Volume 3: Suspended Pedestrian Bridge Part 1: Design and Analysis First Edion 2009 Changing Lives One Bridge at a Time
Mar 05, 2016
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Volume 3: Suspended Pedestrian Bridg
Part 1: Design and Analysi
First Edion 20
Changing Lives One Bridge at a Tim
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis
ForewordBridges to Prosperity Suspended Bridge Manual
Dear User:
Th f ths u hs b v 32 ys th kg. I 1977 Eg Rbt G
tp t th Bgug Dstt Np t vw th b h susp bgsbg but by th s th. Hs pt tht fw uh pg pt by th Nps
Gvt suppt by Hvts f Zuh, Swtz t h pt ths zg
thgy swh Np. By th t 1990’s, th BBLL (Bug Bgs t th L Lv)
h b f th st sussfu vpt fstutu pgs th w. Th
y suss ws fw by pubshg th “Susp Sht Sp T Bg St Th
Hbk Dwgs” 2002 whh ws fw by th p f 2,500 bg Np by
2008.
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2003: Z P Chs Rs. As w xp th Hvts uty ftbg pg
t Af L A, t b ppt tht th g Hvts wgs t bvt t AutCAD, th us vt t vsu ft. Ths hgs v
t y f s f tg, but s t w th us wgs t b sy pt t h
w uty, wg f hgs tpgphy, vb sus, utu. Lk Hvts fu,
t pubsh u k ths vght. Ev wth th gus
jupstt tg v f Hvts Np, t tk us 8 ys t g
th xp ssy t s s y txt, ths us w
wys b wk pgss, g t u vw vs.
Th vut, s, spss tht ths pssb t
y t . But, I wu k t spy thk Pss Bkh
(PB) f NYC f vg th Cs Dw uts t AutCAD,
th Rty Cub f Nwpt Nws, 35 th Rty Cubs th Rty
Fu, th vuts st th Bgs t Pspty
sg t (Jy Jhs, Avy Bg, Z P, Chs Rs) tht tbut s
y hus t k ths pssb.
I th s spt tht w us t fy us th Hvts us, w hby th s. Ths
u s g b fy p stbut. W wu sk, hwv, tht y hgs
t th u t y sh wth Hvts Bgs t Pspty s tht w ght
bt, but tht yu s k y w us hgs f vb t s w.
Sy,
Kth R. Ftz, Rt &
Fu, Bgs t Pspty, I.
5007 C-126 Vty Bv.
Yktw, VA 23693
www.bgstpspty.g
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis
Introduction
I 2003, Bgs t Pspty (B2P) st
tv t Np t t wth th Swss
gz Hvts t but
th b-susp bg thgy.
Dsg stu f th suspbg w tught t Hvts’
pph t ppty bg bug t
th uty v. Ov th pst 6 ys,
Bridges to Prosperity has introduced the
hghy t Susp
Bg sg t uts f th
thgy u th w.
Th sgs u th Vu 3
Susp Pst Bg Mu gt wth th Hvts Np Sht Sp T Bg
Th Hbk tht ws t wth v 30 ys f xp th utus gs fNp. Bgs t Pspty hs ut w th utu hgs s w hv tk
th thgy f Ethp t Pu. Th sgs hv b pt t b sut th
gv f wk. Bgs t Pspty hs stu ps xp xbty
sg tvs sg pss ts t su th susp pst bg s
y sustb p f us vyg tpgph ggph gs f th
w.
Th fu pts t Vu 3: Susp Pst Bg Mu, stutu s fws:
Part 1: Design and Material Quanes
Part 2: Construcon Plans Part 3: Construcon Guide & Quality Control
Part 4: Operaons & Maintenance
As wth y ut sg, usg ssups ust b by th g sg. Th fwg
u w pt t pv bth ut wgs f us wthut gg
sg gus f ths tst bg uss t v wth ths us. F futh sg
g ssups f th Hvts Np Sht Sp T Bg Th Hbk,
ty pt sg sts s w s y pt sg s sts.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis
Volume 3 Suspended Pedestrian BridgePart 1: Design and Analysis
Table of Contents
Section 1: Suspended Bridge: Design Background 1.1 Dsg Lgs Assups
1.2 Lts
Section 2: Design Procedure 2.1 Ovvw
2.2 Aby Lv Suvy
2.3 Dw p & x bg fus
2.4 St Cb Szs: Cb k-up t
2.5 Cut Rqu Nub f Ts
2.6 Fz Ps f Fus
2.7 St T & Ahs Dsgs
2.8 St Cstu Dwgs
2.9 Cp t F Dwg 2.10 Dsg Exp
Section 3: Material Estimate 3.1 Cb & Cps
3.2 St Rft B
3.3 Ct
3.4 Dkg
3.5 Oth Mts
3.6 Mt Qus Exp
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 5
Section 1:Suspended Bridge Design Background
1.1 Design Loadings & Assumptions
Th fwg s ts bs ssups us by Bgs t Pspty wh fyg xtpg up th g bg sg. Thy t b f f -g
sgs, s sgs y pt usg th fwg s ssups. Skp t
S 2 f sg pss.
1.1.1 Liveloads
Bf stg th bg sg, vfy wth stutu g s gus. Th
Bgs t Pspty st f v s 3.11 kN/² (65 b/²). As t AASHTO (1997),
th v u f 4.07 kN/² (85 b/²) f kg s xg 400 squ ft s
sstt wth ASCE 7-95, “Mu Dsg Ls f Bugs Oth Stutus.” Th u
uts f th u pbbty f th g g f th stutu bg fuy t y
gv s sstt wth th gs xpt f typ pst bg. Tt LL = 3.11 kN/, ssug 1.0 t wth
1.1.2 Dead Loads
Th s th su f sf-wghts f th bg ts. Bw s tb f ssu szs
wghts, us B2P sg ts.
Tt DL = 0.321 kN/, ssug 1.0 t wth
1.1.3 Wind Loads (Overturning)A w pp hzty t ght g t th gtu xs f th bg sh b pp t
1.676 kN/² (35 b/²). Th sp w pssus f w vty f 100 s p hu. I
suh s st hs hgh w-vty quts: AASHTO A 3.15 (1997) y b f
th . Gv th pjt p f th bg s 1.1 ts hght: th sug
w vtu f s 1.843 kN/.
Tt WL = 1.843 kN/, ssug 1.1 t g hght
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 6
1.1.4 Load Combinaons
T ut th uuv v , h pssb b ust b hk t
th xu tg s. Th fwg bs w b us, xtt f Tb
3.22.1A AASHTO (1997):
Futh ts f sg ssups y b f S 5.
1.2 Limitations
Th susp bg s t f psts, vstk y s t pb f ssg
th 1.0 t w k wth. Wg th k up t 1.5 ts s pssb s w, but qus g vut th h, tw kg ps. It s tht y bys, s
tbks b wk
ss, but s
ptb f ssg.
Athugh th t w
gs ppy
s wth s sp,
th s sg t f 120
ts wthut
w guy stutus. Thgtu gty f th
bg s ps
by 120 ts wthut
th t suppt.
W guys sgty
s th v st f th
stutu s tw (2)
bs fu (4)
hs qu.
Th sg gu s s t t 1.0 t k wths. Isg th k wth thby ss
bth th v thf qus g t pt us. Futu
s f ths u y u gt ub f tvs Futh, f st k
s hs, th spg s s. Nt tht th g Hvts Np sg
u th st k gs thf f st k s hs, sg g s
ssy.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 7
Section 2:Design Procedure
2.1 Overview
Dsgg th susp b bg qus vy th bkgu. Th fwgs w pv stp by stp gu t sgg bg fwg th p f th st
suvy s ut Volume 2 Feasibility & Topographic Survey .
2.2 Aby Lv Suvy
2.3 Bg p & Fx Fu Ls
2.4 Cut Rqu Nub f Ts
2.5 Fz Ps f Fus
2.6 St T & Ahs Dsgs
2.7 St Cb Szs: Cb k-up t
2.8 St Cstu Dwgs
2.9 Cp t F Dwgs2.10 Dsg Exp
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 8
2.2 Abney Level Survey
If t s y, pt bg p suvy usg Aby v. Rf Volume 2
Feasibility & Topographic Survey f pt ts.
2.3 Bridge Profile & Fix Foundation Locations
Ct p skth f th st suvy. Us pts ‘L’ ‘R’ f th suvy t k th
py f th tws f th ght s spvy. Vfy tht th
butt s th s f th bk wh fg w st, wt t ’s bk.
D pts:
• Sp ts. Nt f su btw ‘L’ ‘R’ f t -tw sp
• Hght btw ‘L’ ‘R’, f v t suvy sht
• Nt s k typ th s
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 9
2.4 Calculate Required Number of Tiers
A u s qu btw th wst pt th b th hghst pt tht
th wt hs v h (HWL). Futh, th xu hght btw th tw
tws ust b th th sp (L) v by 25, fu pt f th sp. If ∆H (th hght
btw pts ‘L’ ‘R’)) xs ths ut, f th tws s t b
s. T pv qut t quz s v btw tw ss,
ust ut th qu ub f s; h s 1.0 t t s th v f th bg
tws tt th v f th bs.
I t ut th qu hght, th fwg f ust b kw;
• Span (L) ts (ust b ss th 120 ts)
As th suvy pts ‘L’ ‘R’ v t th ft f fu t ft f fu,
stt by ssug 1.40 ts th s t u wkwy s t
wkwy s sp. O wgs st, vfy th s.
• Height dierence (∆H) = Ev ‘L’ – Ev ‘R’Stt by ssug tht h s hs , s th v f th wkwy tws
s 1.40 ts bv ‘R’ ‘L’ spvy (1.0 t f , 40 f s
pt, p th tw wg T1). Us th s v ssups
tu s us th suvy: w s fu v = 100.00.
• Cable Design Sag (Bd) and Hoisng sag (Bh) (f N-Psth Cb)
Th b sg s th v p tht th b w p bw th wkwy ss.
Th b s hst t ss sg th s sg bus th b s st, th
sf-wght f th bg t th g w sghty stth th b. As
suh, th wst pt s th sg sg, but th tu w pt tks bth t
s. Less than 80 m Greater than 80 m
5.00% x L 4.55% x L
4.00% x L 3.64% x L
• Low point ‘f’
If bth ss qu hght (∆H = 0), th th w pt s ty th .
If t, th Cut usg th fwg qu us th w pt tx th
fwg pg.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 10
• Verify adequate Freeboard (Fb)
Fb s th qu btw th wst pt th b th
hghst pt f th wt. A g y u s th suggst fbvus wth st tpgph s, but f g pupss,
u fb qu s s fws;
- Mountainous gorges: 4.0 -5.0 meters
- Flood Plains: 2.0 meters
Fb s v by tkg th w s v, subtg th sg vu ‘f’
subtg th v f th Hgh Wt Lv. If th vu f Fb s ss
th qu, th sg ust s th ub f s th bth
fus.
Exp:
A t vy suvy wth sp f 60 ts, pt ‘L’ 2.0 ts w th pt
‘R’, Hgh Wt Lv (HWL) t v 96.5 ts f th suvy;
Low side elevaon = 101.40 meters
Low point in cable (relave to low side) ‘f’ = 2.08 meters
High Water Level (HWL) = 96.5 meters
Okay
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 11
Finalize Position of Foundations
A sg th ub f s qu, th sz f th fu ftpt s kw. Ths stp
w vfy th yut sg. If ft f fu suvy pts ‘L’ ‘R’ ust b v, tk
t t suvy t st.
• Vfy qut sp g st f sp (Volume 2 Topographic Survey )
Mxu 35 g sp s Mxu 60 g sp k
or u 3.0 ts f g or u 1.5 ts f g
• Vfy sp ss th 120 ts btw ss
• Vfy hght f tp f s (∆H) < L / 25
• Tk sp ut Dsg Sg, B. Vfy w pt ‘f’
• Cut Fb
• Vfy gt th u w
Flood Plains: 2.0 meters Mountainous gorge: 3.0 meters
Soil Rock
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 12
2.6 Select Tier & Anchor Designs
Th tw typs f h sgs; Gvty Ahs Du Ahs. Gvty Ahs y b
us y s k s thy y ‘wght’, t p v th h.
As suh, th xv qu s sb.
Du Ahs qu k s s thy y f btw th k f th pu
t u. As suh, y h ftu k s ptb. S Volume 2: Feasibility
& Topographic Survey f f.
Gvty Ah ps spt t tw subtgs; 0 - 60 t sps, 61 - 120 t
sps. Eh ss us (1), tw (2), th (3) tvs. A suy f
Gvty Ah Ps fu Volume 3 Part 2: Suspended Bridge Drawings s fws:
0 - 60 1 T Gvty Ah 1G60
0 - 60 2 T Gvty Ah 2G60
0 - 60 3 T Gvty Ah 3G60
61 - 120 1 T Gvty Ah 1G120
61 - 120 2 T Gvty Ah 2G120 61 - 120 3 T Gvty Ah 3G120
Du Ah ps s spt t tw subtgs; 0 - 60 t sps, 61 - 120 t
sps. N futh ss s s k hs t thsvs t th
. Ths s u t th sht st btw th h th ss, qu u t sp
k s. T s th ub f s wu qu t st h ppy futh bk
t th k, thus sg uty. Th th szs f u hs; s, u
g. S (0 - 40 ts) Mu (41 - 60 ts) hs u 1D60, Lg (60
-120 ts) y b fu 1D120. A suy f Du Ah Ps fu Volume 3 Part 2:
Suspended Bridge Drawings s fws:
0 - 60 1 T Du Ah Rk 1D60
61 - 120 2 T Du Ah Rk 1D120
2.7 Select Cable Sizes: Cable Look-Up Tool
Bgs t Pspty t Ms Ex Cb Lk-up T, vb t th wbst t www.
bgstpspty.g/sus.
Th Cb Lk-up T qus th us t put th bkg stgth ( f t s bkg
f) f vb b pus, bs y ub f b ub bs, utputsth xu sp wb f gv k wth. Bf usg th t, sh vb st
b qust Pf Iv stg bkg stgths f gv bs.
Th Cb Lk-up T ssus tht th b hs v g f 0.325% s t f
us wth -pstth b.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 13
Step 1Rsh vb b bkg stgths. If pt t ts kwts (kN),
vt t pus usg th fwg shps:
Step 2
Iput Bkg Stgth vus ( pus) s ub f bs (red txt).
Step 3
Mfy bs u s k wth hs vu t st s g s bg sp (yw).
Exp:
Iput 2 wkwy bs 2 h bs. Ty g wth 4 wkwy bs 2
h bs.
Step 4
Cut quty f b. Cs th sts f sv bs f b bf vg
. O b s s by th f 500 ts, s f b qus sghty
th 500 ts, t y b wth th st t s th sz f th b t u
th ub f bs thus th tt qu gth.
Cut th quty f b t ; wh th st btw hs, wth
14 ts 4 pt gy t ut f b sg wp-bk wth th
hs. F th st vus f th Cstu Dwgs.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 14
2.8 Select Construction Drawings
F gv sp, gg s ub f s, tw (2) Abutt T & Ah wgs
ust b st, f h s f th v. Th Tw wg ts th 1.0 t k wth
tw s qu. Th (3) Dkg wgs ust b st f th 2 4 wkwy bs,
wth tvs btw ssb s s spvy.
Abutt T & Ah (Rght L s qu)
Gravity Anchors
0 - 60 1 T 1G60
0 - 60 2 T 2G60
0 - 60 3 T 3G60
61 - 120 1 T 1G120
61 - 120 2 T 2G120
61 - 120 3 T 3G120
Rock Drum Anchors
0 - 60 1 T 1D60 61 - 120 2 T 1D120
Tw 1.0 k wth T1
Dkg P 2 wkwy bs W21
4 wkwy bs W41
Dkg S 2 wkwy bs W22
4 wkwy bs W42
Dkg DtWith Nailer
2 wkwy bs W23
4 wkwy bs wth N W43
No Nailer
2 wkwy bs N N W24
4 wkwy bs N N W44
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 15
2.9 Compile into Final Drawings
Cpt th bg sg by pg qu bg wgs g bg p f
th pjt. Iu ss ug sp, pth f h, st t th bk f th
h. St th fwg wgs;
Gravity Anchor Right Side 1G60
Gravity Anchor Le Side 1G60
Tower 1.0 k wth T1
Decking Plan W21
Decking Secon W22
Decking Detail With Nailer W23
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 16
2.10 Design Example
A p vy wth 60 t sp ws suvy. C pts f th suvy s fws:
• Pt ‘L’ Ev (w s) = 100.0 ts
• Pt ‘R’ Ev (hgh s) = 102.0 ts
• HWL = 96.5 ts
T ut th u ub f s, fy u fb (Fb) s gt th 2.0 t
u s sp f vy. Stt by ssug (1.0 t hght pus 0.4 t s
vg hght).
Span (L) = 60 ts
Elevaon low side walkway saddle =
Elevaon high side walkway saddle =
Height dierence (∆H) =
Verify:
Cable Design Sag (Bd)
Low point ‘f’
Css f sp ∆H Dsg Sg Ev Cht = 2.08 ts
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 17
Verify Freeboard ‘Fb’
Select Cable
Th b supp pv sps f 26 IWRC b wth bkg stgth f
30.0 t ts (68,343 pus). Usg th Cb Lk-up T, 4 wkwy k bs 2
h bs qu, s thy sut t 64 t sp.
Select Drawings
O , 60 ts ss Rght butt = 1G60O , 60 ts ss L butt = 1G60
Tw Dwg= T1
Dkg P, 4 b = W41
Dkg S, 4 b = W42
Dkg Dts, 4 b N = W43
Compile into Final Drawing
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 18
Section 3:Material Estimate
3.1 Cable & Clamps
St st b bs th t bkg stgths, usg th Cb Lk-up T www.bgstpspty.g/sus. A sg th pu b, ut th quty
t by upyg th ub f bs by th fwg qu:
Th quty f ps p b s pt th sz f th b th typ f p st.
Th tb bw s th Bgs t Pspty st f tqu quts f p-fg
b b ps t gv b p ts. Cb p uftu pv
sps tht ust b v s ths ht s y gv s gu.
Drop-forged clamps are of superior quality and must be purchased whenever possible.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 19
3.2 Steel Reinforcement Bar
Towers
- 4 ps st b, 16 x 4.50 ts gth
- (# f wkwy bs + 2) ps, 16 x 20
Decking Suspenders
- (Tw th (Sp + 1) ps), 8 sth, ut t 1.80
Gravity Anchors
- Sps 60 ts ss (S Mu)
- 4 ps st b, 20 , 2.90 gth;
- 11 squ gs, 10 , ut t 2.20 h,
bt t squs 0.50 p s
- Sps 61 -120 ts (Lg)
- 8 stght bs, 20 , 2.90 gth;
- 11 squ gs, 10 , ut t 3.35 h,bt t squs 0.80 p s
Rock Drum Anchors
- Sps 40 ts ss**
- Ah s, 16 ps, 25 , ut t 1.50 ts
- I u: 8 ps, 10 , ut t 3.40 ts, bt t 0.90 t
- Out u: 8 ps, 10 , ut t 5.25 ts, bt t 1.50 t
- Sps 41 - 60 ts
- Ah s, 20 ps, 25 , ut t 1.50 ts
- I u: 8 ps, 10 , ut t 4.15 ts, bt t 1.15 t t- Out u: 8 ps, 10 , ut t 5.90 ts, bt t 1.70 t t
- Sps 61 - 120 ts
- Ah s, 40 ps, 25 , ut t 1.50 ts
- I u: 8 ps, 10 , ut t 4.15 ts, bt t 1.15 t t
- Out u: 8 ps, 10 , ut t 5.90 ts, bt t 1.70 t t
3.3 Cement
Qus gv wgs. Su tgth th qus f T & Ah wgs f bth L
Rght butt th quty f th Tws.
If t s t b us t xpt th ug , tk t t th v 28 y stgth
u . It s t th s f f h pus. Th quty qu
s sp th put.
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 20
3.4 Decking
Bgs t Pspty hss t us w kg wh v w s vb p. Th
tw typs f w kg tvs: wth wthut ‘’. Th ‘’ s th s wth s
th kg ps, s h t th tp f th w ss-b t s th ut f
suf vb f g th kg ps. Th ‘’ pvs stutbty ws
f s ssb sz but ss th tt gth f kg ps qu. It s up t th
sg g t f th st s wt.
Dkg ps ut t 3.0 ts f y sp v 60 ts pfby sps. If th bg
s sht th 60 t sp, 2.0 t kg ps wb. Th tt ub f kg
ps s qu t [sp v by gth f h b (th 2.0 3.0)] up by v (5), s
th w b v kg ps ss, h 15 - 25 w. If ‘s’ t b us,
(Sp pus ) ts f kg ps w b qu, ut t 1.0 ts.
Cssbs: (Sp + 1)
Dkg: (Sp / gth f h b (th 2.0 3.0) x 5)
Ns (p): (Sp + 1)
3.5 Other Materials
• Fxb Ps tubg: 5 t* 3.5 t p b (Ah)
• Fxb Ps tubg: 5 t* 2.0 t p b (Tw)
• Tyg W 10 kg
• Ns: 5” 1 kg p t
• U-s 1 kg p 10 ts
• Sws: 5/16 x 10 (4”) 1 p k p
• A-sv pt 1 g (3.8 L) p 50 ts
• Fg: 1.50 hgh Bg sp x 2
• Rg T 4 gs• H Ss 4 ps
• Pt f tws 6 gs
• S/Gv
• Msy Bk
* The best product for this purpose is reinforced sucon tube used by water trucks.
Nailer (Recommended) No Nailer
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Volume 3: Suspended Part 1 Design & Analysis 21
3.6 Material Quantities Example
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Bridge Name:
Span:
Material List
All prices are estimations, prices can change at moment of purchase, always verify
Item Unit Units required Estimated Unit Price
Cable and clamps
Cable 26mm m
Clamps 26mm piece
Cable 32mm m
Clamps 32mm piece
-$
Construction MaterialsCement (6.4 x volume for concrete, 1.1 x area for mortar) bags of 40kg
Concrete Blocks = 40 x 20 x 15 (cm) unit
Rebar 12mm (1/2") (9m)
Rebar 16mm (5/8") (9m)Rebar 20mm (3/4") (9m)
Rebar 25mm (1") (9m)
Handrail saddles unit
Walkway saddles - 2 cable unit
Walkway saddles- 4 cables unit
Tying wire kg
Plastic suction tube 3" mts
Roofing Tar gal-$
Deck
Wood crossbeams - (10cm x 10cm) x 140cm piece
Wood nailing panels - (5cm x 20cm) x 100cm piece
Wood crossbeams - (10cm x 20cm) x 140cm piece
Wood platform - (5cm x 20cm) x 200cm piece
Screw - 8mm x 10cm(nailing panel to crossbeam connection) unit
Nails - 15cm kg
Smooth iron bar 10mm (5/16") (suspenders) (9m)
Smooth iron bar 12mm (1/2") (j-bolts) unit
Anti-rust paint (suspenders) 0.5gal Anti-rust paint (j-bolts) 0.5gal
Safety fencing = 1.5m in height mts
U-shaped nails kg
Tying wire kg
-$
Local Materials
Sand m³
Gravel m³
River rock m³
Dressed Stone m³
-$
Transportation
Transportation of materials (City - City) per trip
Transportation of materials (City - Village) per trip
Transportation of materials (Village to site) per trip-$
Misc. Tools and Tool Rental
Misc. Tools* (listed below)
Tool rental (winch and/or drill)-$
Labor and Technical Support
Mason daily
Carpenter daily
Supervision dailyLogistical Support per visit
Logistical Support per visit
Estimated Sub-total for Labor -$
Total -$
Contingency 10% -$
Total with 10% Contingency -$
Bridge Location: