Designer Drugs Testing Solutions for Employers

Designer Drug Tests Solutionsfor Employers

SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA UPDATE

K2/Spice

K2/Spice

Marijuana

Most popular recreational drug after alcohol and tobacco.

Main psychoactive component THC

#1 Drug in the DRE program

Some 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 14 million do so regularly.

Possession and use illegal under federal law, but states have variable policies on enforcement and prosecution.

6.8% of Friday and Saturday evening drivers test positive for use.

K2/Spice

What is K2/Spice?•Synthetic chemicals that look to the brain like marijuana.•Sprayed onto plant material for smoking.•Give marijuana-like high•Sold online and in headshops•Legal grey area

K2/Spice

• Chemicals used change frequently.

• Different products with same name contain different chemicals.

• The same product from the same manufacturer contains different drug, lot to lot.

K2/Spice

Synthetic Cannabinoids 2010• JWH-018• JWH-073• CP 47, 497 (C7)• CP 47,497 (C8)• HU-210

Synthetic Cannabinoid 2012

JWH-007JWH-015JWH-018JWH-018 methyl hexyl homologJWH-019JWH-073JWH-073 methyl butyl homologJWH-081JWH-122JWH-133JWH-175JWH-200JWH-201JWH-203JWH-210JWH-250JWH-251JWH-302JWH-398

CP 47, 497 (C7)CP 47,497 (C8) CP 55,940AM-694AM-1220AM-1241AM-2201AM-2233RCS-4RCS-8WIN 48,098 (Pravadoline)WIN 55,212-2WIN 55,212-3CB-25CB-52

HU-210HU-211HU-308HU-331JT-7770

Legal Status - FederalTemporary Scheduling3/1/2011 – Synthetic Cannabinoids–JWH-018–JWH-073–JWH-200–CP47,497 (C7)–CP47,497 (C8)

Marijuana/K2 EffectsRed eyes / bloodshotBurning of the eyes Xerostomia (dry mouth) TachycardiaChanges in perception/mood Balance and CoordinationHallucinations Sedation Subjective thought disruption/loss of concentrationImpaired sense of timeSelf assessed impairment ArrhythmiasSeizures/ConvulsionsPanic AttacksParanoia and AnxietySickness

K2/Spice Prevalence

NFLIS, Oct 2011

Calls to Poison Control Centers

K2/Spice Behavioral Effects

K2/Spice and Lethality

Synthetic Cannabinoid Metabolites Screen - Expanded, Urine (Forensic) Test (9562U)

• JWH-018 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) metabolite• JWH-018 N-(5-hydroxypentyl) metabolite• JWH-019 N-(5-hydroxyhexyl) metabolite• JWH-073 N-(3-hydroxybutyl) metabolite• JWH-073 N-(4-hydroxybutyl) metabolite• JWH-250 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) metabolite• AM-2201 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) metabolite

OO

N

OH

Urine K2/Spice – Expanded Scope

Urine K2/Spice - Positivity

Blood K2/Spice - Positivity

“BATH SALTS” UPDATE

Designer Drugs1980’s

-methylfentanyl, MPPP, MDMA,

1990’s, early 2000’s

PMA, rise of methamphetamine

Growth of the Internet

Beginnings of the “Research Chemicals” or “New Psychedelic” Movement.

Mid 2000’s

AMT, DMT, 5-MeO-DiPT

Khat, cathinone, methcathinone

Designer Stimulants and Hallucinogens

2008-2012

Benzylpiperazines (6+)BZP, TFMPP, m-CPP

“Bath Salts”-Keto amphetamines (30+)

Ephedrone, mephedrone, methylone, methedrone…

Phenethylamines (2C suite) (15+)

2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-B, 2C-T-7,…

Pyrrolidophenones (pyrovalerones) (20+)

-PVP, MDPV, PPP,…

Designer Stimulants and Hallucinogens

Bath Salts Products

Bath Salts Effects

ExcitementEuphoriaTachycardiaIncreased pupil sizeRapid SpeechMotor RestlessnessAnxietyParanoia

Mood Changes

Withdrawal/DepressionDelusionsHallucinationsSeizures/ConvulsionsDeath

MethEcstasy Bath Salts

Bath Salts - Prevalence

NFLIS, Oct 2011

Calls to Poison Control Centers

Legal Status - FederalTemporary Scheduling10/21/2011 “Bath Salts”

–MDPV

–Mephedrone

–Methylone

Bath Salts and Depression

Bath Salts and Violence

Bath Salts Lethality

Designer Drugs - Salvia

ANABOLIC STEROIDS UPDATE

Designer Drugs

Designer Drugs

Anabolic Steroids

Mimic Effects of Testosterone and DihydrotestosteroneIncrease protein synthesisBuildup of muscleStimulate bone growthStimulate AppetiteTreat Chronic Wasting Cause acneElevate cholesterolHypertension

Heart and Liver damageGynecomastiaTesticular atrophyMood changes/DepressionAngerViolence

9305U Anabolic Steroid Assay

• Bolasterone • Boldenone • Clenbuterol • Clostebol Metabolite • Clostebol • Creatinine • Drostanolone Metabolite • Epitestosterone • Fluoxymesterone • Methandienone Metabolite • Methandienone • Methenolone • Methyltestosterone • Nandrolone Metabolite • Nandrolone

• Nandrolone

• Norandrostenedione

• Norethandrolone Metabolite

• Norethandrolone

• Norethindrone

• Oxandrolone

• Oxymetholone Metabolite

• Probenecid

• Stanozolol Metabolite

• Stanozolol

• Testosterone/Epitestosterone Ratio

• Testosterone

• Tetrahydrogestrinone

• Trenbolone Metabolite

• Turinabol

Urine Detection Times for Steroids

Compound DetectionClenbuterol ~4 daysTestosterone Undecanoate ~1 WeekTestosterone Propionate ~ 2weeksOxandrolone ~ 3 WeeksOral Stanozolol ~ 3 Weeksmethandienone ~ 3 WeeksNoretadrolone ~ 3 WeeksOxymetholone ~2 monthsInjectable Stanozolol ~2 monthsBoldenone ~ 5 monthsTrenbolone ~ 5 monthsNandrolone ~12-18 months

Various internet sources including user input*

Most Frequently Encountered - 9305U

CompoundAbnormal Testosterone/Epi RatioNandrolone MetaboliteNandroloneNorandrostenedioneBoldenoneMethenoloneTrenbolone MetaboliteMethandienone MetaboliteStanozololMethyltestosteroneStanozolol MetaboliteMethandienone

Testosterone:Epitestosterone

RatioNormal Range, less than 4.0~3% have concentrations greater than 4.0Range: 4.1 – 420

Designer Drugs

NMS Labs Philosophy

NMS Labs is the industry leader in its ability to identify and stay current in an evolving and challenging designer drug market offering testing established and new and emerging drugs of abuse.