DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING RECEIVER NORAZNI BINTI YUSOFF This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Electronic Telecommunication) With Honours Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka April 2010
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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY
DIVISION MULTIPLEXING RECEIVER
NORAZNI BINTI YUSOFF
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Electronic Telecommunication) With
Honours
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
April 2010
UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
Tajuk Projek : DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ORTHOGONAL
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING RECEIVER
Sesi Pengajian : 2009/2010
Saya NORAZNI BINTI YUSOFF
mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-
syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengajian tinggi.
4. Sila tandakan ( √ ) :
SULIT*
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD* (Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
__________________________ ___________________________________ (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (COP DAN TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Alamat Tetap:
LOT 307A, KG. KEDAI BULOH,
JLN KUALA BESAR, 15350 KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN.
Tarikh: ……………………….. Tarikh: ………………………..
ii
“I hereby declare that this report is result of my own effort except for works that have
been cited clearly in the references.”
Signature : ………………….
Author : NORAZNI BINTI YUSOFF
Date : ………………….
iii
“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient
in terms of scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(Electronic Telecommunucation) with Honours”
Signature : …………………………..
Supervisor’s Name : PROF MADYA MUHAMMAD SYAHRIR JOHAL
Date : …………………………..
iv
Dedicated to my beloved parents and siblings
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahiranmanirrahim, I would like to express my appreciation to Allah the
Mighty because I have finally completed this “Projek Sarjana Muda ” successfully. To
my parents, Encik Yusoff Bin Hamzah and Puan Wan Safiah Binti Wan Ahmad and
siblings, thank you very much because all of you always with me through difficulty and
good times. Without them, this project cannot be achieved easily. Special thanks to my
supervisor, Prof Madya Muhammad Syahrir bin Johal, for his support, lessons, advice,
ideas and all valuable contribution in this project. Not forget to my PSM friends that
gave me ideas, critics and moral support from the beginning until the end. Their
assistance will always be remembered throughout my entire life. May Allah always
with you all. Last but not least, to the Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
(FKEKK), because giving me chance to study and complete my project as part of the
Bachelor program in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM).
vi
ABSTRACT
This project is about Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Receiver. The purpose of this project is to design, simulate and implement OFDM
receiver for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T). OFDM is a modulation
technique especially suitable for wireless communication due to its resistance to inter-
symbol interference (ISI). The whole system will be developed in the MATLAB
simulation environment and then will be implemented in DSP board.
vii
ABSTRAK
Projek ini adalah suatu penerima Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM). Projek ini bertujuan untuk mereka bentuk, melakukan simulasi dan
mengaplikasikan untuk Penyiaran Video Digital - Daratan. OFDM ialah teknik
modulasi yang sangat sesuai untuk komukasi tanpa wayar kerana kekebalannya
terhadap gangguan antara isyarat simbol (ISI). Keseluruhan sistem akan dibangunkan
dalam keadaaan simulasi perisian MATLAB dan diaplikasikan di atas board DSP.
viii
CONTENT
CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE
TITLE i
CONFESSION iii
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWDGEMENT vi
ABSTRACT vii
ABSTRAK viii
CONTENTS ix
LIST OF FIGURE xi
LIST OF TABLE xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xiv
I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction Of Project 1
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Problem Statement 4
1.4 Scope of Work 5
ix
II LITERATURE RIVIEW
2.1 Background Study 6
2.2 Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T) 7
2.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 10
2.4 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 12
2.5 Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) 13
2.6 Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) 15
2.7 Guard Interval 16
III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Project Methodology 17
3.2 Flow Chart 19
IV RESULT AND ANALYSIS
4.1 OFDM receiver using MATLAB (number of subcarrier = 853)
20
4.2 OFDM receiver using MATLAB (number of subcarrier = 1200)
24
4.3 OFDM receiver using MATLAB (number of subcarrier = 1705)
27
4.4 OFDM receiver using Simulink 30
x
4.5 Analysis 31
V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion 33
5.2 Suggestion 35
REFERENCE 36
APPENDIX 38
xi
LIST OF FIGURE
NO TITLE PAGE
1.0 Example of OFDM spectra 2
2.0 The basic structure of receiver 12
2.1 The OFDM receiver 12
2.2 Digital to Analog Converter block diagram 13
2.3 Output filter response requirements for a common D/A converter 14
2.4 The filtering benefits of oversampling 15
2.5 Example of ISI on received pulses in a binary communication system 16
2.6 Principle of guard interval 16
3.0 The flow chart of project 19
4.1 OFDM Reception Simulation 20
4.2 Time response of signal at F for k = 853 21
4.3 Frequency response of signal at F for k = 853 21
4.4 Time response of signal at G for k = 853 22
4.5 Frequency response of signal at G for k = 853 22
xii
4.6 Time response of signal at H for k = 853 23
4.7 Frequency response of signal at H for k = 853 23
4.8 Time response of signal at F for k = 1200 24
4.9 Frequency response of signal at F for k = 1200 24
4.10 Time response of signal at G for k = 1200 25
4.11 Frequency response of signal at G for k = 1200 25
4.12 Time response of signal at H for k = 1200 26
4.13 Frequency response of signal at H for k = 1200 26
4.14 Time response of signal at F for k = 1705 27
4.15 Frequency response of signal at F for k = 1705 27
4.16 Time response of signal at G for k = 1705 28
4.17 Frequency response of signal at G for k = 1705 28
4.18 Time response of signal at H for k = 1705 29
4.19 Frequency response of signal at H for k = 1705 29
4.20 Simulink design for OFDM system 30
4.21 OFDM receiver design 30
4.22 OFDM receiver output signal 30
4.23 (a) Transmitted spectrum (b) Received spectrum 31
xiii
LIST OF TABLE
NO TITLE PAGE
1 Numerical values for the OFDM parameters for the 2k mode 9