Design formulation ● design disciplines ● differences ● commonalities ● formulation 1/24.

design formulation

● design disciplines

● differences

● commonalities

● formulation

1/24

nature of design● aim of design

● to create (a description of) an entity to satisfy some need

● creative cognitive act

● modifies existing state

● problem solving??2/24

problem solving

● what is a problem ?

● what is a design problem ?

3/24

problems

X + Y = 122X – Y = 3

X = ? Y = ?

problems

problems

design problem?

nature of problems● single correct solution

● well-defined

● analytic – deduction

● problem in same terms as solution

6/24

designproblems

nature ofdesign problems

● many solutions

● no necessarily right answer

● ill-defined - wicked

● synthesis – abduction

● problem in conceptual terms – solution in ‘concrete’ terms 8/24

needs● design fulfils a human need

● begin with a realization of a need

● dissatisfaction with existing conditions

● needs – wants – desires

● course of action must be taken9/24

goals● attainment of state of

satisfaction for a need

● action to achieve this goal

● image of desired or ideal state

goal – directed activity

10/24

image of desiredor ideal state

state ofdissatisfaction

without ability to conceive goalcannot prescribe

course of actions to achieve it

12/24

values● values prescribe goals

● goals reflect value system

● subjective

● value system - framework

13/24

objectives● end goal usually too vague

● e.g. “public good”

● decompose to subgoals

● objectives – operational subgoals● in a form where evaluation possible

● performance criteria

14/24

objective objective objective...14/24

...subgoal subgoal subgoal

goal

assumption that objectivestrue reflection of goals

15/24

● transition to product

● achieve ends – use means

ends and means

the design is the meansto the end goal

16/24

aim of design isto describe a productwhich when realised

will achieve goals

17/24

means

● system & system variables

● shift from conceptual space to ‘physical’ space

18/24

aim of design is to selectsystem variables and values

such thatbehaviour attributes performance satisfied

&objectives & goals attained

means

19/24

need - problem

goals – purpose / function

objectives – behaviour attributes / performance criteria

systemvariables& values

– structure

pro

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mfo

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lati

on

syn

thes

is

ENDS

MEANS

constraints● means subject to constraints

● available resources

● social / individual

● design process itself

● hard and soft constraints21/24

design problemformulation

● clients – users - designers

● designer introduced problems

● clarification - development

● mix of means and ends23/24

design problemformulation● pays to think about problem

● right goals, objectives

● preconceived solutions?

● exploration required24/24