Design and Technology 8552 Industry and enterprise Unit 1 New and emerging technologies 1
Design and Technology 8552
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1New and emerging technologies
1
• Understand the impact of new and emerging
technologies on:
• The design and organisation of the workplace
• Tools and equipment
• Be aware of how computers and automation have
changed manufacturing through the use of robotics
• Understand how innovation can drive product
development and enterprise including the use of
crowd funding and virtual marketing
• Understand co-operative and fair trade organisation
Objectives
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Old technology
• Early man began to invent tools to aid everyday life
• Even in the Stone Age, ‘modern’ technology
changed the way people lived
• How would new tools such as simple stone axes and knives
have affected the lives of prehistoric people?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Embracing change
• Technologists over the millennia have embraced
change, refined ideas and developed new ideas
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
The industrial revolution c.1780
• The late 1700s saw the invention of steam powered
machines and early automation
• This was the start of a social
and economic change that
began to improve living
standards for the masses
• This came through
employment, movement of
people and goods, mills,
mines and agriculture
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
The digital revolution c.1940
• The computer has enabled
huge change in industry
• How have computerisation
and the Internet affected:
• Globalisation?
• Communications?
• Productivity?
• Accuracy?
• Processing speed?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Modern tools and equipment
• How have developments in technology impacted the
tools and equipment used in industry and enterprise?
• How have these new
tools contributed to
manufacturing?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Automation
• Robotic automation of manufacturing processes
offers significantly greater consistency, accuracy,
reliability and productivity than human workers
• What kinds of job are
robots good at doing?
• What are the benefits of using
robots in the manufacture of goods?
• How have human jobs
been replaced by robots?
• How have job roles changed?
• How have jobs been created?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Milking parlour
• Early automated systems still involved
backbreaking work
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Automated milking machines
• Cows now take themselves off for milking and queue
up to be milked by robots at their own will
• Radio tags in their ears monitor when each cow enters the
machine, sensors guide robotic arms to collect milk and
record their level of milk production
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Barcodes in supermarkets
• Before barcodes were introduced
in the 1980s, products were
manually priced and counted for
stock control
• How have barcodes changed the
supermarket and retail industries?
• How have they been used in
other areas?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Barcode systems
• Two common types of barcode system:
• Universal Product Code version ‘A’
(UPC-A)
• Used in EPOS systems
and warehousing
• Code 128
• Used in transport and
shipment tracking
• Code 128 can represent letters and numbers whilst
UPC-A can only represent numeric digits
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Organisation of the workplace
• New and emerging technologies have influenced
change in:
• Personnel, job roles and hierarchical structure
• Physical space and layout of the workplace
• Systems, processes and workflow
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Design of the workplace
• Workflow is essential to health, safety and efficiency
• A production line must flow logically from one stage to
the next
• Automation and new technologies may require change to
production flow
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Case study: Print factory
• A large printing company in Wales were closed for
months in 2012 by devastating floods
• The company took advantage of the closure and
clean up to reposition printing machinery on the
factory floorplan to enable better flow
• Production times were greatly reduced
• They experienced a significant increase in throughput
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Low oil supplies
• The depletion of oil reserves is
hastening change and
development of replacement
technologies to fuel our industries,
homes and transport
• New technologies include:
• Harnessing natural resources
• Hydrogen power
• Battery technology
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Electric vehicles
• The EV market is expanding rapidly
• Success is dependent on:
• national and international charging networks
• battery technology
• a change in driver mindset
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Worksheet 1
• Complete Task 1 to examine the effects of new and
emerging technology on industry
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Product innovation
• A new invention or idea requires a considerable
investment to make it a commercial success
• No matter how good an idea is, it can still fail if its
development and execution is not right
• A huge industry exists to support fledgling ideas and research
using new and emerging technology
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
New materials and technology
• Graphene is a honeycomb lattice
carbon structure only one atom thick
• It is 200 times stronger than
steel, very flexible, conducts
heat and electricity, and is
almost transparent
• Electronics and energy storage
could be revolutionised
• How might a new material affect new
technologies?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Developing ideas
• Innovation such as 3D printing has the potential to
change product development everywhere
• This fuels a cycle of new ideas, new businesses,
new jobs and newer ideas
• 3D printers can produce solid
objects, intricate hollow artefacts
and moving parts that
actually work
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Printing body parts
• 3D bioprinting is being
used to create new,
living organs
• Skin tissue, livers, and
joint cartilage have
already been ‘printed’
and successfully
transplanted
• A solution for more complex
organs is probably only a
couple of decades away
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
The dangers of 3D printing• In 2013, the 3D print file required for all the parts of
a working gun was created and distributed online
• Who would be able to print a gun using these files?
• What implications could this have?
• How would a plastic gun affect barrier security?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Small enterprises Inc.
• Small businesses can use new technology to
compete with their larger competitors
• Computer technology has enabled individual designers to
access the leading industry design tools
• Production technology has meant that widgets can be made
on demand, avoiding the costs of holding stock
• Communications technology has enabled remote working so
small teams can be formed across the globe
• Social media has provided access to vast audiences on
minimal marketing budgets
• Crowdfunding provides opportunity for significant start-up
investment capital
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Crowd funding at
• Crowd funding enables organisations to raise
investment from individuals who believe in their idea
• POD Point supply electric vehicle
charging solutions to individuals
and organisations across the UK
• In 2015, they launched an online
crowd funding campaign
• This raised over £1.8m
in investment from 618 individuals
• What are the alternatives to
crowd funded investment?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Virtual marketing
• Virtual marketing includes:
• Search Engine Optimisation to increase page ranking
• Email marketing
• Social media and
• Viral campaigns
• What are the benefits to companies of using virtual
marketing compared with more traditional methods?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
GoPro® Case Study
• GoPro have used viral
marketing to great effect
• Customers of their cameras
have been invited to share
their most extreme, funny or
heart warming moments
• Each of which find an instant
connection with viewers and help
promote their brand and their
products
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Virtual and augmented reality
• Augmented reality and virtual
reality will play an increasing
role in online retail
• Placing virtual goods (e.g.
furniture) in a person’s home
to check physical and
aesthetic fit
• Using VR headsets to
try on clothes at home
• What is the current barrier to
using virtual reality marketing?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Co-operatives
• Co-operatives are organisations or businesses that
are owned and run by its members
• Members will also share profits
• Examples are often local, but can be national businesses
• What are the advantages of a cooperative to the business?
• What are the advantages to a customer?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Fairtrade
• Fairtrade is about better prices, decent working
conditions and fair terms of trade for farmers and
workers in less economically developed countries
• Farmers also receive a Fairtrade Premium to invest in
their communities
• What produce is frequently sold under the Fairtrade label?
Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies
Impact on enterprise
• Complete Task 2 on the worksheet
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Industry and enterprise
Unit 1 New and emerging technologies