Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve eses and Dissertations 1-1-1976 Design for creep in pressure vessels. Antonio Serrano Perez Follow this and additional works at: hp://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons is esis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in eses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Perez, Antonio Serrano, "Design for creep in pressure vessels." (1976). eses and Dissertations. Paper 2027.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Lehigh UniversityLehigh Preserve
Theses and Dissertations
1-1-1976
Design for creep in pressure vessels.Antonio Serrano Perez
Follow this and additional works at: http://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd
Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by anauthorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Recommended CitationPerez, Antonio Serrano, "Design for creep in pressure vessels." (1976). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2027.
INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed,
a note will indicate the deletion.
uest
ProQuest EP76300
Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author.
All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code
socondar?" stresses will 'ccur i:i a short-tino, and design
can be bared on ere on properties.
ddic "ACOOO dnflred drossurc Vessel Code" don the unncr
of tonneratr.ror, at whic!
bo considered, specifies that:
-At high temperatures, the stress valuer: are bared
on 100 per cent of tho "trees to produce a creep
rate of l/lOO nor 1,000 hours; the valuer so chosen
being based on a conservative average of many re-
ported tests as evaluated by the subcommittee; great-
ter weight being given to longer tine tests in eval
uating data. In addition to the above-stated creep
strength .requirements, stress values were also lim-
ited to 1000' of the stress to produce rupture at the
end of 100,000 hours; the values so chosen being
based on a conservative average as evaluated by the
subcommittee.
U ci Th 3 " AZ'.. .0 Boiler Go ~" e " a 12 o'.'.'r the . s an3 stror
on ere?'.' strain but only 60 per cent of the average, or 0 0
ner cent of the minimum -tress to caire nrotue in 100,000
hourr. As the creep-stress limit ir urually considerably
lower than for ru.Ptupe, the two code- often lead to the
-ame design valuer.
The choice of the above valuer doe? not neces ariiy
mean if •.-■-'-. the vessel will show 1 per cent of strain or rup-
ture in 100, OOC hourr. .Service temperature,0 and pressures
are urually .'< e-s than design valuer-; v/all t hie ■metres are
often increased by corrosion allowance, and material prop-
ertirs are usually above those specified, all of which re-
suits in an increased factor of steady,
To illustrate some of the preceding analysis, the
change in tensile strength, yiel strength, rupture strength
and creep strength with the Oemperature and the AS'i-jJl code
allowable stress for a 5 Cr-0.5f-- ^-o steel are drawn in Fig.
k--l (18) from the data g iven by Clark (^-6). It is interest
ing to note the decrease in the allowable stress given by
the code which take place above the temperature at which
long-time and short-time properties coincide.
The code requirements: apply to vessels and boilers with
an expected life of at least 100,000. hours. The general
method might also be applied to the design of a unit in-
tended for a shorter life of, say, 1,000 hours.
In the low-temperature range the elastic stresses are
I'he r,t1."'r,'~r"r in the u.P'"er temperature rango arj br.r"
en long-time "-ropcrtics (permissible strai/\or ruvtu:"~: :n
1 '"'', '\'.'" hourr ).
In the Iiiterme/:,.iatc-tempcrature range the stresses arc
obtained by drav/ing a smooth curve between the hi r;]i an:- lo".
temperature valuer.
The type of application '.'/ill, of course, infl'. ence th'
choice o:" a ~afoty factor in the lovz-tenpcrature range and
U.i':: 'a. . u cnt to v/hich croee strain or rupture is important
•'-'-.2.2 Dosi2ii ConcIitions
^.2.2.1 Deeign Oriterion
.1. i L
It is assumed that the operating temperatures are in
he upper range of tenperatures, at v/hich only creep prop-
eties need be considered, and hence, design ha'" to be bared
wholly on creep conriideratione.
Design nu^t be ba^ed on the naximun permissible creep
rate^, and thus the stresses are ba^ed on the permissible
^train or rupture life in 1-';^:,"?C hours.
It is considered that constant-stress tension-creep
data arc available for the temperature at which we v/irh to
mahe the stress analysis and that the data have been extra-
polated, if necc^'ar;, to the tine 'Miration of interest. Tn!e~s otherwise "tated, the temperature i" tahen a" con-
-*tant.
k. 2. 2 .2 Creep Type
It is assumed that the creep curves from test data
rhov/i well defined region of rteady-rtate creep, and that
thir latter contribute,0 most of the strain; hence, design
may ho based on only steady-state creep.
As we have seen, small changer1 in such variables as
stress, temperature, composition, heat treatment, or method
of manufacture may greatly influence creep behavior, and
hence a ^imP.le empirical - expression for creep data nay be
adenuate for rational design.
^•.2.2.3 Approach
":1s use the Soderberg Approach based on Ibises invariant
('ios. (3-5) and (3-6)) , which is accurate only when
steady-state creep predominate. The mothods of Soderberg
and Bailay differ very little and are in reasonable agree-
ment with experiment. However the Soderberg approach is to
be preferred because it lias simpler equations.
The evidence also indicates that the strain rates in
steady-state m.ultiaxial stress tests correlate better on the
""t"^o■■"'" a.p ~roach.
. • -~ • -^ • * : ,v l;J. Vi > • -^ wCi V w
In a thin-walled vsrrs.l trie radial stress ( »i },
which equals -P (internal pressure) at the inside v/all and
?,o:;o at the outride v/all, is snail compared with the other
two principal stresses and nay usually be neglected. Hence,
we have the care of n thin-walled vessel under a biaxial
stress state.
Under creep conditions, the relationship -"between stres;
and strain rate is generally nonlinear, and hence the
stresses must be considered as a combined effect, rather
than separately, which greatly complicates a creep analy-
sis. In some cases the stress analysis is simple while in
other cases it may "Tor:.I the main problem of creep analysis.
The effect of biaxial stresses can be seen more clear-
ly by considering biaxial creep with ^j ^ o and | ^r ^z/di^s I
rather than the general case of triaxial stress £3^ ^z~^/
hence, the creep rates under biaxial stress states may be
governed ^j 3qs. (.3-15) •
7
Table 5-1 cho':;c the rocultr obtained of the analyr.i r
realized in the ^receding rectior.r;.
The curvec of :'J3- 5-1 v/ere slotted fir on the da"' ■
rhov/n in the table 5-1 • Thene curves may be u.red for the
design of thin-v/alled verselr under internal prerrure and
v.'itii the conrideration of rteadv-.^tate creer).
(:-
n
d2/d, = «=<
"> '"O i - n
■ r\ - --i T>
■-----»*-] •>--«, ? r-| ~- ~ "' n T ;~>
ZJL. /O.
Ac cor
** - "i .-•: ■ ■
; r>. T;ln ' :.r- of rer-ult'' (la-
"oroco iM'"r *~'octtori, v*o rose1'! the
ri - _ co
V 1 H PV;
C O V (" 1 - i <- • OH'
— The lare'e chan^ee j.n rtrain rate ",'h.ich
r*ia'* ha ^iro',i.icn^ h'r ^'"iisl]. ohar|':*'ar' jn the
r,i;rc!rr ratio C <^»/^/ =• c><0
i'l^ortance of correct."!.'* catiriat:' n
•~ r^--r ■.- n rv
r■ + ,1t o o "^ '".i ■" ~! t i n'. *'' a 3.
oar o '. oil rxram
" T"» ,c -; /-i <~t -. "~<--^-i
icxion::
"be cone iiicroaatnf If iar'crtant, a a ti
incroaaer v/liica. ahov/a the irirortance of
c*"'tl:aatina; correct!'* the valuer' of n fro:
cree^ -ata or fro:a the extrapolate '; crec
nate .
h.e curve*"' o~r "ti,a;. 5-1 na." he or
p. p' "I p*"!-"! ■"")' !*>■*» "Pp
m
-!-Vi i p„-'-n 1 1 r"..~! -r.^ rr-^ I c
"L,^ao.*---"-uaT0 cre(
.c'.'A
P
6
■fc
r, T, , r2
6C
6c
&o
^ »
AH
R
<^ / ^ ^2 , ^3
6/ , €2. , 63
• • •
^*
k* 6*
.0 3.
Instantaneous Strain ( or initial
c^eon st'^a^ 21
6 or </£/</*• Strain -late
-£ r Susture .life or :iunture 1'
p Sufficiency
Absolute Ser.rserautre
Cree'o Strain
Green Hats
Constant Initial Stress
Stress
Activation Snor^y
Gar: Constant
Principal Stresse-
Croon Strains
Creep Strain rates
Stress in uuitianial Stress state
Strain rates in terms of d *
. Strain in terms of <£ *
L...' '._'A;.
:"-,-!'•> ~.-l •on o.\ rinci^al Or'
or a.:. Tor-it A ■■■"> r~> o ^ - "> O '
:La:::i.a.L v» r* f r~* i ]-^iTi r\". r* ~ ' ";"s;~i "^.-
.'able -_i
Oort Oat a o .Va'"roll anO J'ohnron
(25/ for 0.17 r>or cent carbon
■op"! p t ° ^ o
'■'train nation a" a function of
Otrecr Oatior for thin-Y/alleO.
/orro 1 r"< unfor -in.xori"al Orsr.FU"^^
ana uonai.tionr of
'ee"o,
"coao^r-oxaxo
ho
<D a>
+> 1 CO p, < c
v-r-
-p ,0 c Si a L, o o
<M -p CH c •H <u n o
>> ^ X 0) - - p.
cd
CO
n
o
CD o
O
a
o
o o M o
o»o CH rH
CM I *— M
CO
c o -H CO -C< CO
CC Cd
5, o
<M
o
CO
co a .M-H
o ox
-p •H
o -p
rH a a M C. &C CJ •H E^ Cti
u CM -P O to
<H Cd • i K -p r-< ^ O Cd
X-dC (DO VPN
>H cd -p cc r£ o co cd r. o -P
E-1 P.E-t cd
r-t O r*"\ J*
CO -^ o <—•
; i cv • • • • • • ,| A r^ r^\ ■■ c c ■;_
?~~ v~_* C C- a •^ .-.- « 1 1 1 1 1 1 u. •
■-*-'
+■> r— 1 CN CN CN rH r> r~« c. 0". O
03
i VTN.
-V CN- -^ -*■ CO -*• CN-
t_ O *\ r^ o /- c ?"■■ »—^ o c. a) u , « -■> • 1 1 1 T i 1 1 1
a 'Ml • c .c . i. i C; CC NO -4. CN Cv. r*\ CO CO < i CO CVJ NO -S" ^J" o -^» CN-
. C O rH N.' ' c^ c c c.
s •>• c •
o ON vn NO o CN- r^> r-i CJ l-\ rH c_ r-i *—
<\J O r^ o c o f—N c- O O c_. m - - • 1 1 1 1 1 1 .^, • o
i i cc C\! -♦• c NO fN CN- CO i -V cv. cf r-. r^ CN- r~\ NO'
i. . d NO • • • • • • m • rJ cd
•4
*>•
_ C-N. o o o c> o c c o r~ •r-
o vr\ • c
1 i 1 I I 1 i 1
r ft '"""""» I c^- CN- r> c r-% NO CN- cc c p, i
CD c^ rH NO -*.
■^ CO CN. NO
NO NO o r-^ c ;j ^ c c o ^ ON • *H) • c rH O r- r-i t>- ^3-
X 3 C"\. _^- rH rH c rH G c~\ a NO r-\ o o C c - c- o o c o n —u m 1 1 1 1 1 1 u •v» • ' '" Cl i VA r-N. CM cc u^ C NO NC p. 1 -i- cv. ^J- rv r~, CV r> NC < vn
as r^ o c C '~ . r~* c c o N —*i • 1 l 1 I T 1 i 1
fclfl 9 ■—-\ "i NO cv ON ON OJ -V NO NO
co 1 c^ CNJ *n C-N. —c CC' C~i NO
XI CO u '^ NO o rH o C c o !~' C" o *\J <"N •
TT • o rH Cvi -X. cv CNi ^J-
o o —* VPv viS NO CM c CO ON vn
« rH rH rH rH o e c o £~- c •\u • • 1 1 1 i 1 r- C' o c 1 1 CN- .cj- rH v,-> c c-, ^J- cc
-H O^ CV CM rH r~, rH ?S VA f * o c^- c O VA O C C^ C o rH c o I * M) • • 1 1 1 1 1 1
• r -N O
&- 1 | —j NO VTN CN>- CM ON -k. cc c o IV CN. -V VP\ C rS NO c ON <v r •vu
ON • •
rH rH O c c rH c c> ~N. o e o o c- ^ O c r^
co CO cv r c- _^- c CM -1 o o *n CN- rH ~^- CM CN f>
•(—. «« NO U-N. ' B • « «k ^» «k •. » c \» vo c^. cv C\J r^ r, ^- NO vn CN- f 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 i 1
• .-. o c- o o o o o <^> C c. NO vn CO CO CM o C^ -*. c CM c *% VO o o ON CN- rH VPV CM CN CN-
«) M t I • l • I M • • I I M M M I | I | l I M M > • I - «9C90*4(T(NJrO<-(flSJir)^«-l<VJ«H | »-4 f f t I I • I I «"•' '~-
|W» - f»» f <rt» f I I f f I t eoBBoeooooocooooPDOooeaoeoeoeeooei * -IpeeaBeceeBcieiBBeioBOBesBoPicjoeoBefsoeo "^9 ZBeBOOBPPDgOODPODCPOODOODOfJOnoOBPB M <pB0Boeo0BBBePBaBecBaeeoBeeBo6BBBD< ^ „••■#•••••••••••••••••••• •! ||
ITppooooopoooooooooopooooGOooDooooo' ^ q £ <B|iopaooBi90BBPBBaoBOBBBQBBeBeBBeoe -p b -p OfOOOOOpopOOOPBOOBBOOCOBPPOOBeoOOOD C <• o cr HU\i^o^fr>^M^Hfvjrjw,fo^fs.gr-oif\^cr'WvDao»4N.N,^«Diowcr»inif>o
WHBrlH I *-»i-l |r)| |H| |rl| I I | If I | . V* Iff I
Figure 3—1. Schematic creep curves for two stresses: (A) and (B), method of idealizin as steady—state. - - ■_ - (G) and (D), as steady state plus lunroed Tcansient creep.
51
Primary Tertiary
S3 M <
EH CO
Fracture
Steady State (Minimum Rate)
Initial Elastic Strain
TIME
Figure 3-2. Creep curve showing initial elastic and plastic strains as well as transient creep.
52
M CO P-t
c o c
CO CO
EH CO
T S: Tensile Strength Y S: Yiel Stress (0.2% off set) R S: Rupture Stress (100,000 hrs) C 3:: Creet> Stress ( '1$ in
100,000 hrs)
ASKE Code 5/8 Y.S. 1/4 T.S.
60
50 - ^"^^V. T S
40
30
Y S \
20
10 s- "iT" "X" "a -^
c s \V<^ ^^ 0 I i- i ii ^*i*-
200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
TEMPERATURE
Figure 4-1. Change of the different stress values with temperature and the ASME code allowable stresses for 5 Cr-0.5 M steel
53
\ N \ - N m
?*2
2 &" .
2.4 .
'? . 0
1.6 .
1.2 -
;.8
.4 -
l\ A'A\
i\ r 1 i\« i
• \ 11 1
\\ i l\
Vr \ \\\
,^ III! _. .., i II i
-1.0 -"'•.6 -0.2 0 0.2 0.6 1.
STRESS RATIOS: dz /<i, = c<
Figure 5-1* Strain Ratios in Function of Strees Ratios for Thin-Walled Vessels under Internal Pressure and Conditions of Steady-State Creep.
«' UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ u; UJ UJ UJ UJ Ul UJ UJ UJ UJ Ul UJ UJ Ul UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ Ul UJ t— ^ton <» CM -*• N. O PO p^ e «\J ,* o* cs CM in i<- a> a> ^ on CO fO fv- ^ O UJ N. 3- CM PO in CM to in CVJ CM in CM CM J- CVJ O j- «-l \D j- J- o a r»> CM N. (P X U\ ~* «0 N- »-< co rw *■« CO N. wi CO P*. «-t CO K «-i eo vD »H «0 cr» CM <y> CO CM N- »-1 H^r4 *H .* «■« *-i .* ■»-« «-t .*• «H «-l J* «-» «H J- <r4 «-l ^r ^ »-• ■* »-• CM ^ »-4 ar O M CM OMN (9 M CM O to CM o to CM O PO CM es M CM o fr> CM O W CM
HNiO *4NvO vH t\J vO «-l CM vO •H CM tO *-« CM 03 «-l CM vO <-< CM vO ■H CM v/J) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 •
*» r*> w> PO to PO to to to i*> PO PO PO PO PO PO ro po PO w ro M W PO to PO PO O CD o o o o a a a CS o o 000 C9 a C9 C3 o"o ODD QOO
• ♦ * ♦ * * * * + •*• * * * * * + + * + ♦ + 4- * * * * * ♦ «« UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ Ul Ul UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ Ul UJ Ul Ul Ul Ul UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ K» N. CO wA N. co -* N. CO «-t h. CO v4 is. to *-i N. CO «-l N. CO -4 N. CO *4 h. co «-• bJ co«oo CO CO O CO <0 o CO co O CO CO 03 CO CO o CO CO O CO CO O CO CO O
X (T o> e> cy <y< es a* a» O a> <T> CD a> o> o a> a> e> o> 0> O CT1 CT* 63 CT< 0" C3 tm <y> o» e> a* <T> o cr> cr> a 0*< *5 cs o* c* o cr <T> «=> cr> or» o <T> o*» e> O*1 <T> O z W W «* fo ro J- M K3 J- PQ /* •* WWJ; PO w jr to w J- fO PO ^ PO W -4-
er j-cceoi\j K er w-t CMCM j- in
86
2.
•*•
1 e e e
[
m eo a o e C9 e CD cs e CD a O CD O O o e O a CD O
lu t*> CM 4-4 PO CM «-4 fO CV.' *•* ro cvi w* CVJ CVJ ~-4 CAJ CM ■-• 4-1 ■M «4 4^ 4-1 es a C3 4-4 X o o o CD CD o CD a c CD CD O CD CD e» CD CD CD CD O o CD O CD CD CD O t— 1 • 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 • t 1 1 • I 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 * * • -> 3 LU UJ UJ LU LU Lu LU LU LU LU LU LU LU UJ LU UJ Lu Lu LU LU LU LU Lu LU LU Lu U
CM in CP «o ro tn in «-• *o cr *4 in •*■* ro ro cr V0 cr in ro CM CM cr eo N- ro o *«4)
X a X
i0 no in cr J- o <y> ■* s a «-» CD CM a> j- Cu r> V0 4H —i -J- 4-1 UN ro «A> in cr es 10 N. %£} f" ^ ■* co j- ro in CVJ j- in *•* cr cr CD cr sD J- in ic «0 es CM CM CO GO \0 h- «-• vD »-t vO CVJ vD j- cr ro co *-* N. cr cr CM «0 ro r>~ 4-1 o CD CM in ro h- o CO h>- CD in CO ^4 in «-! CM in in CO CM <0 ro j- J- CM CM cr CM O cr CM
WKN CSJ N. CM cvj r* CJ oo <r CVJ rvi cr wi CM V0 «H ro ««• 4-« TO cr J1 J" eo 4-1 t 1 1 1 » 1 i 1 1 i i i i l 1 i 1 1 1 1 • K »0 CO N. «o CO r«- <x> 0O K V0 N. I*- V0 N. eo \D iO v0 in in in in in in .*■ o es o CD CD C3 CD CD CD CD o CD CD CD CD CD IS a a cs es CD CD CD CD CD CD
1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 I 1 1 I t 1 • I i l LU UJ UJ LU LU LU LU UJ UJ LU UJ UJ LU LU LU LU LU LU LU LU LU LU Lu LU LU LU Lu4
«-4 m 4-t 4-1 CM «r \C VJO ^ oo CVJ K ro o ro ro CM ro \0 CM *0 r^ CD CO i0 CM in
z a M v0 N- 4-t CT> N- M C2 N. CD -» CD cvj in J- ro 4-1 10 V0 i0 in in OO in r*. O UA
«D in J- 4-1 in in «-l ro -H CO CD N, in ao ro CO J" o CM •«H J- cv 4-( 4-1 4-t -* CM 4-4 10 ro cr j- »H <T> C3 J^ 00 CVJ «f in ro CD cr -r »-t cr 10 V0 10 ro TH 4-1 ro CM
0 ro in <T> K .* O^ vC ro cr o V0 CVJ vO «-i in m-t -* *-• c? K »4 ro 4-» V0 J" V0 4-1
j- ro 4-4 .*• ro «-• v£> fO ^| -J- ■S CM CM cr CM in ro ^-i ro fx» -w* 4-1 4-t 4-1 4-1 CO CM i • i 1 i I 1 1 l I i i • 1 • 1 1
CM N CM CVJ CM tNJ nj CVJ CVJ CVJ rvi cvj CM CM rvj C\J CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM i a es o e=> o o o CD »C e= en CD O CD es CD es CD CD CD O CD CD er CD C3 O
+ •> + ■+• *■ *v • * + + ■f •+ •4- * + + + *■ -> 4> •*- + * •> * •V * LU LU LU LU LU LU U- LU LU Lu Lu LU LU U- UJ LU Lu LU Lu Lu LU LU Lu LU Lu LU LU CT> (T <x> cr cr CT^ a« cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr cr
1-4 x
CM CM CM CM CM csj CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CM CM CM CVJ CM CM CM CVI CM CM cv CM CM CM CM
%o iO 10 tC t0 vD a} vT> <J9 vO V0 vO 10 V0 V0 V0 vO i0 10 i0 i0 LO V0 V0 (0 iO «0
fvl CM fvi CM cv CVJ r\i CVJ f\j PVJ CVJ CVJ CM CM nj CVJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM C3 O o CD <=> c= CD C CD CD CD a CD CD o CD CO CD O CD CD CS es CD CD es c:
1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 t I t 1 1 1 t l » 1 1 1 » f 1 1 1 1 LU LU UJ Lu- Lu LU Lu a. Lu LU Lu Lu Lu u. LU LU U.' Lu Lu Lu LU Lu Lu LU Lu LU LU r^ N iO -»■ J- ro »i es ep to- N- UD j- ro -«-» cr 10 «* CM in o ao J- -f 4-1 .* eo
»-« CVj «H o D O" CD cu N- U) rn •*• ro ro CM ^-^ CJ C' ou CO r- ao N- CD J- J" in cv. X CO J- o es IT> w* TH N. W n cr in m v< r«- t~ CM or 00 J- CD CD r- ro ro cr jf a CP PO J- j in N- S- 00 CD CD »-t ro ro in V0 <X> <o cr cr «- ro r- j- V0 i0 s. cr =» N- «c cr D"* e» >-« TH CM .d- 4 in V0 iO r»- 0O CC cr CD CD CM ro ro ^• in in 10 h-
rO fo ro P •* -* J1 ^ ^ -r ^> j- J- J- J- ^t j- in in in in m in in in in in
fO fo ro fo in 1
m i ro ro CVJ ro ro CM fo ro r^ ro ro ro CM ro CM CV. 4-< 4-» •H 4-1 CM o to o CP e=> a ts o es a a «=> » CD CD CD CJ o CD CD CD c. CD 6= es CD CD
• J» 1 1 l 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 • f i I 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 Lu Lu LU LU LU LU U-i Lu LU U Lu LU LU LU U, LU LU LU LU LU LU Lu LU LU Lu LU U- w <T 4-t vO >JD in cr a- ^D eC IT CM N. ix-i «0 r^ op eo in 4-1 4-1 OP CM 4-t <0 cr CM cr tn -* ►- CV in f- J- i-t cr CD »-l r*. cr J- ro •-< N • O in r\j ro V0 cr -* in cr 4-4 CM 4-t C3 ao N vO ro r^ p ec cr CD in »-t ao r- V0 -* CO SO cr CM in in 10 -*
o in fv (T> t*5 r. ir> cr ro ro ^-t cr- ro J- in O ! in vO CO •0 4-1 in in 4- cr CM ro eo <F |* GC (T J- CT^ cr 03 CS j- «H CD K «-" V0 ro er 10 CM CD CD ro in cr cr vo J-
CM K. a> <\i r^ <r> CVJ rs- »H re a ^H tf. \£> J- CM J in «-t CM U% j- w-i CM CM ro to I • I 1 1 l i l 1 1 I 1 t 1 1 1 1 • 1 i i 1 1
CD O CD P «= C3 : a P= C5 CD CD CD CD O ep CP r- cs CD C? CD e CP f= e= o •= • 11 1 i I 1 » 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 i : 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1
LU LU U- Lu LU u U- li_ tl.' LU u U- LU Lu UJ Lu' LU LU LU LU LU Lu' Lu UJ LU LU LU fw fO ro h «o m N eo CVJ v0 CO \D C" N- o J- cr CM iC CD OO CM V0 h- 4-t CM ^ J" <T 10 J- -T <X) JT j- u; J" -T \D in u> eo <JO V0 10 J- P- CM «-• 4-4 es O' J" CM
^ JO *T) r" ro fr> r«o ro ro ro ro ro ro ro rr rr- r ro ro ro CM 4-1 4-t cr cr eo in vo 00 «D OP co ec cr- ; CO CO 0P 00 a' 0P or ec ou ao on eo eo OP eo a- r- h- r«- OL- «r
i
ro fO fi rr rr ro wt |r. fo ro l»; rr r; r» ro ro ro ro t~. to ro r»: rr m .T
f W o K- K J- «-< »-4 cr V0 i0 ro CD es K .* -* 4-J <r cr »r K »<- CO K. CM «D J- J- o in in ^H h r- CM eo CO ^ O CD in «H 4-f r^ CM CM eo -* * CD in. J" M w* <-l o <o ac N. in in u- CM CM rl O e? CO N. r*- in ^ j- CV. 4-t 4-1 cs eo ** ** h- N- t? CM CVJ in co CO r-t J- j- r- c c= tv IT. in 00 4-< •H J- »N. r»- CD CM
x •v. ?-• m U> cs .* ^ oo pvj *VJ fw w-l »^ in fp »P J- CO CO CM K. r*. •M in in CD ** in K CD co ° rt *H CVJ J- J- ir< K. r^ co «D e= w-t CM CM it in in K eo ao CS 4-i
. ,* *» J- ^ in in . in in in in in IT. m m vo «0 V0 \D U0 10 «0 \0 V0 <S) iDK K
CM |M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 1 o o o a o o CS o es i 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
U. Ul U! Ui u UJ UJ U- UJ t0 CO CM K
r>» in •H r««. in r> rv
1-4 x in in r» -H : »»i v0 (T>
■d- in CM CM KD O o •H J" 0> a *-l •H -H rr 1*5 ec «-< N. CT CD CD ■H CM CM W 05 • . • • • • • • • •
in in 10 t0 \D v0 , <0 10 10
CM £9 eo CD O C3 j ea er in e? p o P ea c.' C3 C3 O
» F ♦ 4- ■*■ * •*• * 4> Ul Ul u u U UJ i UJ UJ Ul e= h- ,* CM CO -H ' in p> J- * r* cr ■ T vO vO rl «f «-• fs. iH cr tn 10 •»-! or a> cr>
a O CM CM ro CT> C a> CD CT1
*Sft at «e> TH CO CO r^ in • - i* • • ■ • • • CM (H 1*5 ro r- N- ' N. CM fO
» ; I 1 1
CP p *-t JH r* »-i j T-I cv K O F O C3 ; C a o
I II 1 l i i ; 1 1 1 UJ U' UJ UJ UJ UJ LL Ul U' K t» M mp* <T N. fw
to in J- CM j- in : -T <H OD cr> o-> cr eo oo ■»-l ^H
X O i» er «n f^ CO CO «M J- JT i» -x ;» J CM ! CM J- CM
j
• i • • • • • • «H «H <H >H >H N C^
1 K.L «H JH cr vo <0 in «H r*. f>~ CM CO CO ■* (H CO f>- in m J- CM CM ■H P CM in OD <o •^ ^ 4NP • !• • ■ • • ' • « •
•4" (O CM f- N <H *w in cs X , «-< «M ■* I* in N K oo e=
Kf- r» K KK ; SN «5
a o o CD CD a a c= O e eo CD ea CD CD
•H CM CM CM CM CM CM CM «-4 «4 «-i •H m* CM CM o a O O C3 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD O O
+ + ■♦• 4> 4> 4> + 4- 4> 4 4 4 4 4. 4
UJ Ul Ul Ui UJ UJ UJ Ul Ul u Ul Ul Ul UJ U >H *-l 10 N. cr in K. eo cr J- ▼-t r*. oo «e s a) cr> a *-l V0 «-t <-l in CD in cr •H vX) CD CD
<r CM CM CM in in m in -* J- U5 ro ro eo eo J- o> \0 10 -a- cr cr •»4 r^ N. «-» J- j- -* cr in c=> s. rw eo in in CM vO V0 r*. ^-i •H CD V0
a «-4 «H «H •H «H >H «H OO ao 10 f> h- «H »-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • 1 III
fO 1*5 ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro CO ro ro ro ro O o c CP o c=> o CD CD CP CD CD CD o o
1 1 1 l 1 « 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ul Ui Ul Ul Ul UJ Ul Ul Ul U. Ui Ul UJ Ui U eo o •-»- in \0 CO r- oo r*» s CM CD r s N in m -* ro ro in to ao CO <r ao •H T*O«
«H in •-I •H in r» rv CM •H «-4 e> CO OO CD 10 a ^4 tn ro CO ao ao J- f«- r- ro CM CM -* CM r»- u\ ao ao cr ■H •H in eo es N> -»■ .* CD .* • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
N. ft. 10 v0 in in in •* ••*■
^ ro ro ro 1*5 CM
CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM O O e CO c ea C O CD CD e= C= CD CD CD
+ + •¥ ■*■ + <♦■ + 4> 4 4 4 4 * .4 4 UJ UJ Ui UJ Ul UJ U Ul Ul UJ UJ Ui U UJ UJ cr -* in v0 r^> c? o J- tO 10 er in in CD ro CM r- in in ro CM CM cr CM CM ru r-' co r^ ro 1 •r* C3 ro ro CO CM CM CD cr <r »-t CD es cr ■H 0> TH ro 1*5 «0 CM CM O o eo in ro ro j- H 0*> C3 CD CD CD ■H T-t CM ro ro -*■ t0 vO <0 •*-!
V0 t«- K r> K r«. N- r- r-. N. N. N r-N oo
, CM CM CM CM CM CM CM r* »-i *-< »H —t •H ^H w* O O o CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD ceo
1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 t • 1 1 1 1 1 UJ U' Ul Ul u< Ul Ul U Ul UJ u u. u, UJ U eo ao CM ao C3 r>- o ao vl •H in CM CM CM ro co CM CM CM C3 r>- eo (^ in Ui CM ro K, r< S ,* «-< 10 <0 J- w-l «H cr CM CV tO cr cr CD «0 «H <T> »i ■H IO CD CD tO CD CD -4- cr cr vo CM
; vo cr 10 V0 -a- in in CD CM CM r« j- ^ 10 CO ^ • • • • • • • • • • • • » • • i vDvCf» N- eo cr cr , • »H «H CD O cr e CD CD c: er en E> CD C?.«H i C P CD CD f& P CD CD CP P CD CD er eo o ! •*■ 4- *■ * '* 4- 4- + 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Ui Ul Ul u Ul u U u> u; UJ UJ UJ U Ul U1
i cr cr 10 ro no cr ro CM CM J- CM cr CM U> f^- J- f5 cr •ri cr ro or .* cv wri ec, CM in cr r*- (0 LTl IT. N. j- cr ao ro or ec r-~ cr (Tn J- CT1 «H j- ^t j- cr cr *-i *-! »H in r- N- c: J UN BO i0 vO •H cr CT' K- o CD in. CD ea j*: ro
CM f»5 -H 1 1
u> 1
in l
CM in u^ tO u\ in »-i i
ro eo «H 1 1 1
CM CM »H »-i w-l T-l *H «H ■H ■w-l TH r* «-l «H >H O C= CD O CS fP cr. CD e= CD a C-i e= op c 2T 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
U' UJ U! U' Ul UJ U U' u U UJ Ul LU UJ U' 1- ■* «H cr cr 1*5 »-i ao CD ao ■-O CD »-4 eD ro oo CK O'1 ro eu eo C\J in -X CD K. r>- CM a. eo oo eo «« ^ J- <0 i0 r in in cr rtj CM in CD CD h- tO U ro «= c c; f er e? nj n-t *-l to cr o- oo ^r
CM rr> t=> CD r° t0 to ao CD er *-i CM CM r j- \-i ~J C\ 40 «-» ■H ■H T-I »H «H CM CM CM CM CM CM CM W 1 1 t 1 1 I • 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 t T er- f> r^ K P- r~ ro r^. er er r»i N N C ^ in o ro t0 «0 C3 ro ro tO CD CD K" tO tO cr ro
& r»> to tO CD r. ro to CD O f; to to o ro 2 cp ro \D V0 CD ro tn tO C CD ro tO tO cr ro
er ro V0 V0 CS ro ro 10 CD CD ro t0 to o ro X cr> cr cr cr CD CD e= CD wi w-i »H •H
t
H N (\J
89
t
\
* S
Ifk <H N. * r«- u\ Nino • • •
C\J J-
I
*-f (T tf» ^ ev «o in j- <\j «0 wl .4 • • •
CM N ,H «»■ m N-
■ \ eoo OWd «4 »4 «4 1 f • «9 e> o O O O OBO ♦ ♦ ♦ + * + 4- ■*■ *•
< UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ K- ts \D \D \D *o to fO (T» .*■ UJ <T> ■* CVJ tn \0 o C\J in N- X tONQ us ■* in <T> in .* *- 0> N- vO ■*4 U\ O* <J\ <X> tn X. (OIAS OO <\i 10 tfi .# W
• • • • • • • • • TO <H CO • 1
tO tO tO
CO W 10 t0 CO «•<
W f> W fO CVJ ▼* BOO O O «3 o o o * ♦ * * * ♦ + + ♦
«t UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ fr_ «\» o< <\J K. M »-l (OS «J ui p> o o OO ^ OJ •H -» O x o» w *-» O CM CO CO «-t «o ym <rimo> o"» oo »-( w co co Z ,* •* .* «* •* w M -*■ vO • • • • • • • • •
*»4 «H «-» v4 «-l *-( •H • <H
I
eo ^
• » *■* tn K. CO
e-
IP
4> * * UJ UJ UJ CO CO cO ooogt j- J- to lOOvt w> .* tn t • •
«■« to in t i
cs o o ♦ ♦ ♦ UJ UJ UJ in .* to COP vO ■H ro <r>
N. *0'C\J t t •
»-• W K
+ + + UJ UJ UJ 0 W CVJ W CVJ CO 4-vO a ■«-• W tO tn «o «-i • • •
in in in 1 i • www o o o + * * UJ UJ UJ 00 s. in vO *o «-i a> oo <JJ> J- CVJ C9 • •
1 I
t\J
•
I
UJ UJ UJ CP M <P eo f) KO 0 ^ h. W t\j a r400 • • •
v\ ** to I I I
to to n O O C9 ♦ + *.
! L' U.'
*-i cs a> o> J- .M
MlftK • • •
•r* +4 w4 1 I I
Ul UJ UJ win co co \0 «H K. N. \c oio> e» jt in • ■ •
M t\J c\J I I I www oeo ■♦■ + -f UJ Ul UJ w4 tO N> a« s. cy
O* O* h^ r«» a» ^H • • •
^H "-• <M • • I
* ■♦■ ♦ UJ UJ UJ Jt ** J» w(\Jtn to in ao
in in j- • • •
NWlft I I I
to t* to Boo
* * "^ Ul UJ UJ
<r> a> tn ■S tO ~4 N. -* <J» •H W J- • • c
CVJ PJ <\l II I
f\J
I
< • • • U o o o o o o oao
iir.
U.I T C K> ^ to C=J r*5 io
o tn %D
« cr PO iD
K r- t~ fC K. cr vO c= tr ro vO C3 lO o n K) «o C3 a> C5 1*5 IT «r cs • • • • • •
-4
to . IE
vO o
POO
er< K. (v •=> K> «D
• • i • PKlO
POO
;
K c< t*
»o o to
t • •
52- -i'' ^^M ^•^^ ^t^ri HHH r-4
90
i
'X a. x
x a CD
I a.
■a o • a C9 CO O O C9 CD a o
«M CM CVJ CM CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CP o to o e o coo CD CO CO * 4. ♦ * * +• ■4 * 4. * 4- 4. lu UJ UJ u- U. UJ UJ U. UJ UJ UJ UJ to in j- CD v0 a N- ^ «B «~t CVJ vO o o ro *? O CVJ r4 HO a» J- j- e to T-l ^ T* CVJ CVJ «=> CVJ CVJ J- N. <r vt in s vO cr j" CVJ m in J- <o \0 tO N. rA <r to CP N. vO tO -*• tO • t .• • "X • • • • • • t
UH CVJ W ro j. to tO tO vO to in cvj 1 1 I i 1 1 1 • 1 i i i
ro ro in irwn M tO CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ e> o o a o o o a o CD o o 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 l 1 1 1
UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ !* cr to <-• KO S (OiCN in J- .* CT tO m O* tO T4 CJ> tO to to to cr» to r- cr T-l co «o h- tO w to CVJ CVJ CM cr OO IV CVJ OO OSS S vO tO cr -♦ to ro o in in in es e- ro in • • • • * • • • • • • •
IN w* T-l T-I CVJ cr J- fw »-( ■»H »-l «H
» 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 fcj CM CM ; CVJ CVJ CVJ cvj CVJ ro ro ro i>o
H *-• '*"' 1 T-l w4 «H TH O ■•H *-» »H T-l P O o 1 O o o O CD O ooo 4 4- * i * 4- * 4- 4- 4. 4- 4- 4- jj U1 UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ U. UJ U> UJ UJ x> co VD ! oc> •rJ AT to ■^ to J" tO OO S- tO in in in o w1 to cr «r «-i CM CT CVJ «o : OO cv in in oo to tO CT> tO t* K T-I i «-i f- ** rtWlO OO CT> CM fo N- er C3 or in in CVJ CD co r^ j- !• • • I • • i • • ! • •_ • • • H *"* CV. ! CM w4 «H rtlAH ^ WiD
U <H "H | • 1 1 1
*-t »H CVJ CM CM »-( CO O 0 i £3 «= F= c o e Poc
II ' I i 1 1 1 1 I 1 .' » ' UJ u UJ ! UJ U UJ Ui »J-' UJ UJ U- U cr> to in , r- a> CVJ in to to vO in CM
*» ■» tO «JD tv m mu\H vor IT to CO tO ! ro to a. tO to cr> cr co cr cr IP s l N. ou m in u <r (T<Trl
r * IT) . i»- ^-> oo «t f tO tO C CM
Ki CVJ CVJ ' CV CVJ «-■ «r< «-< tO lO T< r(
ro N- I I i t 1 1 1 1
co 1 CD K N- S C3 f ro s c f>0 tO K> tO
to C to tO tOCffl W vDo «= , €3 fO tC vOPK, ro tt> o
f> »o c to ro UJ to co ro ro tt cr :». • • 1 • • • • • • • • • fo tO CD . e> ro to to co ro to tO o CVJ cvj to i f to to . «44 j- J- in
f4**"^ i w4 •-4 •-< ^-1
. .1 Hrlf4
C3 ca e O O a a CO C9 CO o a
CM CVJ CVJ CVJ CVJ CM CM T4 T4 T-l T4 T-I CO CO o CO (O CD O CO CO CJ to a 4i 4> * 4> 4- 4> 4/ * 4- 4> 4» 4> UJ UJ UI UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ K. to in CO «4 oo tO CVJ in in vO in tn |w to tO vO T< CO aD CO T-l in ro IS. a in S OO ro tO N. cr tO T-l T-l vO tO «-) T-l vO <S OO CM vO in to a* tO s ^ -» <T ro to in «-• T-l CM s • • • • • • • • • • • •'
CVJ tO J" J- CM *4 T4 ro T4 T4 CM T4
1 I 1 1 1 CM CM ro fo ro cr cr cr cr -*■ cr cr CD co a a co o CD CD O CO to CO
1 1 I 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 » UJ UI UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UI UJ ro O CM o oo CO tO to cr CD CVJ T4
<T> tO N. -3- in OO CT« S <H OO ro ro CM rv ^ ro *H CO cr> •H S cr ro to tO «-i K. r*. in ao cr co OO o* CM tO
CM cK in ct r** ro ro tO vO cr to tO ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • *-» «H OO «o ro cr ' *>os N. in CM
• 1 1 ( l i • ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro r<« ro r^ ro a a co O CD CD CD O "C' o to o 4> * 4> 4- 4- 4- * 4- 4. 4- 4> *
» UJ UJ UJ ; Ui UJ UI UJ U, UJ UJ UJ UJ *-4 in r«- in -*■ cr CM cr o to in cr r- CT> CT> cr ro T^ T-l cr» «o CO S fv «-< ro ro ro -* CO CD T^ in in CO CO ■»-• o> ro ro J- cr cr ro CM CVJ CM TH
»-t «H CM , CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
CD O CO co a CD CO co co CO to to » I I 1 t 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1
Ui UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ U- o OO OO tO S K- in to ^t J- ro r>. «-t *-t ro K? m «H T-l in T-* T- T-l U in CO CM CM OO cr cr cr to tO c; m w-t CM "> in ro CD CD tO CM CM CJ> if>
r> f- tO to in ^t cr CM T4 T-l CT> OO ' • • • • • ■ • • • • • • • ^ CM C\J CM CM PJ CM CM CM CM T-l «-l
|H *-* to «3 TH b CO CO CO to CVJ »H CD O CO co co CO CD «P o CD a co *• * 4- 4> 4. 4> 4> 4- 4- 4- 1 1 UJ UJ UJ UJ U- u, UJ UJ U- u UJ u s ro ec CM CO CD cr e= in U^ h. to r-t K OO 00 «0 OO C5 cr —I f^ 00 CM tO .* ■* J" TH T< T-l fv CVJ CM S (T* CM N. h-i CV. tO cr or.- CM uv U> to CO jf in oo OO CD T-l T-l r J" * a to
ro to T-i in in T4 uu oo '■^t T-l T-l CM m i l I t 1 1 1 1
—{ •-i «-< *-i *J »H T-l T-l T-l TH •H TH o c= O CO CD CO co CO to «= to C> CD
Z 1 1 1 • 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 U! UJ U, UJ U U u. u.' u. UJ UJ UJ
1- C5 J- ^ oo h- ■* aO lO fJ CO in r*. ae cx> tr> ro cr CD CD tL» ro oo oo cr in <r J- ro t2 CD CJ> to in r- CD CO OO CD Q. «H in to to O' in in r- cr es ro CM
CV. a* cr> cr o' ro tr ro to ro CM CM
_J •-! r»* in IT tO h- N- N S r- N- S UJ x r- O CD O CO c CD er co co o to CO CO CO o CD er to en co to CD er cr
CO C CD = CO CD CD CO CO (=3 o o Z t= cf op ec CM tO tO c -» cr ao CM t-t • • • • • • • • • • • • <X CO wH CM CM .* in in r- oo CO 0^ T-l r irk in in in in in in in in in in >o
»H «-l »4 »4 T-l »4 T* T-l T-l T-l ▼4 T4
91
■7
x;
o o o ♦ ♦ ♦ UJ UJ UJ NW« <T» CT> -H «o «o in \DO(M
X Mj* -4 _t «-»
CM CM CM OOO * + + Ul UJ UJ CM a* CM
in in CM J-
CM CM CM ooo 4> UJ
oo «o
00 oo
f*. N.
UJ UJ <r ro CM ro
to CM 00 N.
CM CM <H ooo ♦ * + UJ UJ UJ in ^ CM N5 Jf \D
CM 10 <0 ** CM in
UJ
in «o *4 » i i
to ro ro o o^o * * *- UJ UJ UJ
ro ro ^ «-«in o <p o N- J>vDo) • • •
(CM «M CM
I I I ro fO ro O O O * + ♦ UJ UJ UJ
*-t «-t o o oo ro N. vD «o
• • • CM CM CM I I I
I I I to ro ro
UJ UJ UJ o» ifi in o N- oo K) «± CM oo o ro u\ -f *-• • • •
CM CM CM I I f
OOO
ro«oo CM CM ro
o fO *0 ro
v0 o ro
»-• «-i ro l l l www ooo •♦■ + ♦ UJ UJ UJ 0> CM N» 0O fC o> CM w* O ro «o «o <•■< r* ro
a • • CM m* «4 I I I
! 1
i I
j i
fO K. O ;
fO «C C
o r<- N- e w ifi en ic cr ro tL
K «=» r»* »o e t« v0 P K vo «= ro
W»Co ro a. o Kite
j- J- in
•4 CM CM ooo * * ♦ UJ LUUJ
<T> CM N.
vo in o> in in in • • •
ro «-4 «-t •
ro CM CM ooo * <¥ 4> UJ UJ UJ <r» oo .# a> o »H o o «~» ao wl to ro in vo
CM CM -H OOO * * ♦ UJ UJ UJ in tr» CM CM *4 10 CM J- 0O a» p -H won • • t
CM ro ro ooo ♦ * + UJ ID UJ ao tO J- ** .* r^ CM CM CM ro ro oo u> CM ro
UJ UJ UJ -± .* in in m in oo •«-< ro CM oo N-
• • • -*" oo vO
I to ro to ooo ♦ * ♦ UJ UJ UJ CJ^ CJ^ to in in vD CM ro u> «o N. *-< ro w ro
I <
o o o ♦ * 4. UJ UJ UJ o o \0 O <T» fvj ro o eo in «-* in vo »4 in • • •
vD (T» iO I I t
ro ro ro o o o * + + UJ UJ UJ *-• —i to vo in vo vo in in ▼H vO tO « CM CM
ro i j i
O; Zi
1 i j . 1 !
o. OOO. ooo o a o ooo
_J i 1 1 j -I UJ
i ;
x r~ e> o cec o cr o OOO] </) o o o ooo ooo boo
ooo ° e o ooo Poo 2 c j- oo / 0C CM %D tO t 4 J- oo CM 1-4 • « • "J • • ■ • . • • I • • •
«OHW CM Jt in in K «o » <r V* x in in in in in in in in in in in «o
•H »"• «-l *••»-»«-« «■« «-l w4 n*4H '•N .1 i " -L i I
I.I «-l o o o *H *-i ot «H O a a ▼-i «-t ^t «-i 1-1 er cv
Z o o o a O CD a er cr er o a cr er er cr cr cr
.♦ ♦ * ♦ 1 1 1 1 * *■ + ♦ ■* * * * * * a Ui u. UJ UI Ui UI UI UI u. Ul UJ UJ Ui UJ UJ Ul UJ Ul
10 a o» »-i CP \0 in ao a tO iO o ro in in CD »-l <T>
X <Vi o vO cr »H in CV cr in ro cr ■a CV cr m J- -3- -» o tn CV «-i ^ re .*■ ■«H CV er cr cr ro co a *-4 ro j- -° J- v£> iv v£) j- tw vO CV in r^ er u\ *-■ cv eo O •»-!
X f*. K r- in N. in wH CVJ J- eo in ro ro -* cr <T> cv m
•H o> w ro m CVJ cv CV CV ~* I i 1 l i 1 .» m in in in in in in in in in J> J- J" -* .* ro -a- e c o er o O o a er er o cr o c CD o O cr
1 I • 1 1 i 1 l 1 i 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 LU UI UI UI UJ UJ U* UI Ui UJ UJ UI Ul UJ Ul u_ UJ UJ r^- ro in cv CP o J- CO <T> in vO \D o*> o-> in in eo r»
*•* X a o
«o in rv er <X) in CV ao J- .» v£> CV ro eo CO ■a 1^ ^ J- cr •H N- cr ro CO vO cr CV -* ro j- ro rr> N. r^ ro •v ro in fO cvi ao ^-t i-t CV cr ro .* CO CJ f- ■»-l J- «P -* -4" ro —( N. CT» N. CV CV N- CO J- ^t CV J- in cv »v
M il> CV
1 CV
1 ■4-
1 1 -*■ ro l 1
CV -H 1
•-i «-t -4- CO CO wi uD
www ro to W M ro I-) ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro O O to er CD a cr a cr a a er. D e= CD cr o er * * '♦ * * + + *■ * 4- + * + + + ♦ >♦■ * UI Ui U- . UJ U- UI UJ UI u, UI UJ u. u u. UJ UJ UJ Ui
, ro in '/ r- cr
»-f <T> CT> -* cr J-eo eo r«- «-i eo ro CD tn ro a> in .*- IV -» J- cr «-i er eo m ^H vO in ▼H cr iv
X CK S N. \D in in ro cr <T> CV ro ro cr -* ^f cr cr »•< *H «-< <H «H *-i t-t ▼H CD er a cr tr> t>~ \D OJ vO J- O-
z CV CV CV cvi CVJ CM CV CV CV CV CV ▼H ~4 T4 V* «H ** CV
t ▼H CV CV CV cv CV CV cv cv
«9 O O er a CD er o cr o er o o o o a a cr
1 • UI Ui
... lO O ll. 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 1 1 1 1
u> UJ UJ UJ Ui UJ UJ Ui UJ u UJ UJ U. Ui UJ ' * N- in in v£> J- «=> ro <r> r* eo eo TH ro ro ro iv U\ CV *-< ▼-I o N r- ro »- \u ro f- CV ro r- cr cr cr>
»-4 in TH ID vC C3 CV r.1 j- J» J- o J- -4- in iO in K co X in cv eo CO Ul ^-4 ■>-t N- ro ro -* CV CV er a <T> cv cv a to N- IT m -* r> n »H cr er cr in in «-( vC vO ro er
«H ~* *-i I
v* >r-t «H «-H *-> eo »- r^- U2 i
j- j- ro cv
*4 *H »-4 1
w 1 CV CV »-< •H ^1 «-) •-< *-< ■r* •-) er -r*
C3 «? ks O c o IP o a ' o cr cr ep cr c; cr er o 1 1 i 1 1 1 • l 1 "1 1 1 I 1 1 1 + *
• UI U/ Lu Ui U, U UJ UJ UJ UJ U> UJ u, Ui U UJ UJ U- ' wt PI (r, en in fvj ro er »H «=. c -3-
cr C^«X) iO IV er T-I J- ro t= ^( ee K in CT- en in v£> & • •
r- • ; • • • • • • • • » • • • • •
in J- CV ^H in "~* «-■ *H ^1 cv I* J1 rv ao •
eo 1 1 1
o cr P Cr c a e> cr c. O o cr CD er CD CD o er 1 • ii 1 • l i 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1
U-' UI U. UJ UJ U' UJ lu U. Ul Lu UJ UJ UJ U U- Ul o -» CF> K «-l TH er J- N- eo T-I »- CV eo ro vO KD eo m IM B3 cr UA ^. iO il) ■-• er cv tr« er> ro ed r»> U^ cv C O' N ID e; CV CV C! -* j- a> UO r^ IV rr -T err ^,
^ CV ro N r>- CVJ UL- VO C3 K- r» ir. to \D r^ J- J- 1-- eo CV CM CV OJ rr> f ro -* ^r -3" -T JT ■S j- m ro ▼H CT>
I^N r- N» N f^ r^ » N- N- N- N. r^ K K IV r- *o
CJ C5 er e? e er er er er e=> er> er er er er CJ CD er C9 tD cr e? o cr IP cr Cr C3 CZ> CD cr es CD c; tn er o e> D C? «= o IP O CP •P cr- er O cr CD - er e=. o cv <x» C3 c J- ao CO CV vC UJ er rf J" CO CV CV vD C
I •-< cv .* J- in v£> v£) «p (P a> «-< CV CV ro in in vD cd X . «£> *C lO IO vO «X> vO \D iD «ONr« s- f-- N- K rw iv
' __ . :' * 1. . J_. i i.- - i _.^
93
\
I. ' 00*4 •4'T« <«H *4 *-4 «4 w-t 0 0 O «-4 O (9 «-l *4 e e «P a 0 19 0 e 0 B O (9 0 a 0 000 ♦ ♦ 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 * * ♦ I ■*• * ♦ *
'^' tu UJ UJ UJ LU UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ W UJ UJ UJ UJ t- *-4 W K- in »-» *-4 wt a* m (Or4K in w \D tT» tT CM UJ O N- ^1 in «-• uo w 0 ^ -H 0* r*- MCOO ro w 0 X CM er> jf ^ in .* ^ vO CM •* w in »o •«-» w u> in o> l-i w in .* o> -*■ J- ^ «o J- ■* co m w w ^ ^ f- «o
*. in CM a> -*■ CM o> in «o w* r> ^ •H CM «H K. 10 W 10
(Of4 Q> (J> T-l w & ■& N. CO »■* CM CM <J> K. N. W l«w 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 WWW w w w www www WWW W W CM 0 0 0 e 0 a 00a O O C9 e 0 a OOO ♦ * •♦ ♦ ♦ * + 4. * +*>•*■ + + ♦ 4> * *
<r UJ Ul UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ k. e 0 N. W 0» <T> 00 0 OO W t= *. .* CM CO C3 UJ Ul vO cs-CM CM a m inss «0 eO CM ^ CM CO in in ^
Ift •* w W N- CM CM co in in CM vO vO S (T 0 w rj W CM «M CM CM w w w -* -* in in in j- 0 *-) CM o> CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM NH J
_ j
1
1
i
i ]
i i
O O O O 0 a 00a 0 C9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
COD CBD 'OP C
CM «0 CS
e> e o ceo opo ceo p c o oeo CStPO pop COO c 4 co eo CM a. a> c? .?
000 .? CO C\J
*-• CVJ j-
t L
^ in v0 U3 U3 \D
\0 «0 tT> 03 lO MD
a» «H CM tONK
CM w in *• N N-
in u? co f^ K K
_>a 1 —
9^
Jh
::A
Ar
~ -)' jl. -.'■■' CR.Zrn."''1'?.":" '0, :JZ
In.t'ri^ial ; r,'..-".
r . a c j i an i1 c 3 J. /i- ■' '■1 J^CO'^J;
-^ ---^ —. v^ p ,.
■ •"-> ,~ /~> -i ,"> ■■ -, ; fw
197' i"5 "10.'.'.''.'''3-'
. .C Ci a-llcal -ill""! —
no or in;; "n Ja:iaar;r "015 •* After June 1?7;<,
'■:or''-in"-; :°cr the Vonosnolan -.oirochor:ical Inatitr.to at their
■ 7i.il cortini'
Central inf"? iioorin~ V^iiicoc at Garacaa, Vonenreha