45 Pressure Flow Friction loss through PVC pipe is normally obtained by using the Hazen-Williams equation shown below for water: f = 0.2083 x ( 100 ) 1.852 x Q 1.852 C di 4.8655 Where: f = friction head loss in feet of water per 100 feet of pipe C = constant for inside pipe roughness (C = 150 for ABS and PVC pipe) Q = flow in U.S. gallons per minute di = inside diameter of pipe in inches Friction Loss Through Fittings The friction loss through fittings is considered to be equivalent to the loss through a certain number of linear feet of pipe of the same diameter as the fittings. To determine the loss through a piping system, add together the number of “equivalent feet” calculated for the fittings in the system. The chart below shows approximate friction losses, in equivalent feet, for a variety of Schedule 40 & 80 PVC and CPVC fittings of different sizes. The table on page 49 shows friction heads in feet and friction losses in psi for Schedule 40 pipe. It also shows the gallons per minute (GPM) and velocities (in feet per second) for various pipe sizes. Fitting 1 ⁄2” 3 ⁄ 4” 1” 1 1 ⁄ 4” 1 1 ⁄2” 2” 2 1 ⁄2” 3” 4” 6” 8” Tee (Run) 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.7 4.3 5.1 6.2 8.3 12.5 16.5 Tee (Branch) 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.3 8.4 12.0 15.0 16.4 22.0 32.7 49.0 90° Elbow 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.8 4.0 5.7 6.9 7.9 12.0 18.0 22.0 45° Elbow .80 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 8.0 10.6 Male/Female Adapter 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.75 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 9.0 14.0 — Approximate Friction Loss For PVC and CPVC Fittings In Equivalent Feet Of Straight Pipe Water Velocities Water velocities in feet per second may be calculated as follows: V = 0.408709 Q di 2 Where: V = velocity in feet per second Q = flow in U.S. gallons per minute di = inside diameter of pipe in inches DESIGN & ENGINEERING DATA
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45
Pressure Flow
Friction loss through PVC pipe is normally obtained by using the Hazen-Williams equation shown below for water:
f = 0.2083 x (100) 1.852 x Q 1.852
C di 4.8655
Where:
f = friction head loss in feet of water per 100 feet of pipeC = constant for inside pipe roughness (C = 150 for ABS
and PVC pipe)Q = flow in U.S. gallons per minute
di = inside diameter of pipe in inches
Friction Loss Through Fittings
The friction loss through fittings is considered to be equivalent to the loss through a certain number of linear feet of pipe of the same diameter as the fittings. To determine the loss through a piping system, add together the number of “equivalent feet” calculated for the fittings in the system.
The chart below shows approximate friction losses, in equivalent feet, for a variety of Schedule 40 & 80 PVC and CPVC fittings of different sizes.
The table on page 49 shows friction heads in feet and friction losses in psi for Schedule 40 pipe. It also shows the gallons per minute (GPM) and velocities (in feet per second) for various pipe sizes.
Fitting 1⁄2” 3⁄4” 1” 11⁄4” 11⁄2” 2” 21⁄2” 3” 4” 6” 8”
Tee (Run) 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.7 4.3 5.1 6.2 8.3 12.5 16.5
Tee (Branch) 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.3 8.4 12.0 15.0 16.4 22.0 32.7 49.0
90° Elbow 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.8 4.0 5.7 6.9 7.9 12.0 18.0 22.0
45° Elbow .80 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 8.0 10.6
Male/Female Adapter 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.75 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 9.0 14.0 —
Approximate Friction Loss For PVC and CPVC Fittings In Equivalent Feet Of Straight Pipe
Water Velocities
Water velocities in feet per second may be calculated as follows:
V = 0.408709 Q di2
Where:
V = velocity in feet per secondQ = flow in U.S. gallons per minutedi = inside diameter of pipe in inches
DESIGN & ENGINEERING DATA
49
0.
55
1.72
3.
17
6.02
12.
77 2
1.75
32.
88 4
6.08
0.
02
0.03
0.
04
0.05
0.
05
0.06
0.
08
0.12
0.
16
0.22
0.
28
0.43
0.
60
0.79
1.
01
1.26
1.
53
3.25
5.
54
2 in
.21 ⁄2
in.
3 in
.
6 in
.
1 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 75 80 90 100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
1000
0
1.
13
2.26
5.
64
7.90
11.
28
0.
51
0.64
0.
77
0.89
1.
02
1.15
1.
28
1.53
1.
79
1.92
2.
05
2.30
2.
56
3.20
3.
84
4.48
5.
11
6.40
7.
67
8.95
10.
23
2.
08
4.16
23.
44 4
3.06
82.
02
0.
03
0.04
0.
06
0.08
0.
11
0.13
0.
16
0.22
0.
30
0.34
0.
38
0.47
0.
58
0.88
1.
22
1.63
2.
08
3.15
4.
41
5.87
7.
52
0.
90
1.80
10.
15 1
8.64
35.
51
0.
013
0.
017
0.
026
0.
035
0.
048
0.
056
0.
069
0.
095
0.
13
0.15
0.
16
0.20
0.
25
0.38
0.
53
0.71
0.
90
1.36
1.
91
2.55
3.
26
0.
63
1.26
3.
16
4.43
6.
32
9.48
12.
65
0.
49
0.57
0.
65
0.73
0.
81
0.97
1.
14
1.22
1.
30
1.46
1.
62
2.03
2.
44
2.84
3.
25
4.06
4.
87
5.69
6.
50
7.31
8.
12
0.
51
1.02
5.
73 1
0.52
20.
04 4
2.46
72.
34
0.02
0.
03
0.03
0.
04
0.05
0.
07
0.10
0.
11
0.13
0.
16
0.19
0.
29
0.40
0.
54
0.69
1.
05
1.46
1.
95
2.49
3.
09
3.76
0.
22
0.44
2.
48
4.56
8.
68 1
8.39
31.
32
0.
009
0.
013
0.
013
0.
017
0.
022
0.
030
0.
043
0.
048
0.
056
0.
069
0.
082
0.
125
0.
17
0.23
5
0.30
0.
45
0.63
0.
85
1.08
1.
34
1.63
0.
77
1.93
2.
72
3.86
5.
79
7.72
9.
65 1
1.58
0.
56
0.67
0.
79
0.84
0.
90
1.01
1.
12
1.41
1.
69
1.97
2.
25
2.81
3.
37
3.94
4.
49
5.06
5.
62
8.43
11.
24
0.
24
0.75
1.
37
2.61
5.
53
9.42
14.
22 1
9.95
0.
009
0.
013
0.
017
0.
022
0.
022
0.
026
0.
035
0.
052
0.
069
0.
096
0.
12
0.19
0.
26
0.34
0.
44
0.55
0.
66
1.41
2.
40
0.
44
1.11
1.
55
2.21
3.
31
4.42
5.
52
6.63
7.
73
8.84
9.
94 1
1.05
0.
65
0.81
0.
97
1.14
1.
30
1.63
1.
94
2.27
2.
59
2.92
3.
24
4.86
6.
48
8.11
9.
72
0.
14
0.44
0.
81
1.55
3.
28
5.59
8.
45 1
1.85
15.
76 2
0.18
25.
10 3
0.51
0.
03
0.03
5
0.04
0.
055
0.
07
0.11
0.
16
0.21
0.
27
0.33
0.
40
0.85
1.
45
2.20
3.
07
0.
06
0.19
0.
35
0.67
1.
42
2.42
3.
66
5.13
6.
82
8.74
10.
87 1
3.21
0.
012
0.
015
0.
017
0.
024
0.
030
0.
048
0.
069
0.
091
0.
12
0.14
0.
17
0.37
0.
63
0.95
1.
33
0.
33
0.81
1.
13
1.62
2.
42
3.23
4.
04
4.85
5.
66
6.47
7.
27
8.08
9.
70
0.
82
1.03
1.
23
1.44
1.
64
1.85
2.
05
3.08
4.
11
5.14
6.
16
8.21
10.
27
0.
07
0.22
0.
38
0.72
1.
53
2.61
3.
95
5.53
7.
36
9.43
11.
73 1
4.25
19.
98
0.
027
0.
035
0.
05
0.06
5
0.09
0.
11
0.13
0.
28
0.48
0.
73
1.01
1.
72
2.61
0.
03
0.09
0.
17
0.31
0.
66
1.13
1.
71
2.39
3.
19
4.08
5.
08
6.17
8.
65
0.
012
0.
015
0.
022
0.
028
0.
039
0.
048
0.
056
0.
12
0.21
0.
32
0.44
0.
74
1.13
0.
49
0.69
0.
98
1.46
1.
95
2.44
2.
93
3.41
3.
90
4.39
4.
88
5.85
6.
83
7.32
7.
80
8.78
9.
75
1.
01
1.16
1.
30
1.45
2.
17
2.89
3.
62
4.34
5.
78
7.23
8.
68 1
0.12
11.
07
0.
066
0.
11
0.21
0.
45
0.76
1.
15
1.62
2.
15
2.75
3.
43
4.16
5.
84
7.76
8.
82
9.94
12.
37 1
5.03
0.
027
0.
04
0.05
0.
06
0.12
0.
20
0.31
0.
43
0.73
1.
11
1.55
2.
07
2.66
0.
029
0.
048
0.
091
0.
19
0.33
0.
50
0.70
0.
93
1.19
1.
49
1.80
2.
53
3.36
3.
82
4.30
5.
36
6.51
0.
012
0.
017
0.
022
0.
026
0.
052
0.
087
0.
13
0.19
0.
32
0.49
0.
67
0.90
1.
15
0.
30
0.49
0.
68
1.03
1.
37
1.71
2.
05
2.39
2.
73
3.08
3.
42
4.10
4.
79
5.13
5.
47
6.15
6.
84
8.55
10.
26
1.
18
1.77
2.
37
2.96
3.
56
4.74
5.
93
7.12
8.
30
9.49
10.
68 1
1.86
13.
05 1
4.24
15.
42 1
6.61
17.
79
0.
038
0.
051
0.
09
0.19
0.
32
0.49
0.
68
0.91
1.
16
1.44
1.
75
2.46
3.
27
3.71
4.
19
5.21
6.
33
9.58
13.
41
0.
03
0.07
0.
12
0.19
0.
27
0.46
0.
70
0.98
1.
30
1.67
2.
08
2.53
3.
02
3.55
4.
11
4.72
5.
36
0.
016
0.
023
0.
039
0.
082
0.
14
0.21
0.
29
0.39
0.
50
0.62
0.
76
1.07
1.
42
1.61
1.
81
2.26
2.
74
4.15
5.
81
0.
01
0.03
0.
05
0.08
0.
12
0.20
0.
30
0.42
0.
56
0.72
0.
90
1.09
1.
31
1.54
1.
78
2.04
2.
32
0.
22
0.31
0.
44
0.66
0.
88
1.10
1.
33
1.55
1.
77
1.99
2.
21
2.65
3.
09
3.31
3.
53
3.98
4.
42
5.52
6.
63
7.73
8.
83 1
1.04
0.
91
1.36
1.
82
2.27
2.
72
3.63
4.
54
5.45
6.
36
7.26
8.
17
9.08
9.
99 1
0.90
11.
80 1
2.71
13.
62 1
4.53
15.
44 1
6.35
17.
26 1
8.16
0.
015
0.
021
0.
03
0.07
0.
11
0.17
0.
23
0.31
0.
40
0.50
0.
60
0.85
1.
13
1.28
1.
44
1.80
2.
18
3.31
4.
63
6.16
7.
88 1
1.93
0.
02
0.04
0.
07
0.10
0.
14
0.24
0.
37
0.51
0.
68
0.87
1.
09
1.32
1.
58
1.85
2.
15
2.46
2.
80
3.15
3.
53
3.92
4.
34
4.77
0.
007
0.
009
0.
013
0.
030
0.
048
0.
074
0.
10
0.13
0.
17
0.22
0.
26
0.37
0.
49
0.55
0.
62
0.78
0.
94
1.43
2.
00
2.67
3.
41
5.17
0.
01
0.02
0.
03
0.04
0.
06
0.10
0.
16
0.22
0.
29
0.38
0.
47
0.57
0.
68
0.80
0.
93
1.06
1.
21
1.37
1.
53
1.69
1.
87
2.06
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
GallonsPer MinuteFR
ICTI
ON
LO
SS A
ND
FLO
W V
ELO
CIT
Y FO
R S
CH
ED
ULE
40
THE
RM
OP
LAST
IC P
IPE
1 ⁄2 in
.3 ⁄4
in.
1 in
.11 ⁄4
in.
11 ⁄2 in
.
14 in
.16
in.
12 in
.
10 in
.
8 in
.
5 in
.
4 in
.
(Fri
ctio
n he
ad a
nd fr
ictio
n lo
ss a
re p
er 1
00 fe
et o
f pip
e.) N
OTI
CE
: Flo
w v
eloc
ity
shou
ld n
ot e
xcee
d 5
feet
per
sec
ond.
Vel
ocit
ies
in e
xces
s of
5 f
eet
per
seco
nd m
ay r
esul
t in
sys
tem
fai
lure
and
pr
oper
ty d
amag
e.
50
Plastics Technical Manual
1 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 75 80 90 100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
1000
0
1.
48
2.95
7.
39 1
0.34
0.
57
0.72
0.
86
1.00
1.
15
1.29
1.
43
1.72
2.
01
2.15
2.
29
2.58
2.
87
3.59
4.
30
5.02
5.
73
7.16
8.
60 1
0.03
11.
47
4.
02
8.03
45.
23 8
3.07
0.
04
0.06
0.
08
0.11
0.
14
0.17
0.
21
0.30
0.
39
0.45
0.
50
0.63
0.
76
1.16
1.
61
2.15
2.
75
4.16
5.
83
7.76
9.
93
1.
74
3.48
19.
59 3
5.97
0.
017
0.
026
0.
035
0.
048
0.
061
0.
074
0.
091
0.
13
0.17
0.
19
0.22
0.
27
0.33
0.
50
0.70
0.
93
1.19
1.
81
2.52
3.
36
4.30
0.
74
1.57
3.
92
5.49
7.
84 1
1.76
0.
54
0.63
0.
72
0.81
0.
90
1.08
1.
26
1.35
1.
44
1.62
1.
80
2.25
2.
70
3.15
3.
60
4.50
5.
40
6.30
7.
19
8.09
8.
99
0.
86
1.72
9.
67 1
7.76
33.
84 7
1.70
0.
03
0.04
0.
04
0.06
0.
07
0.10
0.
13
0.14
0.
16
0.20
0.
24
0.37
0.
52
0.69
0.
88
1.34
1.
87
2.49
3.
19
3.97
4.
82
0.
37
0.74
4.
19
7.69
14.
65 3
1.05
0.
013
0.
017
0.
017
0.
026
0.
030
0.
043
0.
056
0.
061
0.
069
0.
087
0.
10
0.16
0.
23
0.30
0.
38
0.58
0.
81
1.08
1.
38
1.72
2.
09
0.
94
2.34
3.
28
4.68
7.
01
9.35
11.
69 1
4.03
0.
63
0.75
0.
88
0.94
1.
00
1.13
1.
25
1.57
1.
88
2.20
2.
51
3.14
3.
76
4.39
5.
02
5.64
6.
27
9.40
12.
54
0.
88
2.75
5.
04
9.61
20.
36 3
4.68
52.
43 7
3.48
0.
03
0.04
0.
05
0.06
0.
07
0.08
0.
10
0.16
0.
22
0.29
0.
37
0.56
0.
78
1.04
1.
33
1.65
2.
00
4.25
7.
23
0.
38
1.19
2.
19
4.16
8.
82 1
5.02
22.
70 3
1.82
0.
013
0.
017
0.
022
0.
026
0.
030
0.
035
0.
043
0.
068
0.
095
0.
12
0.16
0.
24
0.34
0.
45
0.58
0.
71
0.87
1.
84
3.13
0.
52
1.30
1.
82
2.60
3.
90
5.20
6.
50
7.80
9.
10 1
0.40
11.
70 1
3.00
0.
90
1.07
1.
25
1.43
1.
79
2.14
2.
50
2.86
3.
21
3.57
5.
36
7.14
8.
93 1
0.71
0.
21
0.66
1.
21
2.30
4.
87
8.30
12.
55 1
7.59
23.
40 2
9.97
37.
27 4
5.30
0.
045
0.
05
0.07
5
0.09
0.
14
0.20
0.
27
0.34
0.
42
0.51
1.
08
1.84
2.
78
3.98
0.
09
0.29
0.
53
1.00
2.
11
3.59
5.
43
7.62
10.
13 1
2.98
16.
14 1
9.61
0.
019
0.
022
0.
033
0.
039
0.
61
0.08
7
0.12
0.
15
0.18
0.
22
0.47
0.
80
1.20
1.
68
0.
38
0.94
1.
32
1.88
2.
81
3.75
4.
69
5.63
6.
57
7.50
8.
44
9.38
11.
26
0.
90
1.14
1.
36
1.59
1.
81
2.04
2.
27
3.40
4.
54
5.67
6.
80
9.07
11.
34
0.
10
0.30
0.
55
1.04
2.
20
3.75
5.
67
7.95
10.
58 1
3.55
16.
85 2
0.48
28.
70
0.
036
0.
045
0.
07
0.08
5
0.11
0.
14
0.17
0.
36
0.61
0.
92
1.29
2.
19
3.33
0.
041
0.
126
0.
24
0.45
0.
95
1.62
2.
46
3.44
4.
58
5.87
7.
30
8.87
12.
43
0.
015
0.
02
0.03
0.
037
0.
048
0.
061
0.
074
0.
16
0.26
0.
40
0.56
0.
95
1.44
0.
56
0.78
1.
12
1.68
2.
23
2.79
3.
35
3.91
4.
47
5.03
5.
58
6.70
7.
82
8.38
8.
93 1
0.05
11.
17
1.
12
1.28
1.
44
1.60
2.
40
3.20
4.
01
4.81
6.
41
8.01
9.
61 1
1.21
12.
82
0.
10
0.15
0.
29
0.62
1.
06
1.60
2.
25
2.99
3.
83
4.76
5.
79
8.12
10.
80 1
2.27
13.
83 1
7.20
20.
90
0.
037
0.
05
0.06
0.
07
0.15
0.
26
0.40
0.
55
0.94
1.
42
1.99
2.
65
3.41
0.
040
0.
065
0.
13
0.27
0.
46
0.69
0.
97
1.29
1.
66
2.07
2.
51
3.52
4.
68
5.31
5.
99
7.45
9.
05
0.
016
0.
022
0.
026
0.
030
0.
065
0.
11
0.17
0.
24
0.41
0.
62
0.86
1.
15
1.48
0.
39
0.54
0.
78
1.17
1.
56
1.95
2.
34
2.73
3.
12
3.51
3.
90
4.68
5.
46
5.85
6.
24
7.02
7.
80
9.75
11.
70
1.
31
1.96
2.
62
3.27
3.
92
5.23
6.
54
7.85
9.
16 1
0.46
11.
77 1
3.07
14.
39 1
5.70
17.
00 1
8.31
0.
05
0.07
0.
12
0.26
0.
44
0.67
0.
94
1.25
1.
60
1.99
2.
42
3.39
4.
51
5.12
5.
77
7.18
8.
72 1
3.21
18.
48
0.
04
0.09
0.
16
0.25
0.
34
0.59
0.
88
1.24
1.
66
2.12
2.
64
3.20
3.
83
4.49
5.
21
5.99
0.
022
0.
032
0.
052
0.
11
0.19
0.
29
0.41
0.
54
0.69
0.
86
1.05
1.
47
1.95
2.
22
2.50
3.
11
3.78
5.
72
8.00
0.
02
0.04
0.
07
0.11
0.
15
0.25
0.
38
0.54
0.
72
0.92
1.
14
1.38
1.
66
1.95
2.
26
2.60
0.
25
0.35
0.
50
0.75
1.
00
1.25
1.
49
1.74
1.
99
2.24
2.
49
2.99
3.
49
3.74
3.
99
4.48
4.
98
6.23
7.
47
8.72
9.
97 1
2.46
0.
99
1.49
1.
99
2.49
2.
99
3.99
4.
99
5.98
6.
98
7.98
8.
98
9.97
10.
97 1
1.97
12.
97 1
3.96
14.
96 1
5.96
16.
96 1
7.95
0.
02
0.02
8
0.04
0.
09
0.15
0.
22
0.31
0.
42
0.54
0.
67
0.81
1.
14
1.51
1.
72
1.94
2.
41
2.93
4.
43
6.20
8.
26 1
0.57
16.
00
0.
02
0.05
0.
08
0.13
0.
17
0.30
0.
46
0.64
0.
86
1.09
1.
364
1.
66
1.99
2.
324
2.
69
3.09
3.
51
3.96
4.
43
4.93
0.
009
0.
012
0.
017
0.
039
0.
065
0.
095
0.
13
0.18
0.
23
0.29
0.
35
0.49
0.
65
0.74
0.
84
1.04
1.
27
1.92
2.
68
3.58
4.
58
6.93
0.
01
0.02
0.
04
0.05
0.
08
0.13
0.
19
0.28
0.
37
0.48
0.
59
0.72
0.
86
1.00
1.
17
1.33
1.
52
1.71
1.
92
2.13
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
GallonsPer MinuteFR
ICTI
ON
LO
SS A
ND
FLO
W V
ELO
CIT
Y FO
R S
CH
ED
ULE
80
THE
RM
OP
LAST
IC P
IPE
1 ⁄2 in
.3 ⁄4
in.
1 in
.11 ⁄4
in.
11 ⁄2 in
.2
in.
21 ⁄2 in
.3
in.
14 in
.16
in.
12 in
.
10 in
.
6 in
.
5 in
.
4 in
.
(Fri
ctio
n he
ad a
nd fr
ictio
n lo
ss a
re p
er 1
00 fe
et o
f pip
e.)
NO
TIC
E: F
low
vel
ocit
y sh
ould
not
exc
eed
5 fe
et p
er s
econ
d. V
eloc
itie
s in
exc
ess
of 5
fee
t pe
r se
cond
may
res
ult
in s
yste
m f
ailu
re a
nd p
rope
rty
dam
age.
8 in
.
51
0.
30
0.93
1.
70
3.24
6.
86 1
1.68
17.
66 2
4.76
32.
94
0.02
0.
03
0.04
0.
05
0.05
0.
07
0.08
0.
125
0.
18
0.24
0.
30
0.46
0.
63
0.85
1.
08
1.34
1.
63
3.46
5.
89
0.
28
0.56
3.
14
5.76
10.
96 2
3.23
39.
57
0.
02
0.03
0.
04
0.04
0.
05
0.08
0.
10
0.11
0.
13
0.16
0.
19
0.30
0.
41
0.55
0.
70
1.06
1.
48
1.98
2.
53
3.14
3.
82
8.09
1.
00
2.00
11.
25 2
0.66
39.
34
0.
03
0.04
0.
06
0.08
0.
10
0.12
0.
15
0.21
0.
28
0.32
0.
36
0.45
0.
54
0.82
1.
15
1.54
1.
96
2.97
4.
16
5.54
7.
09
8.82
10.
72
0.
023
0.
06
0.08
1
0.17
0.
37
0.63
0.
95
1.34
1.
78
2.27
2.
83
3.44
4.
82
6.41
7.
29
8.21
10.
21 1
2.41
0.
036
0.
04
0.06
0.
07
0.14
0.
24
0.37
0.
51
0.87
1.
33
1.85
2.
47
3.17
3.
93
0.
05
0.15
0.
28
0.52
1.
11
1.89
2.
85
4.00
5.
32
6.81
8.
47 1
0.29
14.
42 1
9.19
21.
80
0.02
7
0.04
5
0.06
0.
08
0.10
0.
13
0.15
0.
33
0.56
0.
85
1.18
2.
02
3.06
4.
27
0.
095
0.
30
0.54
1.
02
2.16
3.
68
5.56
7.
80 1
0.37
13.
28 1
6.52
20.
08 2
8.14
0.
03
0.03
7
0.05
0.
065
0.
08
0.12
5
0.18
0.
24
0.30
0.
37
0.45
0.
96
1.63
2.
47
3.45
5.
87
6 in
.
2 in
.
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
GallonsPer MinuteFR
ICTI
ON
LO
SS A
ND
FLO
W V
ELO
CIT
Y FO
R S
DR
21
THE
RM
OP
LAST
IC P
IPE
1 ⁄2 in
.3 ⁄4
in.
1 in
.11 ⁄4
in.
11 ⁄2 in
.21 ⁄2
in.
3 in
.
12 in
.
10 in
.
8 in
.
5 in
.
4 in
.
(Fri
ctio
n he
ad a
nd fr
ictio
n lo
ss a
re p
er 1
00 fe
et o
f pip
e.)
NO
TIC
E: F
low
vel
ocit
y sh
ould
not
exc
eed
5 fe
et p
er s
econ
d. V
eloc
itie
s in
exc
ess
of 5
fee
t pe
r se
cond
may
res
ult
in s
yste
m f
ailu
re a
nd p
rope
rty
dam
age.
1 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 75 80 90 100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0.
84
1.67
4.
17
5.84
8.
34
0.
50
0.62
0.
75
0.87
1.
00
1.12
1.
25
1.50
1.
75
1.87
2.
00
2.25
2.
50
3.13
3.
75
4.37
4.
99
6.24
7.
49
8.74
9.
99 1
1.24
12.
48
0.
44
0.87
4.
87
8.95
17.
03
0.01
3
0.01
7
0.02
6
0.03
5
0.04
3
0.05
2
0.06
5
0.09
1
0.12
0.
14
0.16
0.
19
0.23
0.
36
0.50
0.
67
0.85
1.
29
1.80
2.
40
3.07
3.
82
4.64
0.
50
0.99
2.
47
3.46
4.
94
7.40
9.
87
0.
49
0.57
0.
65
0.74
0.
82
0.98
1.
14
1.23
1.
31
1.47
1.
63
2.04
2.
45
2.86
3.
27
4.09
4.
90
5.72
6.
54
7.35
8.
17 1
2.26
0.
12
0.24
1.
36
2.49
4.
75 1
0.06
17.
13
0.00
9
0.01
3
0.01
7
0.01
7
0.02
2
0.03
5
0.04
3
0.04
8
0.05
6
0.06
9
0.08
2
0.13
0.
18
0.24
0.
30
0.46
0.
64
0.86
1.
10
1.36
1.
65
3.50
0.
60
1.50
2.
09
2.99
4.
49
5.98
7.
48
8.97
10.
47
0.58
0.
69
0.81
0.
86
0.92
1.
04
1.15
1.
44
1.73
2.
02
2.31
2.
89
3.46
4.
04
4.61
5.
19
5.76
8.
64 1
1.53
0.
13
0.41
0.
74
1.40
2.
97
5.06
7.
65 1
0.72
14.
26
0.
009
0.
013
0.
017
0.
022
0.
022
0.
030
0.
035
0.
054
0.
078
0.
103
0.
13
0.20
0.
27
0.37
0.
47
0.58
0.
71
1.50
2.
55
0.
37
0.93
1.
31
1.86
2.
79
3.72
4.
65
5.58
6.
51
7.44
8.
37
9.30
11.
17
0.
67
0.85
1.
02
1.19
1.
36
1.70
2.
04
2.38
2.
72
3.06
3.
40
5.10
6.
80
8.50
10.
19 1
3.59
0.
04
0.13
0.
23
0.44
0.
94
1.59
2.
41
3.38
4.
49
5.75
7.
15
8.69
12.
18
0.
012
0.
015
0.
022
0.
028
0.
035
0.
054
0.
078
0.
103
0.
13
0.16
0.
19
0.42
0.
64
1.07
1.
49
2.54
0.
29
0.71
0.
99
1.41
2.
12
2.83
3.
54
4.24
4.
95
5.66
6.
36
7.07
8.
49
9.90
10.
61
0.
86
1.10
1.
31
1.54
1.
75
1.97
2.
19
3.29
4.
38
5.48
6.
57
8.76
10.
96 1
3.15
0.
022
0.
065
0.
12
0.23
0.
48
0.82
1.
23
1.73
2.
30
2.95
3.
67
4.46
6.
24
8.31
9.
44
0.01
2
0.02
0
0.02
6
0.03
5
0.04
3
0.05
6
0.06
5
0.14
0.
24
0.37
0.
51
0.87
1.
33
1.85
0.
18
0.45
0.
63
0.90
1.
35
1.80
2.
25
2.71
3.
16
3.61
4.
06
4.51
5.
41
6.31
6.
76
7.21
8.
12
9.02
1.
08
1.24
1.
40
1.55
2.
33
3.11
3.
89
4.66
6.
22
7.77
9.
33 1
0.88
12.
44 1
3.99
0.
010
0.
025
0.
035
0.
074
0.
16
0.27
0.
41
0.58
0.
77
0.98
1.
23
1.49
2.
09
2.78
3.
16
3.55
4.
42
5.37
0.
016
0.
017
0.
026
0.
030
0.
061
0.
10
0.16
0.
22
0.38
0.
57
0.08
1.
07
1.37
1.
70
0.
31
0.43
0.
61
0.92
1.
23
1.53
1.
84
2.15
2.
45
2.76
3.
07
3.68
4.
29
4.60
4.
91
5.52
6.
14
7.67
9.
20 1
0.74
0.
031
0.
044
0.
07
0.14
0.
25
0.37
0.
52
0.70
0.
89
1.11
1.
35
1.89
2.
51
2.85
3.
22
4.00
4.
86
7.36
10.
30 1
3.72
0.
014
0.
020
0.
03
0.06
1
0.11
0.
16
0.23
0.
30
0.39
0.
48
0.58
0.
82
1.09
1.
23
1.39
1.
73
2.10
3.
19
4.46
5.
94
0.
20
0.29
0.
41
0.62
0.
83
1.03
1.
24
1.45
1.
65
1.86
2.
06
2.48
2.
89
3.10
3.
30
3.72
4.
13
5.17
6.
19
7.23
8.
26 1
0.33
0.
015
0.
021
0.
03
0.06
0.
09
0.14
0.
20
0.27
0.
34
0.42
0.
51
0.72
0.
96
1.09
1.
23
1.52
1.
85
2.81
3.
93
5.23
6.
69 1
0.13
0.
006
0.
009
0.
013
0.
026
0.
039
0.
061
0.
087
0.
12
0.15
0.
18
0.22
0.
31
0.42
0.
47
0.53
0.
66
0.80
1.
22
1.70
2.
26
2.90
4.
39
52
Plastics Technical Manual
0.
28
0.56
3.
14
5.76
10.
96 2
3.23
39.
57
0.
02
0.03
0.
03
0.04
0.
05
0.07
0.
09
0.10
0.
12
0.14
0.
18
0.27
0.
37
0.50
0.
63
0.96
1.
34
1.79
2.
28
2.84
3.
45
7.31
0.
29
0.91
1.
66
3.16
6.
69 1
1.40
17.
23 2
4.15
32.
13
0.02
0.
03
0.04
0.
04
0.05
0.
06
0.07
0.
11
0.16
0.
21
0.27
0.
41
0.57
0.
76
0.97
1.
21
1.47
3.
12
5.31
0.
02
0.14
0.
25
0.47
1.
00
1.71
2.
59
3.63
4.
83
6.18
7.
69
9.34
13.
10 1
7.42
19.
80 2
2.31
27.
75 3
3.73
0.
027
0.
04
0.05
0.
075
0.
09
0.11
0.
14
0.29
0.
50
0.76
1.
06
1.81
2.
74
3.84
0.
01
0.04
5
0.08
0.
16
0.33
0.
57
0.86
1.
21
1.61
2.
06
2.56
3.
11
4.36
5.
80
6.60
7.
43
9.25
11.
24
0.
04
0.04
0.
05
0.06
0.
13
0.22
0.
34
0.46
0.
79
1.20
1.
67
2.22
2.
86
3.54
1.
00
2.00
11.
25 2
0.66
39.
34
0.
02
0.04
0.
05
0.07
0.
09
0.11
0.
14
0.19
0.
25
0.29
0.
32
0.40
0.
49
0.74
1.
04
1.39
1.
77
2.68
3.
75
5.00
6.
39
7.95
9.
66
0.
085
0.
27
0.49
0.
92
1.96
3.
34
5.04
7.
07
9.41
12.
05 1
4.98
18.
21
0.
03
0.03
7
0.04
0.
06
0.07
0.
11
0.16
0.
21
0.27
0.
33
0.41
0.
86
1.47
2.
23
3.11
5.
30
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
Friction LossPounds PerSquare Inch
Friction HeadFeet
VelocityFeet Per Second
GallonsPer MinuteFR
ICTI
ON
LO
SS A
ND
FLO
W V
ELO
CIT
Y FO
R S
DR
26
THE
RM
OP
LAST
IC P
IPE
1 ⁄2 in
.3 ⁄4
in.
1 in
.11 ⁄4
in.
11 ⁄2 in
.2
in.
21 ⁄2 in
.3
in.
12 in
.
10 in
.
8 in
.
6 in
.
5 in
.
4 in
.
(Fri
ctio
n he
ad a
nd fr
ictio
n lo
ss a
re p
er 1
00 fe
et o
f pip
e.)
NO
TIC
E: F
low
vel
ocit
y sh
ould
not
exc
eed
5 fe
et p
er s
econ
d. V
eloc
itie
s in
exc
ess
of 5
fee
t pe
r se
cond
may
res
ult
in s
yste
m f
ailu
re a
nd p
rope
rty
dam
age.
1 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 75 80 90 100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0.
84
1.67
4.
17
5.84
8.
34
0.
48
0.60
0.
72
0.84
0.
96
1.08
1.
20
1.44
1.
67
1.79
1.
91
2.15
2.
39
2.99
3.
59
4.19
4.
79
5.98
7.
18
8.38
9.
57 1
0.77
11.
96
0.
43
0.86
4.
87
8.95
17.
03
0.
009
0.
017
0.
022
0.
030
0.
039
0.
048
0.
061
0.
082
0.
11
0.13
0.
14
0.17
0.
21
0.33
0.
45
0.60
0.
77
1.16
1.
62
2.17
2.
77
3.44
4.
18
0.
50
0.99
2.
47
3.46
4.
94
7.40
9.
87
0.
47
0.55
0.
63
0.71
0.
78
0.94
1.
10
1.18
1.
25
1.41
1.
57
1.96
2.
35
2.74
3.
13
3.92
4.
70
5.49
6.
27
7.05
7.
84 1
1.75
0.
12
0.24
1.
36
2.49
4.
74 1
0.06
17.
13
0.00
9
0.01
3
0.01
3
0.01
7
0.02
2
0.03
0
0.03
9
0.04
3
0.05
2
0.06
1
0.07
8
0.12
0.
16
0.22
0.
27
0.42
0.
58
0.77
0.
99
1.23
1.
49
3.17
0.
59
1.48
2.
08
2.96
4.
44
5.92
7.
40
8.88
10.
36
0.
55
0.66
0.
77
0.83
0.
88
0.99
1.
10
1.39
1.
66
1.94
2.
21
2.76
3.
31
3.87
4.
42
4.97
5.
52
8.28
11.
05
0.
13
0.39
0.
72
1.37
2.
90
4.94
7.
46 1
0.46
13.
91
0.00
9
0.01
3
0.01
7
0.01
7
0.02
2
0.02
6
0.03
0
0.04
7
0.06
9
0.09
1
0.12
0.
18
0.25
0.
33
0.42
0.
52
0.64
1.
35
2.30
0.
36
0.90
1.
25
1.79
2.
68
3.58
4.
47
5.36
6.
26
7.15
8.
04
8.94
0.
66
0.83
0.
98
1.14
1.
30
1.63
1.
95
2.28
2.
61
2.93
3.
26
4.89
6.
51
8.15
9.
77 1
3.03
0.
037
0.
117
0.
21
0.40
0.
85
1.45
2.
18
3.06
4.
07
5.22
6.
49
7.88
0.
012
0.
015
0.
017
0.
026
0.
030
0.
048
0.
069
0.
091
0.
12
0.14
0.
18
0.37
0.
64
0.96
1.
35
2.29
0.
27
0.68
0.
96
1.36
2.
04
2.72
3.
40
4.08
4.
76
5.44
6.
12
6.80
8.
16
9.52
10.
19 1
0.87
12.
23 1
3.59
0.
83
1.05
1.
26
1.47
1.
68
1.89
2.
10
3.14
4.
19
5.27
6.
29
8.38
10.
48 1
2.58
0.
0087
0.
059
0.
104
0.
20
0.43
0.
74
1.12
1.
57
2.09
2.
68
3.33
4.
04
5.67
7.
54
8.57
9.
66 1
2.02
14.
61
0.
012
0.
017
0.
022
0.
033
0.
039
0.
048
0.
061
0.
13
0.22
0.
33
0.46
0.
78
1.19
1.
66
0.
17
0.44
0.
61
0.87
1.
30
1.73
2.
16
2.60
3.
03
3.46
3.
90
4.33
5.
19
6.06
6.
49
6.92
7.
79
8.66
1.
04
1.19
1.
34
1.49
2.
23
2.98
3.
73
4.47
5.
96
7.45
8.
94 1
0.43
11.
92 1
3.41
0.
004
0.
020
0.
035
0.
069
0.
14
0.25
0.
37
0.52
0.
70
0.89
1.
11
1.35
1.
89
2.51
2.
86
3.22
4.
01
4.87
0.
017
0.
017
0.
022
0.
026
0.
056
0.
095
0.
15
0.20
0.
34
0.52
0.
72
0.96
1.
24
1.53
0.
30
0.42
0.
59
0.88
1.
18
1.47
1.
77
2.06
2.
35
2.65
2.
94
3.53
4.
12
4.41
4.
71
5.30
5.
89
7.36
8.
83 1
0.31
0.
025
0.
035
0.
06
0.13
0.
22
0.34
0.
47
0.63
0.
81
1.00
1.
22
1.71
2.
27
2.58
2.
91
3.62
4.
39
6.65
9.
31 1
2.40
0.
011
0.
015
0.
026
0.
056
0.
095
0.
15
0.20
0.
27
0.35
0.
43
0.53
0.
74
0.98
1.
12
1.26
1.
57
1.90
2.
88
4.03
5.
37
0.
20
0.28
0.
40
0.59
0.
79
0.99
1.
19
1.39
1.
59
1.78
1.
98
2.38
2.
78
2.97
3.
17
3.57
3.
97
4.96
5.
95
6.94
7.
93
9.92
0.
01
0.01
4
0.02
0.
05
0.09
0.
13
0.18
0.
24
0.31
0.
38
0.47
0.
65
0.87
0.
99
1.11
1.
38
1.68
2.
54
3.56
4.
74
6.07
9.
18
0.
0045
0.
0063
0.
009
0.
022
0.
039
0.
056
0.
078
0.
10
0.13
0.
16
0.20
0.
28
0.38
0.
43
0.48
0.
60
0.73
1.
10
1.54
2.
05
2.63
3.
98
53
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
125
1.
71
3.42
5.
13
6.83
8.
54
10.2
5
11.9
6
13.6
7
15.3
8
17.0
8
Head LossFeet of WaterPer 100 Ft.
VelocityFeet Per Second
GallonsPer Minute
FRIC
TIO
N L
OSS
AN
D F
LOW
VE
LOC
ITY
FOR
SD
R 1
1 C
TS C
PV
C T
HE
RM
OP
LAST
IC P
IPE
(Fri
ctio
n he
ad a
nd f
rict
ion
loss
are
per
100
fee
t of
pip
e.)
NO
TIC
E: F
low
vel
ocit
y sh
ould
not
exc
eed
8 fe
et p
er s
econ
d. V
eloc
itie
s in
exc
ess
of 8
fee
t pe
r se
cond
may
res
ult
in s
yste
m f
ailu
re a
nd p
rope
rty
dam
age.
1 ⁄2 i
n.
PressureLoss PSI
Per 100 Ft.
3.
19
11.5
3
24.4
3
41.6
2
62.9
1
88.1
8 1
17.3
2 1
50.2
3 1
86.8
5 2
27.1
1
1.
38
5.00
10
.59
18
.04
27
.27
38
.23
50
.86
65
.13
81
.00
98
.45
0.
80
1.60
2.
40
3.20
4.
00
4.79
5.
59
6.39
7.
19
7.99
11
.99
15
.98
Head LossFeet of WaterPer 100 Ft.
VelocityFeet Per Second
3 ⁄4 in
.
PressureLoss PSI
Per 100 Ft.
0.
50
1.82
3.
85
6.55
9.
91
13.8
9
18.4
7
23.6
6
29.4
2
35.7
6
75.7
8 1
29.1
1
0.
22
0.79
1.
67
2.84
4.
29
6.02
8.
01
10.2
6
12.7
6
15.5
0
32.8
5
55.9
7
0.
48
0.96
1.
44
1.93
2.
41
2.89
3.
37
3.85
4.
33
4.82
7.
22
9.63
12
.04
14
.45
16
.86
Head LossFeet of WaterPer 100 Ft.
VelocityFeet Per Second
1 in
.
PressureLoss PSI
Per 100 Ft.
0.
15
0.53
1.
12
1.91
2.
89
4.05
5.
39
6.90
8.
58
10.4
3
22.1
1
37.6
7
56.9
4
79.8
2 1
06.1
9
0.
06
0.23
0.
49
0.83
1.
25
1.76
2.
34
2.99
3.
72
4.52
9.
58
16.3
3
24.6
9
34.6
0
46.0
3
Head LossFeet of WaterPer 100 Ft.
VelocityFeet Per Second
11 ⁄4 in
.
PressureLoss PSI
Per 100 Ft.
1.
09
3.
94
8.35
14
.23
21
.51
30
.15
40
.11
51
.37
63
.89
77
.66
92
.65
0.
47
1.
71
3.62
6.
17
9.33
13
.07
17
.39
22
.27
27
.70
33
.66
40
.16
1.
16
2.
31
3.47
4.
63
5.78
6.
94
8.09
9.
25
10.4
1
11.5
6
12.7
2
13.8
8
16.1
9
Head LossFeet of WaterPer 100 Ft.
VelocityFeet Per Second
11 ⁄2 in
.PressureLoss PSI
Per 100 Ft.
0.
49
1.
75
3.71
6.
33
9.56
13
.40
17
.83
22
.83
28
.40
34
.52
41
.18
48
.38
64
.37
0.
21
0.
76
1.61
2.
74
4.15
5.
81
7.73
9.
90
12.3
1
14.9
6
17.8
5
20.9
7
27.9
0
0.
68
1.
35
2.03
2.
70
3.38
4.
05
4.73
5.
40
6.08
6.
75
7.43
8.
10
9.46
10
.61
12
.16
13
.51
16
.89
Head LossFeet of WaterPer 100 Ft.
VelocityFeet Per Second
2 in.
PressureLoss PSI
Per 100 Ft.
0.
13
0.
49
1.03
1.
76
2.66
3.
73
4.96
6.
35
7.89
9.
60
11.4
5
13.4
5
17.8
9
22.9
1
28.5
0
34.6
4
52.3
7
0.
06
0.
21
0.45
0.
76
1.15
1.
62
2.15
2.
75
3.42
4.
16
4.96
5.
83
7.76
9.
93
12.3
5
15.0
2
22.7
0
1.
61
3.
23
4.84
6.
46
8.07
9.
68
11.3
0
12.9
1
14.5
2
16.1
4
17.7
5
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