Design and Manufacture Homework Higher Level Design Process 1. To which stages in the design process is the client able to make a contribution? 2. Describe briefly the contribution the client is able to make at each of these stages. 3. Write down how you feel each of the ‘experts’ shown in the diagram (see p.10) might help the designer. 4. Choose two of these experts and describe how they would keep their expertise up to date. 5. The success of any design team depends on good communication. List six methods of communication members of a design team could use to communicate with each other. 2 Design and Manufacture Homework Higher Level Design Brief and Analysis 1. Explain the difference between a ‘closed brief’ and an ‘open brief’. 2. What type of information is likely to be exchanged between a designer and a client when the design brief is being discussed? 3. Explain how writing out a design brief analysis can help with writing a specification. 4. How could the client help the designer with the design brief analysis? 1
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Design and Manufacture Homework 2 Higher Level Design ...€¦ · Lifestyle Board/ Mood Board/ Lateral Thinking/ Thought Showers/ Morphological Analysis 1. Describe how a lifestyle
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Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Design Process
1. To which stages in the design process is the client able to make a
contribution?
2. Describe briefly the contribution the client is able to make at each of
these stages.
3. Write down how you feel each of the ‘experts’ shown in the diagram
(see p.10) might help the designer.
4. Choose two of these experts and describe how they would keep their
expertise up to date.
5. The success of any design team depends on good communication.
List six methods of communication members of a design team could
use to communicate with each other.
2
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Design Brief and Analysis
1. Explain the difference between a ‘closed brief’ and an ‘open brief’.
2. What type of information is likely to be exchanged between a
designer and a client when the design brief is being discussed?
3. Explain how writing out a design brief analysis can help with writing a
specification.
4. How could the client help the designer with the design brief analysis?
1
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Market Research and Specifications
1) A company is designing a new vacuum cleaner and wishes to carry out
some market research. Describe the type of information that can be
found out by:
a) Observing end users
b) Questioning consumers
c) Examining other similar products
2) What type of work is normally carried out using desk research?
3) Write down five things you would include in the specification for a
domestic iron.
4) What type of information would you expect to find in a technical
specification?
5) Explain the difference between a closed question and an open one.
6) What types of activity are normally carried out doing primary research?
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Design Development
1. In the design of a new vacuum cleaner the designer only
concentrates on the functional aspects. How is this likely to affect:
a. The way the product looks
b. How the product affects the environment
c. The overall cost of the product?
2. Describe briefly how neglecting these three areas could affect sales
of the vacuum cleaner.
3 4
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Lifestyle Board/ Mood Board/ Lateral Thinking/ Thought Showers/
Morphological Analysis
1. Describe how a lifestyle board could be used at the evaluation stage
when designing a new product.
2. What types of images are useful for a lifestyle board?
3. Explain the difference between a mood board and a lifestyle board.
4. Give an example of a product whose appearance is designed to
reflect a mood or feeling.
5. Write down the five stages used to describe creative thinking.
6. List three products that you feel are unusual or different from what
you expected the product to be. Discuss what you felt was different
about each of them.
7. Explain the difference between thought showering and brainwriting.
8. Write down two advantages and two disadvantages that thought
showering has over brainwriting.
9. Describe the method of generating design ideas through
morphological analysis.
10. What features of this process make it particularly suited to someone
working on their own?
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Design Stories/ Technology Transfer/ Mind Maps/ Research and
Development
1. Explain briefly how writing a design story can help you write a
specification.
2. Explain how writing a design story from more than one person’s
point of view is useful.
3. Explain what is meant by the term ‘Technology Transfer’.
4. Give three examples of different product types that use the same
technology.
5. Describe how to produce a mind map.
6. What is the purpose of producing a mind map?
7. List four areas a research and development team may investigate to
design a new product or improve an existing one.
8. Explain what is meant by simulation and describe how it can differ
from testing.
5 6
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Communicating Ideas/ Analysis/ Synthesis
1. List five different types of drawing that could be used to
communicate ideas.
2. What advantages does a fully crafted block model have over a
presentation drawing when presenting the idea to the client?
3. What advantages does pencil sketching provide over other methods
of communication in the early stages of designing?
4. A designer has produced a range of different design ideas. Explain
how both analysis and synthesis can be used at the stage.
5. What type of work will be undertaken during the analysis of a range
of proposed solutions?
6. Explain the difference between analysis and synthesis.
7. Describe what convergent thinking means.
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Product Testing/ Model-making/ Evaluation
1. Define the term ‘end-user’.
2. Describe how concept testing could be carried out.
3. Write down three types of model that could be used by a designer
when developing a new product. Discuss the advantages of each of
these models.
4. Describe where and why a designer would use Styrofoam to model in
preference to a solid material.
5. Write down five considerations, which are important in the design of
a domestic iron.
6. Explain what is meant by a comparative study.
7. Describe the conditions under which a comparative study should be
carried out.
7 8
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Defining the Market/ Market Segments/ The Marketing Mix
1. Explain the difference between the potential market and the
available market.
2. Why is it necessary for a designer to know exactly who a product is
being designed for?
3. Give four examples of how effective market research would highlight
aspects such as interest, income and access.
4. What is meant by the term ‘target market’?
5. Describe two ways in which a market group can be selected.
6. What is a market niche?
7. Describe three of the factors that contribute to the final sale price of
a product.
8. Explain how the four Ps can influence the demand for a product.
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Needs/ Wants/ Technology Push – Market Pull
1. Use examples of products to explain the difference between needs
and wants.
2. Give an example of two products that satisfy a human need. State
clearly what the need is in each case.
3. Give three examples of products that you feel people have bought to
boost their personal image. Give reasons for your choice.
4. Discuss how the design and the marketing of a product can make it
desirable.
5. Describe what is meant by the terms ‘market pull’ and ‘technology
push’.
6. Name two products that you feel have been designed as a result of
each of these strategies.
9 10
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Marketing or Selling/ Benefits of Product Design
1. Describe what you think are the differences between marketing and
selling.
2. Explain what is meant by the term a ‘sellers market’.
3. Write down four ways in which a product can offer a benefit to its
user.
4. Discuss how improving the aesthetics of a product offers a benefit to
the user.
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Product Planning/ Product Life Cycle/ Product Life Analysis
1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘diversification’.
2. Why is this strategy of product planning risky for a company?
3. How could market research help companies who are thinking or
diversifying?
4. Explain what factors would cause a product to go into decline.
5. Why are sales so slow during the early part of the introduction
phase?
6. What is meant by the ‘cradle to grave’ approach to designing
products?
7. Make a list of all the people who will come into contact with a mobile
phone starting at the assembly stage.
11 12
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Planned Obsolescence/ Redundancy
1. Using examples describe the concept of obsolescence with regard to
product design.
2. What effect does designed obsolescence have on
a. The consume
b. The environment?
3. What is meant by the term ‘redundancy’?
4. Give one example where redundancy could be described as a safety
feature in a product.
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Fashion and Style/ Safety
1. Discuss, using examples, the difference between fashion and style.
2. List two products that are currently in fashion.
3. What do you think may cause them to go out of fashion?
4. Write down six safety considerations that should be made in the
design of power tools to safeguard anyone who comes into contact
with them.
5. Explain why the safety of children should be considered in the design
of all household products even though only adults are meant to use
them.
13 14
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Technological Opportunity/ Fitness for Purpose/ Social Responsibilities
1. Give two of your own examples of products that have been
developed as a result of technological opportunity. Justify your
answers.
2. What is meant by the term ‘technology transfer’?
3. Describe what is meant by the term ‘fitness for purpose’.
4. Give two examples of products that are fit for purpose but would
perform or function badly if used in the wrong circumstances.
5. Give two examples of how both the designer and the consumer could
act in a more socially responsible way.
6. How can product designers influence clients and consumers to be
more socially responsible?
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Product Evolution/ Product Types/ Miniaturisation
1. Use an example of a product to describe incremental change.
2. Write down three things that can cause a product to evolve in some
way.
3. Compare the Victorian cast-iron kettle with the other two shown on
page 92. What technological changes have made the changes in
design possible?
4. What does the term ‘product type’ mean? Use examples to illustrate
your answer.
5. List ten products that have benefited from miniaturisation.
6. Give an example of two products that are now able to combine
features and functions as a result of miniaturisation.
15 16
Design and Manufacture Homework
Higher Level
Systems Diagrams/ Sustainable Design/ Social Behaviour
1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘Black Box technology’.
2. Produce a universal systems diagram for a hairdryer.
3. List five products that have been designed to reduce the amount of
energy they use compared to other similar products.
4. Write down four ways that a designer could attempt to make a
product more ‘green’.
5. Briefly describe two psychological factors that can influence the
products we buy. Use examples of products to illustrate your answer.
6. Describe how people’s lifestyles can influence the products they buy.