward a Holistic Child
Development.
1.2.1 Child
According to (MADI, 2009), the child means a process of quantitative change of
human physical changes in terms of size and maturity, and these changes will
continue to occur up to a level of change that will stop.
According to (Yusoff, 2005), children who are defined as anyone under the age of
18 years, which in the age group who received protection from the Malaysia laws of
Child Act 2001.
In context of this study, base on the above statement the child were talking about is
the children who are still in the development of mental and physical, from the age of
1 to 18 years, which is still in the progress of development for the size of body
parts, height and number of brain nerves.
1.2.2 Friendly
According to ("GlossaryOfTravel.com", 2010), friendly define as facilities that
make it suitable for or easy to use by somebody.
In context of this study, friendly is a term for something appropriate to the needs,
comfort, and safety and easy for users to operate for a specific purpose for which
indirectly serve the purpose.
3DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
1.2.3 Playscape environment
Playscape environment identify as a term created by the landscape architect for
the playspace which designed like the natural environment setting and also it is the
playspace for children that are not only to play but to assist in the development of
the child itself, consisting of the man-made and the natural environment (Cynthia
Wisenor, Donna Hicks, & Duncan, 2002).
Therefore, the topic regarding the playscape environment means, the play area
that contains the element of man-made and nature, that work as a tool for children
to play, which will indirectly help the development of children in term of psychology
and physical whereby a place which most attractive for children to play.
1.2.4 Holistic
Holistic can be define as emphasizing the importance of the whole and the
interdependence of its parts which concerned with wholes rather than separation
into parts (Brown & Chip, 1999).
In context of this study, holistic is overall approach, which takes into account all
aspects of child development which includes physical and psychological
development of children, that emphasis on respect for the environment should be
applied during the development of children, so that when these children become
adults in the future, they will be more respectful to the environment
1.2.5 Child development
According to ("Child Development and Public Health", 2008), child development
define as the process of growing up, developing, and learning throughout their
lives from early life to adulthood. Which is, can be measured through social,
physical, and cognitive developmental.
In context of this study, child development is a process of development and growth
in terms of physical development, social, and the process of thought which that
encompasses the various stages of physical, social, and psychological growth.
4DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
1.2.6 Conclusion to the topic definition
For the conclusion, “Designing a Child Friendly Playscape Environment
toward a Holistic Child Development” can be simplified that the design of
playspace that have the element of man-made design and nature which friendly for
all category of children ages. In other words the playspace that takes into accounts
of needs, comfort and safety for children. This as well, works indirectly to assist the
development as a whole for all aspects of development in terms of psychological
and physical development, that concerning about the natural environment as a part
of development. Thus directly become the area that, very helpful in contribution to
the development of the children and the demand of children to stay longer for them
to spend the valuable time to play.
1.3Scope of The Study
This study focuses on the proposed design for a Child Friendly Playscape
Environment toward a Holistic Child Development at Tanjung Emas Muar Johor, which
is concerned about the age of children from 3 to 15 years old and did not include those
children with disabilities. The playspace design will encourage towards the formation of
a creative mind as well as taking into account the psychological and physical
development of children. Likewise the concerning about emphasizing natural
environment is a part of children development and also act as play equipment for
children that will be needed for generate holistic among children.
1.4Significances of Study
When most adults were children, playgrounds were areas with manufactured
equipment such as swings, see-saw and slides, which are currently seen as the
traditional setting of playground. Therefore, adults see this as the appropriate
playground model for children to play. However it is important to look at the playground
5DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
as one piece of the development approach for children which allow them opportunities
to develop through play.
For that reason, as time goes by, the design of house style have change from
traditional style to modern style, whereas the current playground equipment or the
setting itself still being traditional. Since Malaysia being a developing country, where
modernization activities can be seen everywhere, not only in urban areas but also in
rural areas which also, should prepare and change the playspace for children in line and
in accordance with the progress of development at present. This is because the old
setting playground design needs to change, to be more attractive and challenging as a
playground for children which also to be as paradigms shift.
Moreover, if the children were given task to design playground, it will be more fun
because they knew what they need. Unfortunately they do not have the skill to design.
So let the Landscape Architect become the hand to blend the knowledge, idea and skill
to become favorable, pleasant and friendly playspace with considering natural
surroundings, safety and education aspect as whole to children development, due to
that, this study will be formulating the model of a playground design with emphasizing
the natural surroundings, which can help and act as a medium in the development of
children's physical, social and creative skills. As well as taking into account the way of
children play for all ages of children that either directly or indirectly.
1.5Problem Statement
Long time ago, we can see a crowded group of children spending their play time
at the playground, however currently very seldom this land of view can be retrieved at
any playground area except for indoor playground in shopping complex. For the reason
that, in row of rapid development activity playground has been set up with modern and
colorful of play equipment, but it failed to attract the children to spend their time at there.
It’s a waste not only on the playground but also the space itself, where so much
coast have been put in develop a space for children have their time for play but in return
6DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
the space was empty and being there with no attraction. In addition, the main problem is
that, what we provided does not meet the demand of the children, no matter what
category of age. Whereas this circumstances, is likely as stamping method in providing
the playground area as it is compulsory requirement by the Landscape Architect.
Moreover, children were introduced to a variety of leisure time activities to fill
their time indoors. Children of today have restricted physical boundaries and less
opportunities for free play in the outdoor setting. These facts lead a great effect on
children's health and well-being which is the effect of childhood obesity are now
widespread in many Malaysian communities. In fact this problem is also related and
caused by physical issues and social issues in the study area.
1.5.1 Physical issue
The study area seem to have the play equipment that provided by local
authorities, where the position of play equipment are randomly placed and in other
word this playspace area separate and secluded, where this will effect difficulty of
children to play. From that reason child does not respond to the current playground
setting. Besides this is also due to the design of playground very typical and
obsolete, Children exposed only to the physical development of skills and body
strength thus cannot challenge the creativity of children in play.
1.5.2 Social issue
Playground is one of the important social context in which children meet,
interact and form relationship, but with the condition of current playground
nowadays, lack of opportunities for children to interact, inasmuch as the play
equipment and the design of the playground itself which failed in terms of social
interaction among children with nature and also failed in their relationships with
peers.
7DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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1.6Goal and Objective
1.6.1 Goal
Developing children’s physical, social and creative skill through their experience in
natural and man-made playscape environment.
1.6.2 Objectives
i. To provide outdoor design of playscape that can act as a medium for the
development of childhood.
ii. To solve the psychological and physical, needs and desires of children to
systematic playscape settings that stimulate the creativity of children.
iii. To encourage social interaction of children with their surroundings.
1.7Research Methodology
The methodology of this study involves the implementation stages of the research
will be conducted by the researcher. Several approaches will be used to obtain
detailed information to become a complete study. The whole study is divided into
three (3) levels:
1.7.1 First Stage
At this stage, it is an early study in which to emphasis on goals and objectives of
the study which to be identified before carrying out the next stage. As well in this
stage, the emphasis should be given to the preliminary study or to be scientific.
Some aspects need to taken into account, about the background of the study and
to reflect the current state of research to be more clearly. In addition, a number of
statements relating to the research problem must be identified. Indeed this is for all
of the problems will be addressed in accordance with the purpose of the study.
8DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
1.7.2 Second Stage
In this stage, it more emphasizes on the aspects of data collection. Which data
collection is generally divided into two (2) the primary data and secondary data.
i. Primary data
Primary data obtained from the survey conducted by the researcher. The data
was collected through two methods in terms of method of questionnaire and
observation methods.
a. Questionnaire method
Surveys was conducted to obtain information relating to the review of the
research which to be carried out. This is includes a survey about the
physical characteristics of the site and the element of conformity with the
study. In addition, a questionnaire was conducted to gain information and
feedback from respondents in the study area.
b. Observation method
Observation method is also conduct in order to observe the actual situation
of the study site in terms of physical condition of the site and the activities
and categories of users use the study area.
ii. Secondary data
Secondary data included information gathered from government departments and
also from other sources.
a. Government Departments
The government departments involved in this study is to obtain information
is Majlis Penbandaran Muar (MPM), and Jabatan Peparitan dan Saliran
daerah Muar. Which the required data as the study area plan, current land
9DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
use plan, existing development plans, policies and guidelines, if there is as
determined by the local authorities.
b. Other sources
The information collected and used by the existing data as the study done
by researchers previously either unpublished and published. Besides, the
information derived from reading materials such as books, magazines,
pamphlets and reading material from Internet sites associated with the
research topic
1.7.3 Third Stage
At this stage, the data analysis results of the survey will analyze. The Findings of
this study will be available after the primary information updated. Moreover the
results of this analysis will inform the best alternative action to implement the study
area. Whereby this alternative will eventually produce a landscape design proposal
that emphasized the study which is follow the topic of this research.
1.8Summary
Playing is the central of young children’s lives. Children used to have access to
their surrounding, whether it was the sidewalks, streets, alleys, and parks of the city,
streams and rural area. In all due fairness, if the effort to create this area, taking into
account and does not ignore the rights of children as consumers, as a result the area
will be function as the formation and development of children. Therefore, it is possible to
develop a design of playground that will fulfill the needs and demand of children in order
to achieve a friendly playscape environment toward a holistic child development.
10DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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2.0Literature Review and Reference Case
2.0Introduction
Literature review and reference case in this chapter are the methodology and
process that need to go thought in order to gain reference in term of principle, theories,
philosophy, design and others that relevant to conduct this topic. Regarding on
reference cases, some were chosen with similarity with surrounding, issue and problem
and design approach. Furthermore the issue, problem, method and approach will be
analyzed to designing child friendly playscape environment toward a holistic child
development. Other than that, is to strengthen the fact that a comprehensive
environmental of playing will result the effective development of children which is takes
into account about children's needs in terms of psychological and physical development.
2.1Children and play
Play is one of the methods in learning process. During play, children receive
information from the surrounding environment in line to use it in their physical and
mental development. By means of play, children learn and develop as individuals, and
as members of the community. Developmental benefits of play include creativity and
imagination, learning to solve problems, discovery, and ability to cooperate. In fact play
can be defined as freely chosen, personally directed, mostly motivated behavior that
actively engages the child (Mussen & Carmichael, 1983). Likewise for a child, outdoors
is the only possibility to exploring the surroundings. It is the outdoors where children can
freely experience their motor skills like running, jumping, climbing and also it is the most
appropriate area for performing manipulative skills such as swinging, lifting, and
balancing (METİN, 2003).
11DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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2.2Theories of play
The significance of play is considered by researchers from a variety of categories
including psychology, education, philosophy, and anthropology (METİN, 2003). As it is
stated in Table 1, shows a list of trigger theories about the reason to play on child
development:
Theories Reasons for play Benefits
Surplus Energy
H. SpencerTo discharge the natural energy of the body
Physical
Renewal of Energy
G.T.W. PatrickTo avoid boredom while the natural motor functions of the body are restored
Physical
Recapitulation
G.S. HallTo relive periods in the evolutionary history of the human species
Physical
Practice for Adulthood
K. GroosTo develop skills and knowledge necessary for functioning as an adult
Physical, intellectual
Psychoanalytic
S. Freud, A. Freud , E. Erikson
To reduce anxiety by giving a child a sense of control over the world and an acceptable way to express forbidden impulses
Emotional, social
Cognitive Developmental
J. Bruner, J. Piaget B. Sutton-Smith
To facilitate general cognitive development To consolidate learning that has already taken place while allowing for the possibility of new learning in a relaxed atmosphere
Intellectual, social
Arousal Modulation Emotional,
12DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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D.E. Berlyne, G. Fein H. Ellis
To keep the body at an optimal state of arousal To relieve boredom To reduce uncertainty
physical
Neuropsychological
O. Weininger, D. Fitzgerald
To integrate the functioning of the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Biological, intellectual
In all due fairness, childhood theorists see “play” as fundamental to human development and
emphasize its critical value for all children.
2.3The role of play in children development
In era of 1960s the playground was influenced by the theories of child
psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget as well as by modern landscape
architects. Whereby the stages of children development gained in consideration about
the psychology of children at play in the contemporary playground design, and also the
play equipment such as activity of playing that were help toward teaching children
through play began to be fostered in playground environments (Maraini, 2009). Besides,
according to (Elkind, 2007), from year to year, a lot of research has been conducted to
identify and determine the value and function of the park as an area for the
development of children. This is based out of the play, it helps children skill
development. Likewise, children teach themselves to move slowly, stand, and walk from
side to side from practice play.
Therefore playground is essential play hub for children development, because it
contributes to the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional of children. In which,
playground also offers an ideal opportunity for parents to engage fully with their children.
Despite the benefits derived from play in playground for both children and parents, time
for free play has been markedly as important way for children development (Kenneth R.
Ginsburg, MD, & MSEd, 2007). In additions more recent trend in playground design is
Table 2.1: Theories of Play, Source: (Hughes, 1995)
51DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
Photo 3.26: Archontophoenix alexandrae
Photo 3.25: Ptychosperma macarthurii
Photo 3.24: Livistona rotundifolia
52DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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3.2.6 Playground equipment
In the study area there are four area of playground which is integrated
playground area A and B, swing area and cycling area that consists of:
i. 4 set of integrated playground structure for children between the ages
of 2-12 years.
ii. 10 set of Swing equipment with 2 sit and 2m height.
iii. 3 set of seesaw equipment.
iv. 3 set of spring event equipment which has different shape and color,
specifically for children between the ages of 2-5 years.
However, integrated playground structure, swing, spring item, and see-saw only
contribute in muscle skill development and do not contribution of social, creative and
psychological development. Therefore the position of the playground equipment located
at random positions which lead most of children who came to the study area choose
play with natural setting rather then play equipment.
In addittion safety factor in the playground setting of study area were in low
condition of safety. It is because, the fall zone has covered only in the integrated
playground structure area. Whereas the footpath that connect between spaces are use
cement material. This low condition of safety will lead unsafe when children comes to
play and ristrict their movement and play activity.
Photo 3.27: set of integrated playground structure Photo 3.28: set of swing
53DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
Site boundary Legend
Photo 3.29: shows photo “p”, “q”, “r” and “s” the area of playground at study area
s
p
Map 3.7: show the location of community areas in the adjacent of the site
p
q
r
q r
s
Integrated playground A
Integrated playground A
Swing area
Cycling area
54DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
Photo 3.30: set of spring item Photo 3.31: set of see-saw
Photo 3.32: set of play structure that plays role in the formation of child muscle skill development
Photo 3.34: fall zone covered only in drop area
Photo 3.33: fall zone has covered only in drop area
Photo 3.35: pathway that connect between spaces are use cement material, which give unsafe condition for children in play
55DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
Site boundary Legend
3.3 Environmental inventory and analysis
3.3.1 Wind
The location of the study area were adjacent with Muar River which have
wind blow from north east with speed 2.53m/s all year. In fact, this is become the
reason why users come the study area. Hence this also gives potential to attract
more users to come and be one of the potential for the design.
3.3.2 Visual quality
The visual quality of the study area was base on Muar River itself, that
become one of the factor users from local and other area come to have recreational
time. Due to that the setting of matured trees at study area are also contribute to
the visual quality in the study area and attract users which is the setting of matured
trees that has influents calmness atmosphere.
Wind direction
Site boundary
Muar River
Map 3.8: shows the wind direction of study area
56DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
Photo 3.10: The view from study area to Masjid Sultan Ismail at across the Muar River
Photo 3.11: show the sunset view
Photo 3.9: the local people of Muar even from outsider come to the site to enjoy and have relaxation time. This gives big opportunities for the site to develop as playspace that can merge with the view of estuary
Good view
Map 3.9: shows the good view of study area
1
2
11
2 3
57DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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3.4Social context inventory and analysis
3.4.1 User profile
Tanjung Emas is an area for recreational purposes,
where is located in the town of Muar and adjacent to the
community area. Due to that, the study area is visited by adults
and children from local and outsider people, where the children
are dominate the total of users. From the reason that, the
observation has been conduct from weekday and weekend to
collect the info about user profile, where the percentage of
children almost 70% from the total of users. However the study
area did not provide proper facilities for adults, which led these
users, are just in one area only for certain time.
3.5SWOT analysis
Due to data collection from planning development in the local plan, the findings
from inventory analysis in the study area, in terms of physical, environmental and socio
culture factors. There are 4 major concerns that will benefit in the design process which
is as follow:
3.5.1 Strength
There are several aspects of physical strength in the study area that can be
used during the design process. In terms of geography, the study area is in the
strategic position because of close to the neighborhood area and also at the
adjacent with tourist attractions the Muar River and the Sultan Ibrahim Jamek
Mosque. Moreover there are mature trees and has the wind blown which almost all
the time, so that, the site strength can be used as a source of ideas in the proposed
design of the playground setting and the equipment.
58DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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3.5.2 Weakness
Several major aspects of physical weakness in the study area which the
connection of circulation between playscape that fail to connect users from one
playspace to another playspace. In addition the typical play equipment cannot
attract children to play and consequently limit the creativity and the development of
children.
3.5.3 Opportunities
The opportunities of the study area that can be determine as the
topography of study area itself, which can change to variety level and land form.
Otherwise the estuary view, wind and the setting of matured trees can take into
account in the design that can develop to the design of play equipment and the
play activity.
3.5.4 Threat
The spatial of study area can be determined as threat in the study area,
where it can restrict the children experience through spatial arrangement.
3.6Summary
From the documentation of inventory that has been done, the study area have
been analyzed for certain problems, threats and weakness. The study area is a
recreational area that focuses on the development of children by providing playgrounds
throughout the study area. Therefore the playground area that has been provided is not
meet the needs and desires of children to play creatively where it is only concerning
about development of children in term of muscle skill rather than psychology, social and
the creativity development of children. In fact there is no holistic approach in children in
term of concerning and respectful about natural surroundings. However the conditions
of the study area are filled with the mature trees, the exciting views of Muar River and
receive the wind at every time, were indirectly attracting more people and especially
children to stay longer at the study area.
59DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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4.0Synthesis 4.1Introduction
This section will synthesis all the assessment based on data collection from
chapter 1 to chapter 3. This section will also describe the recommendations or the
appropriate approach to resolve issues and problems beside lists out the strength of the
study area, which to assist and can be used during the design process. Therefore from
this synthesis will direct to the next planning process, where to create the area for
designing a child friendly playscape environment toward a holistic child development at
Tanjung Emas Muar, Johor.
4.2Potential of study area
From the reference study, it is possible to develop the study area as a potential
area for child development. Therefore from finding, the study area believes has potential
as a center recreation that focuses on the needs of the child and also consider about
the needs of other users. In fact the development of specific areas of child development
process will brings a positive impact on the study area, if the development planned
strictly. Moreover this area has the potential to play a role in two forms, which serve as
the child development that takes into account the natural values and they serve as an
area to generate the holistic and creativity for children's minds.
4.2.1 Physical aspect
4.2.1.1 Land use
In terms of geography, the study area is in the strategic
position because the adjacent with the community area,
institutional area (Sekolah Rendah Agama Arab) and the tourist
attractions, which is the Muar River and the Sultan Ibrahim
Jamek Mosque. Due to that, the distant from community area to
the study area is between 80meter to 400 meter and from the
Sekolah Rendah Agama Arab between 50 meter to 100 meter.
Consequently lead and give potential for users to come to the
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study area. In other hand, the adjacent of tourist attractions also
lead users from local and outsider come to the study area.
Photo 4.3: shows the tourist attractions Muar River that attract users come to the study area
Photo 4.2: shows the institutional area (Sekolah Rendah Agama Arab) adjacent study area that situated at east of study area
Photo 4.1: shows the community area which consist of of high-density and medium-density of residential.
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4.2.1.2 Topography
The study area has flat topography that covered the whole
area of study area which is the percentage of slope mostly less
than 2%. This flat topography can be seen as a potential to the
study area where it has opportunity to develop as various
landform and level. For the reason that the various landform can
contribute to the holistic development of children as well as
creativity development.
4.2.1.3 Vegetation
Most of the tress in the study area is matured trees that
consist of Samanea saman and Casuarina equisetifolia and
have been preserving and maintain until now. Due to that, these
Photo 4.4: shows the tourist attractions Sultan Ibrahim Jamek Mosque that adjacent with study area
Photo 4.5: shows flat topography of study area that can develop to various landform
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matured trees are very potential in term of holistic approach
among children, which it can be part of the design and play
equipment.
4.2.2 Environment aspect
4.2.2.1 Wind
The windblown from north east with speed 2.53m/s all
year, which is study area become windy at every day. This also
becomes the factor for the users come to the study area. Due to
that this natural element can contribute to the development of
play equipment of children. Therefore any development should
not block the ventilation of wind trough to study area.
Photo 4.6: shows the setting of the study area that allow the ventilation of wind trough to study area
Photo 4.6: shows matured trees that can be a part of the design
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4.2.2.2 Visual quality
The study area receives good view from Muar River itself
and has lead attraction to the users from local and outsider to
the study area. Other than that, settings of matured trees at
study area are also contributed to give good visual quality in the
study area that has influents calmness atmosphere. From that
reason any development and the design should not blocking the
view and also the suitable facilities will be needed.
4.2.3 Social context aspect
4.2.3.1 User profile
Children are dominating the total of users, which from
70% of total users of the study area. Therefore this is because
of main purpose of study area, which has provides area for
Photo 3.10: The view from study area to Masjid Sultan Ismail at across the Muar River
Photo 3.11: show the sunset view
Photo 3.9: shows the view toward Muar River
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Create interaction for children and other user to use road space and playspace
Road
lack of attractive playspace area
good view
Wind direction
Lack of connection between playspace
Children also play at roadside
No barrier
Sungai Muar
A
A’
A A ’
children having their play time. The design development should
focusing in term of enhancing and providing the suitable space
for children enjoying their time at the study area.
illustration 4.1: shows the entrance area that lack of attraction and interaction between spaces (road and playspace) and also unsecure playspace – children also play at roadside. Where this area needs to create a friendly playscape that child can freely play in playscape setting. Therefore the connection between playspace need to enhance for users easily access and also use the good view and Wind direction of site as part of the design of playspace.
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Focal point Focal point
Create interaction
Food court area – the design fail to merge with the surrounding and lack of interaction
Typical play equipment design can’t give real experience to users(children) trough the site strength
Good view
wind direction
Sungai Muar
road Playspace
Food court
Boring topography – can’t challenge the imagination of children in play
B
B B ’
Good view
Lack of attraction for kids use the play structure Lack of facilities for other users
Lack of connection between playspace
Typical playground play equipment – create a friendly playscape environment
Create interaction
playspace
road playspace
Lack of connection between playspace wind
direction
Sungai Muar
C
C’
C C ’
illustration 4.5: shows the Playspace and Food Court area that the spatial arrangement of the site (focal point) lack of interaction between spaces that restrict user to explore the site that cause a boring atmosphere. In fact flat topography gives some kind of boring environment for children to explore the site and limit the potential of children development
illustration 4.6: shows Between Playspace area that play structure and playspace fail to connect between children and other users and also create unsuitable place for children development. Therefore the design should use the site strength (estuary view) to develop new atmosphere for playspace and merge with surrounding
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4.3Summary
To sum up the foregoing, the synthesis has been done in this chapter, the
summary that can be made is the study area which is Tanjung Emas can be develop as
an area that focusing on development of children. Therefore the design will be
considering about the strength of study area itself that can be blending with the design
and provide new approach for development of children. Likewise the formatting of new
play equipment, play activity and spaces arrangement will be provide regarding the
synthesis that has been done.
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Mostly, the background of the entire story in “Malay Folklore” was setting of natural
environment and it also use natural sources as part of imagination to develop the
sequent of the story itself. Moreover the flow of how “Malay Folklore” delivers the
implied content about the massage and useful advice from each story, which base on
adaptation of natural element such as plant, animal, earth, water and including human
itself that use as presenter in the story. Indeed the “Malay Folklore” concept act as a
new approach to be injected to the current state of the study area, which requires the
story in the “Malay Folklore” to attractive playscape with creative activities.
5.6Design theme
The theme use in designing a child friendly playscape environment toward a
holistic child development is “The Wit of Legendary Sang Kancil”, which is the story in
“Malay Folklore”. “The Wit of Legendary Sang Kancil”, is story about Sang Kancil
who has creative thinking that can use the natural environment either in the danger and
leisure situation. Therefore, there are various stories about Sang Kancil in “Malay
Natural setting
Plant Water Earth Wind
Sources of imagination
Study area potential and opportunities
Malay folklore (concept)
figure 5.2: show the flow chart of natural element as sources to produce concept
70DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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Folklore”, where the massage of the story is about to overcome every situation with the
creative thinking.
5.6.1 Design sub-theme
Therefore, in this theme “The Wit of Legendary Sang Kancil”, three stories
about Sang Kancil were chosen as sub-theme, which is “Sang Kancil dengan
Harimau”, “Sang Kancil dengan Buaya”, and “Sang Kancil dengan Kerbau”. These
sub-themes will be applied to the each playscape in the study area that to generate the
creativity of children in play where the connection of sub-theme will connect by other
sub-theme which is the story of “Jambatan pelangi”.
5.6.1.1 Jambatan pelangi
The story of “Jambatan pelangi” is about a Prince of
heaven is like to play on the natural setting of earth from an
early age until crowned as the King of Heaven, through a
rainbow bridge with his follower, and always bring along a gold
Malay folklore (concept)
The Wit of Legendary Sang Kancil (theme)
Sang Kancil dengan Harimau (sub-theme)
Sang Kancil dengan Buaya (sub-theme)
Sang Kancil dengan Kerbau
(sub-theme)
Jambatan pelangi (sub-theme)
figure 5.3: show the flow chart of theme and the connecting of each sub-theme
connect connect
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“Alam kayangan” Earth Well
Fairy tale
Castle area
Color
Environment setting
Landform
Water Fresh
bucket for bath at well after having play. So that, the
implementation of this story to the study area base on the
sequent of the story that will be apply as playscape area and as
linkages to each area (others sub-theme) with the color of
rainbow as main attraction, learning method and play equipment
for kids to play.
illustration 5.1: show the sub-theme “Jambatan pelangi”
figure 5.4: show the diagram of space category base on sub-theme the story “Jambatan pelangi”
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5.6.1.2 Sang Kancil dengan Harimau
The first Sang Kancil story is “Sang Kancil dengan
Harimau” which is about “Sang Harimau” in anger feeling
searching “Sang Kancil” with “Sang Kancil” smell. Due to that,
“Sang Kancil” tricks “Sang Harimau” who was angry to
overcome and escape the danger situation with the surrounding.
“Sang Kancil” manipulate the natural surroundings to create
creative solution in spontaneous. Therefore the implementation
to the study area base on habitat of “Sang Harimau” which is at
forest area, where the playscape setting should have forest and
big trees that can give forest environment. Beside that the anger
felling of “Sang Harimau” and the smell of “Sang Kancil” can
convert as type of activity and play equipment that need some
nerve in play. In addition the spontaneous thinking of “Sang
kancil” will be useful as how children use their mind for play
creatively.
illustration 5.2: show the sub-theme “Sang Kancil dengan Harimau”
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Area with smell Excitement area Bee’s area
Smell
Landform
Spontaneous solution
Unexpected
Pleasure Fast
5.6.1.3 Sang Kancil dengan Buaya
The second “Sang Kancil” story is “Sang Kancil dengan
Buaya”, which is the flow of this story is about “Sang Kancil”
who hungry and try to find some food to eat, and suddenly
found it at the land across of river. “Sang Kancil” could not cross
the river by himself and get some ideas, which trick “Sang
Buaya” to help him cross the river. Likewise the implementation
of this story to the study area is base on the habitat of “Sang
Buaya” at river, where the location of this sub-theme should be
located near the river. The idea creative of “Sang Kancil” trick
Sang Buaya can be demonstrate as the arrangement of play
equipment. Furthermore the attractive of food that “Sang Kancil”
really wants to, can use as play activity that need children try to
get it with their creative thinking in play.
figure 5.3: show the diagram of space category base on sub-theme the story “Sang Kancil dengan Harimau”
74DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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illustration 5.3: show the sub-theme “Sang Kancil dengan Buaya”
figure 5.3: show the diagram of space category base on sub-theme the story “Sang Kancil dengan Buaya”
Lawn area River with Sang Buaya
Fruit area
Green area
Landform
Counting
Water
Pleasure Color
Scale
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5.6.1.4 Sang Kancil dengan Kerbau
The third “Sang Kancil” story is “Sang Kancil dengan
Kerbau”, where in this story tell about “Sang Kerbau” who helps
“Sang Buaya” to remove stump tree from “Sang Buaya” back.
However “Sang Buaya” rewarded the help that “Sang Kerbau”
give by bite his leg, because “Sang Kerbau” is just like a food to
“Sang Buaya”. Due to that “Sang Kerbau” screams and asks
help from “Sang Kancil”. “Sang Kancil” use his intelligent mind
to overcome the situation with some trick to save “Sang Kerbau”
from “Sang Buaya”. So that, the implementation this sub-theme
to the study area is base on the habitat of “Sang Kerbau” which
is at paddy field where the setting of playscape covered with
long grass. Moreover the situation when “Sang Buaya bite Sang
Kerbau” can be apply as the area that need get some food, and
also the stump that have trampled at “Sang Buaya” back can
use as play equipment. Besides the help from “Sang Kerbau”
and “Sang Kancil” give is also can be use as the play activity
that need some group to play that need each other to play.
illustration 5.4: show the sub-theme “Sang Kancil dengan Kerbau”
76DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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Grass area Conflict area Run
Long grass
Landform
Spontaneous solution
Unexpected
Pleasure Fast
5.7Design implementations
5.7.1 Relationship diagram
figure 5.4: show the diagram of space category base on sub-theme the story “Sang Kancil dengan Kerbau”
Scale
plan 5.1: show the relationship diagram connection of spaces
active
passive
active
active
semi active
Passive areaSemi active area
active area
Site boundary
sang kancil
dengan buaya playsp
ace
sang kancil
dengan kerbau playsp
ace
sang kancil
dengan harima
u playspa
ce
Jambatan pelangi
playspace
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5.7.2 Schematic diagram
Spontaneous tress
windy
Alam kayangan
smelling
Cooling well
Down to earth
Fruit landColor land
Long grass
Road
Conflict with who
parking
active
active
passive
semi active
sang kancil denga
n kerbau playsp
ace
Jambatan pelangi
playspace
sang kancil denga
n buaya playsp
ace
sang kancil denga
n harima
u playsp
ace
plan 5.2: show the refine relationship diagram with the type of playscape spaces
sang kancil denga
n harima
u playsp
acesang kancil denga
n kerbau playsp
ace
sang kancil denga
n buaya playsp
ace
Jambatan pelangi
playspace
parking
Rest in forest
Smelling area
well garden
Excitement land
Win land
promenade
promenade
promenade
fairy land
tree slide
Fantasy wallDeck mound
greenRainbow bridge
lawn
Wooden bedFood
court
Free run
Green slope
Tree pillar swingpromen
adeRiver with crocodile
Playing with scaleparking
Color land
parking
plan 5.3: show the refine relationship schematic diagram with the program in each playscape spaces
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5.7.3 Preliminary plan
5.8Design proposal
plan 5.5: show the final preliminary plan
plan 5.4: show the preliminary plan
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5.8.1 Master plan
Pla
n 5
.6: s
how
the
Mas
ter
plan
with
the
prog
ram
in e
ach
play
sca
pe s
pac
es
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There are 4 playscape areas in the master plan regarding the design
implementation of the design concept and theme to the study area, which is Laman
Pelangi, Laman Rimba, Laman Sungai, and Laman Bendang. The formation of these
playscape areas are connecting with each other, where the Laman pelangi area act as
bridge that connect with others 3 playscape, which located at the center of the study
area. Due to that, the juxtaposition of Laman pelangi at the center of the study area
was formerly as “Dataran”, which the places most users gather due to the certain
function in every weekday and weekend, so the existing function of the area were
maintain and blend with the sub-theme to channel the users to go others playscape
area which is, Laman Rimba, Laman Sungai, and Laman Bendang.
illustration 5.5: show rainbow bridge at Laman Pelangi
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illustration 5.5: show land of the wind activity at Laman Rimba
illustration 5.6: show tree pillar swing activity at Laman Sungai
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illustration 5.5: show the resting area activity at Laman Sungai
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illu
stra
tio
n 5
.5:
show
the
sect
ion
elev
atio
n o
f La
man
Rim
ba
illu
stra
tio
n 5
.5:
show
the
sect
ion
elev
atio
n o
f La
man
Pel
angi
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illu
stra
tio
n 5
.5:
show
the
sect
ion
elev
atio
n o
f La
man
Ben
dang
illu
stra
tio
n 5
.5:
show
the
sect
ion
elev
atio
n o
f La
man
Sun
gai
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5.9Playspace zoning and design guideline
In order to own a specific development of children, the child must have the
opportunity to playing in a variety of situations and circumstance. This can be done by
manipulating and using four playspace as provided.
a) Laman pelangi
The Laman pelangi area is adaptation from sub-theme of “Jambatan pelangi”
where in this playspace contain three play activity with several play equipment that
reflect the sequent of the story “Jambatan pelangi” such as:-
plan 5.7: show the enlargement Laman pelangi (sub-theme “Jambatan pelangi”)
Fairy land
Rainbow Bridge
Tree slide
Fantasy
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I. Fairy land activity
This activity is about the land which most likely stranded with vast
view towards the skyline and natural area, where purposely for
users have leisure in viewing estuary of Muar River. In addition this
activity is as holistic approach for children having their time to
understand and have interaction to the nature environment. This
activity is also for children freely use their creativity in play with their
peer and family member in open lawn space which is, indirectly to
gain social development.
Guidelines recommendation:-
Lawn space must be design as mounding with fine grass
texture.
View toward Muar River must be clear from any structure
and with no obstacle.
No structures are allowed such as garden furniture to be
place in this area, which for users and children especially to
move and play freely.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
II. Tree slide activity
The “tree slide activity” is about the activity that using the existing
matured trees as part of play equipment. The matured tree itself will
attach with man-made sliding, so that children are allow playing
with matured tree by climbing the tree first then slide with the
sliding. Thus this activity needs children straggle using their
strength of arm and knee, where this is indirectly helps the physical
development of children.
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Guidelines recommendation:-
High of sliding equipment must be 2meter with 45° from
ground and attach to the trees.
The area below the sliding and trees must be planted with
rough texture grass to adsorb pressure when children arrive
at the fall zone.
The color of sliding must be paint with light yellow color for
attraction purposed.
The material of sliding must be use plastic for long lasting
usage and free maintenance.
The trees must be free from damages.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
III. Fantasy wall activity
There is wall structure with netting at the base, where the activity is
to need children climb the wall using netting to get at the top of the
wall. Therefore the attraction of this activity is about the wall
structure also act as view tower, so that users or children who want
to get at the top of this structure either needs to using stair or
netting. Due to that, the “fantasy wall activity” is also indirectly
contributed for physical development of children, which is children
need children using their strength of arm and knee. However the
beneficial from this activity to children is also as holistic to children,
which is when children get at top wall structure they will view all
over the place, so from that indirectly built sense of value and
appreciating the natural surroundings.
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Guidelines recommendation:-
Wall structure must be constructing at 4meter height from
ground level.
Each wall must be paint with rainbow color
The material of tower must be use chengal wood and iron
which blend with environment and for long lasting usage.
The netting equipment must be tight attached from ground
surface to wall structure with 45°.
The netting color must be bright red color for attraction
purposed.
The material of netting must be use fabricate custom panels
using knotted polyester nets and high-tenacity polypropylene
netting (HTPP) which lasts longer in outdoor.
The ground area below the netting and wall structure must
be planted with rough texture grass to adsorb pressure.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
IV. Rainbow bridge activity
The activity is about the undulating sliding in various color of
rainbow, where this activity act as channel kids to other area of
playscape. The sliding is covered by turf on its surface and it will be
deference and will be attractive to users and children to play it. The
idea of this activity is also need children use their imagination how
to use this sliding, where either as walk and run, slide or in others
creative method. This activity gives children opportunity to gain
physical and creative development while using the sliding. However
this sliding is also very useful at night, because each sliding with
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color of rainbow will glow and give visible to this area for kids to
play at night.
Guidelines recommendation:-
High of sliding equipment must be one and half meter with
radius that can give smooth sliding for users use.
The material of sliding must be use plastic for long lasting
usage and free maintenance.
The color of each sliding must be paint with red, blue, yellow,
purple and orange color, which using the color "glow in the
dark" technology.
The surface material must be use blue color “rubber mats”
for safety purposed.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
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b) Laman Rimba
The Laman Rimba area is adaptation from sub-theme of “Sang Kancil dengan
Harimau” where in this playspace contain three play activity with several play
equipment that reflect the sequent of the story “Sang Kancil dengan Harimau” such
as:-
I. Spontaneous tree activity
This activity is about the area which has several matured trees that
joining by elastic netting equipment. So that the purposed netting
are installed between tress is to blending the play equipment to the
natural setting, where the trees itself can act as part of play
equipment. This elastic netting equipment give an effect bouncing
so, the kids especially play this equipment by jumping, climb, and
get something creative way of play that give opportunity indirectly
plan 5.8: show the enlargement plan Laman Rimba (sub-theme “Sang Kancil dengan Harimau”
Spontaneous
Land of the wind
Rest in forest
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for children gain creative, physical and social development.
Moreover the joining of this equipment to trees as holistic for
children, which can value the trees as part of their play
environment. This activity is also having step sloping area where,
children need to struggle going the top of slope by using the
strength of their arm knee and strong will with by rope as provided.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The netting equipment must be tight attached from ground
surface to each tree with 30°-45°, with 1meter to 2meter
from ground level.
The netting color must be bright yellow color for attraction
purposed.
The material of netting must be use fabricate custom panels
using knotted polyester nets and high-tenacity polypropylene
netting (HTPP) which lasts longer in outdoor.
The rope are using in this activity must long lasting material
and planted to the ground.
The area below the netting equipment and trees must be
planted with rough texture grass to adsorb pressure when
children arrive at the fall zone.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
The forest trees will be need here such as Antidesma
cuspidatum, Khana hookeriana, Diospyros pilosanthera and
clausitaia excavatoa for apply forest surrounding and attract
bird.
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II. Land of the wind activity
There is structure for this activity which purposely for capture the
blowing winds from the river. Due to that, this structure has various
kinds of wind holes that can produce unique sound when the wind
get trough. Indeed this activity also, can produce some kind
imagination and creative thinking for children to hear and seek with
various sounds, that indirectly children will gain creative
development.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The surface of any structure must be covered with rubber
mats with specific color that match with the design proposal
The surface of ground level must be covered with fine
texture of grass
The forest trees will be need here such as Antidesma
cuspidatum, Khana hookeriana, Diospyros pilosanthera and
clausitaia excavatoa for apply forest surrounding and attract
bird.
Any of sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
III. Rest in forest activity
The “rest forest activity” is purposely for resting activity which
underneath close canopy of forest trees that give a sense of
calmness for the users who need resting time. Therefore the
location of this resting area is facing to Muar River, which gives
suitable place for parents who have brought their children to play.
Furthermore this area also contributes to social development of
children, where the interaction between family members will be
happen.
93DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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Guidelines recommendation:-
The forest trees will be need here such as Antidesma
cuspidatum, Khana hookeriana, Diospyros pilosanthera and
clausitaia excavatoa for apply forest surrounding and attract
bird.
The surface of ground level must be covered with fine
texture of grass
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
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c) Laman Sungai
The Laman Sungai area is adaptation from sub-theme of “Sang Kancil dengan
buaya” where in this playspace contain four play activity with several play equipment
that reflect the sequent of the story “Sang Kancil dengan Buaya” such as:-
I. Playing with scale activity
This activity is about the area occupied with difference scale of
artificial tree trunk which is the arrangement of this play equipment
are install to the ground. Therefore, the “artificial tree trunk” install
with close and loose distant with each “artificial tree trunk” to
produce cramped space, where the way of playing this play
plan 5.8: show the enlargement plan Laman Rimba (sub-theme “Sang Kancil dengan Harimau”
Playing with scale
Color land
Slope is green
Tree pillar swing
95DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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equipment will be needed children play with cooperative play with
others peer. Due to that, children need hide and seek with go
through the cramped space between “artificial tree trunks” to find
their friends. This activity give opportunities for children improve
their social interaction between their peer.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The “artificial tree trunks” (play equipment) must be covered
with soft material.
The distant of “artificial tree trunks” that install to the ground
must be allowed children to trough passing.
The surface of ground level must be covered mix up with fine
and rough texture of grass.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
II. Slope is green activity
There is various level and sloping spot area for this activity that
purposely need children to do and play with their way in play, so
that this activity indirectly will beneficial to develop children creative
development. In addition, this activity has several sculpture of
“Sang Buaya” that very attractive and unique figure are place
randomly, which whoever users or children come to this area of
activity must go under beneath the sculpture of “Sang Buaya”
mouth. In fact these sculptures at night are also produce light for
children and users are able to play.
Guidelines recommendation:-
Spot area of sloping must be random with 0.5meter to
1.5meter height.
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The sculpture of “Sang Buaya” must place in random with
height 1.5meter from ground level.
The surface of ground level must be covered mix up with fine
and rough texture of grass.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
The forest trees will be need here such as Antidesma
cuspidatum, Khana hookeriana, Diospyros pilosanthera and
clausitaia excavatoa for attract bird.
III. Tree pillar swing activity
The “tree pillar swing activity” is about the activity that using the
artificial tree trunk that will install to the ground and swing in
between. So that the way of playing this play equipment are same
as any swing equipment and the difference about of this swing is
about the material that give attraction to this swing, which is the
swing pillar that look like tree trunk and swing itself is plastic tubing
and fiber optic lighting. Due to that this swing will be illuminating
and also gives possibility to play at night.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The pillar of swing must be install quarter of height to the
ground
The height of this play equipment must be install at 2meter
height.
The “artificial tree trunks” (swing pillar) must be covered with
soft material.
The surface of swing beneath must be covered with rough
texture of grass.
97DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
IV. Color land activity
There is various color that covered at the area are formerly as road
with difference of level for each color. This activity purposely for
children plays in free way by choosing the color which one they
want. Due to this activity indirectly will form a group of children by
color, indeed it’s also helps to develop physiological development
of children in term of emotion. Hence the difference level of this
area give opportunities for children gain the physical development
indirectly, which is when kids their strength of leg.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The surface of this area must using rubber mats with
difference color
The level of each color must rise from ground level with
0.1meter to 0.5meter height.
Turf grass are using must be grass with fine and rough
texture of grass.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
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d) Laman Bendang
The Laman Bendang area is adaptation from sub-theme of “Sang Kancil
dengan Kerbau” where in this playspace contain three play activity with several play
equipment that reflect the sequent of the story “Sang Kancil dengan Kerbau” such as:-
I. Deck mound green activity
Deck mound green activity is containing the wooden deck that
separate by mounding. The way to play this activity is by freely play
ways, so children need to use their imagination to play on this deck,
where this will indirectly contribute to the creative development of
children. In addition the attraction of this activity is bases on the
uniqueness of deck that appear from mounding. Furthermore, there
plan 5.8: show the enlargement plan Laman Rimba (sub-theme “Sang Kancil dengan Harimau”
99DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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is the quarter of football court will fill with long grass, that
encourage children and teenage to play creatively on this football
court.
Guidelines recommendation:-
Turf grass must use long grass.
The material of tower must be use chengal wood and which
blend with environment and for long lasting usage.
The area of mounding must be at 0.5meter to 1.5meter
height.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
II. Resting land activity
The “resting area activity” is purposely for resting activity which
surrounding by matured trees and forest trees that can attract bird.
However there is play equipment place at this resting activity area,
where while parents get some rest their children can play freely, so
from the composition of this activity will give benefit to the social
development indirectly. In addition the all of play equipment at this
area will very useful at night, because each of play equipment will
glow and give visible to this area for kids to play at night.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The forest trees will be need here such as Antidesma
cuspidatum, Khana hookeriana, Diospyros pilosanthera and
clausitaia excavatoa for apply forest surrounding and attract
bird.
The surface of ground level must be covered with fine
texture and long grass.
100DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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The netting equipment must be tight attached from ground
surface to each tree with 30°-45°, with 1meter to 2meter
from ground level.
The netting color must be bright blue color for attraction
purposed.
The material of netting must be use fabricate custom panels
using knotted polyester nets and high-tenacity polypropylene
netting (HTPP) which lasts longer in outdoor.
The color of play equipment must be paint with difference
color, which using the color "glow in the dark" technology.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
III. Wooden bed activity
The “wooden bed activity” is occupied with difference scale of
sponge artificial tree trunk which is the arrangement and positions
of this artificial tree trunk are randomly installed to the ground.
Therefore these artificial tree trunks are actually made from
material of “sponge High quality”. Due to that, the way of this
activity are play by using strength of all of body part to struggle to
stable their position while on sponge artificial tree trunk. This
activity gives opportunities for children to gain physical
development.
Guidelines recommendation:-
The sponge artificial tree trunk must be use sponge High
quality material with cover with “Silicone Rubber Sponge
Strip” to ensure the resistance.
The color of sponge artificial tree trunk must be use various
color that can attract children.
101DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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The surface of ground level must be covered with fine
texture and long grass.
The forest trees will be need here such as Antidesma
cuspidatum, Khana hookeriana, Diospyros pilosanthera and
clausitaia excavatoa for apply forest surrounding and attract
bird.
Any sharp edges of trees braches, structures and play
equipment must be avoid.
Any materials are use must be UV- and chemical-resistant
which lasts longer in outdoor.
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DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
5.10 General design guideline
The general design guideline will be apply and focusing to the design and safety
features that will be needed at every playscape.
5.10.1 Footpath
The construction of a footpath has to consider land use and side-visual
resources.
The minimum width footpath must be 1 meter and made from rubber mat
material and concrete in-situ with pebble wash finish.
The every edge of footpath must be clear edge to lawn surface to safety
purpose.
5.10.2 Gazebo
The design of gazebo must follow the design concept of the study area.
Gazebo will be place at each playspace.
The construction of gazebo must using chengal wood and “jerami” as roof.
Wood color must be applied to the gazebo for blending gazebo structure
with surrounding.
5.10.3 Benches The design of benches must follow the design concept of study area.
The construction of a benches must using polyethylene material
The length of bench (2 meter x 0.5 meter)
The every edge of bench will construct with smooth edge.
5.10.4 Rubbish bin The design of rubbish bin must follow the design concept of study area.
The construction of a rubbish bin must using long lasting material.
Must be placed at every area of playspace.
5.10.5 Lighting
103DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
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The design must follow the design concept of study area.
All types of lighting elements to be approval of a qualified body such as
SIRIM, or other recognized body government to ensure the quality and
characteristics safety of consumers.
Prevent provides extreme elements and dazzling lighting, particularly in
the area of road and footpath.
The proposed materials such as steel stainless, Galvanise steel, zinc and
stainless steel paint, anodized aluminum, copper or silver is resistant to
acid, natural materials like wood, a combination of light sculpture,
ceramics
Must be placed at every area of playspace.
5.10.6 Information board The design must follow the design concept of study area.
The information must be place at each area of playscape for information to
the users.
5.10.7 Vegetation The planting area must follow the design concept of study area.
Use densely planted blocks of species in a simple layout, where possible
with a barrier along the rear to discourage through traffic.
Using various flowering type of shrubs and odor type.
The tree must give good shade
Any sharp brunches of trees and shrubs must cut smoothly for safety
purposed.
5.11 Conclusion
104DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
In all due fairness, the concept of “Malay Folklore” has been use in order to
designing a child friendly playscape toward a holistic child development at Tanjung
Emas Muar Johor. Indeed the implementing of the concept “Malay Folklore” to the study
area, the theme of “The Wit of Legendary Sang kancil” successful fill the need and
desire of children in term of play equipment and play activity. Therefore base the
concept and theme, children will indirectly assist their development in term of physical,
social, and creative development while enjoying their time playing play equipment and
play activity. In fact the holistic approach are also successful apply among children,
where base on the synthesis about the natural setting has been preserve and enhance
to be a part of play equipment accordingly base on the design concept and theme.
Due to that, the designs are also consider about safety factor, where in any of the
play equipment and the playspace should take into account about to avoid the sharp
edges of tress branches, structure and play equipment. Whereas the fall zone or area
that need safety landing will use “rubber mat” and also turf grass with rough texture.
Likewise the materials of play equipment use in each of play equipment are from UV-
and chemical-resistant which lasts longer in outdoor setting. With good judgment,
parent can let their children playing creatively and explore the whole area of playspace
with low supervision.
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105DESIGNING A CHILD FRIENDLY PLAYSCAPE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD A HOLISTIC CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AT TANJUNG EMAS MUAR JOHOR
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