Design and Establishment of Groundwater Monitoring Network in Sri Lanka Component – 02 (subcomponent ) Dam Safety and Water Resources Planning Project (DSWRPP) R. R.G.R. Rajapakse (Senior Hydrogeologist) Water Resources Board 18 th Dec 2013
Design and Establishment of
Groundwater Monitoring Network in
Sri Lanka
Component – 02 (subcomponent )
Dam Safety and Water Resources Planning Project (DSWRPP)
R. R.G.R. Rajapakse (Senior Hydrogeologist)
Water Resources Board
18th Dec 2013
Objectives
Establishment of a long term monitoring network
Systematic monitoring
Determination of hydrogeological and geochemical status
Knowledge dissemination
Importance
No established groundwater monitoring network in Sri Lanka
Potential threats and impacts on aquifers are not known
Uses of spatio-temporal hydrogeological & geochemical condition of
the aquifers for management practices
Pilot areas
Pilot area Issues
Area 1 Bacteriological and
Extensive Agriculture
Area 2 Extensive Agriculture
Area 3 Over extraction of
water from Agro wells
Area 4
Kidney disease
Area 5 Industrial pollution
Area 6 Salinity
Area 7 Extensive Agriculture
Area 8 WQ assessment
Desk Study/Literature Survey
Preliminary Awareness
Preparation of Base Maps
Selection of Initial Monitoring Points
GWL Monitoring
Preparation of Groundwater
Flow Direction Maps
Establishment of Monitoring Network
Further Studies for Consolidation
Final Establishment of Monitoring Network
DEM Map Preparation
Water Sampling
Deep Aquifer
Wet Dry
Shallow Aquifer
Wet Dry
Laboratory Analysis
Interpretations and Data Analysis
Water Quality Maps Preparation
Methodology
Activities completed in Pilot areas
1. Data collection and base maps preparation
2. Preliminary Awareness
1st Awareness Program - Jaffna Meeting with Jaffna University
A Workshop organized by WRB in collaboration with DSWRPP & SLWP - Jaffna
Preliminary Awareness programs &
interim awareness programs conducted
in each Pilot areas
a.) In-situ Chemical Testing
Assessment of basic groundwater chemistry
for selection initial sampling points
3. Field Activities
- Chemical
- Heavy Metal
- Bacteriological
Upgraded Laboratory
Assessment of spatio-temporal water quality maps of the pilot areas
Spatio-temporal analysis of water chemistry with head variations
Study of head variations with respect to climatic changes
Automated Datalogger Installation
High resolution automated
groundwater head level monitoring
in groundwater sensitive areas
Objective: Assessment of aquifer sensitivity, recharge or discharge
behaviors of the aquifer and groundwater trend analysis for forecasting
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Wat
er
leve
l(m
bgl
)
Groundwater Head fluctuations at Gampaha Sand aquifer
FCL05985
FCL05988/87
Interpret the subsurface aquifer
formations, hydrogeology & sea water
intrusion etc.
Irrakkamam
Karativu
Study the flow behaviors of the areas in basin levels
Determine the aquifer properties
and the sustainability of the
aquifers
Gampaha Pilot Area
Low pH
High NO3
Study Outputs
Water type - Ca/Mg(CO3/HCO3) type
TW0
5 Wattala Wahatiyagoda
TW0
6 Wattala Parana Ambalama
TW0
7 Katana Ambalammulla
TW0
8 Katana Muruthena
TW0
9 Wattala Wella palliya
Sea Water encroachment
High NO3 & EC levels
High levels of Phosphate
Puttalam Pilot Area
Stiff diagram signatures Na-K-Cl Water type
Water Chemistry
Jaffna Pilot Area
Elevated levels of NO3 and some
localities indicated high levels
High potential fresh groundwater
bearing zone at Iyyakachchi area
PO4 DISTRIBUTION OF AMPARA
PILOT AREA –Wet period
21
Ampara Pilot Area
Vulnerable areas of high Mn & Cd
High NO3 levels at Sammanthurai,
Central Camp Urbanized Areas
High PO4 levels
PO4 DISTRIBUTION OF AMPARA
PILOT AREA –Dry period
Output - Pilot areas
Pilot area Identified Issue/information Zone(area) Reason
Gampaha
NO3 pollution Katana, Biyagama Poor sanitation
Acidity of water
Katana, Biyagama, Ja-Ela, Gampaha inherited soil characteristics and Industrial pollution
Mn pollution Biyagama, Ja-Ela Industrial pollution?
High groundwater potential zones Katana(Ambalammulla) Associates with 2 fault zones
Ampara
NO3 pollution Sammanthurai, Irakkamam, Addalachchena, Malwatta, Ninthvur
Poor sanitation and excessive usage of NO3 containing furtilizers
F pollution Central camp, Addalachchena, Malwatta, Ninthvur
country rock weathering
PO4 pollution All over the pilot area Exessive agricultural activities?
Salinity Chavalakudai, Navithanveli,
Sea water intrution
Geological conditions of the area
Mn pollution Navithanveli, Sammanthurai, Deeghawapi Usage of pestisides?
Cd pollution Navithanveli, Sammanthurai, Deeghawapi Usage of pestisides?
Anuradhapura
Fl pollution Kebithigollewa, Kahatagasdigiliya, Padawiya, Galenbidunuwewa
rock weathering / Inherited soil characteristics
Total alkalinity high hardness
Dumping sites at the quartzite ridges
No3 pollution some localized areas poor sanitation
Output - Pilot areas (Contd..)
Pilot area Identified Issue/information Zone(area) Reason
Jaffna
NO3 pollution Kopai, Thirunalveli, Nallur, Kaithadi excessive agricutural practices
No Bacterialogical contamination identified
Jaffna, Nallur
High Salinity Ariyalai sea water intrusion?
Fresh groundwater zones Iyakkathchi to Kadeikadu Associates with isolated sand lenses
Puttalam
NO3 pollution Kalpitiya, Puttalam town area Poor sanitation and excessive Use of agrochemicals
PO4 pollution Vanathavillu Excessive agricultural activities
High yielding area Aruwakkaru Not yet identified
Salinity Aruwakkaru Sea water/ lagoon influence
Mathale
Groundwater depletion should be confirmed through consistant GWL monitoring since no previous records
High Fl Dewahuwa, Digampathaha rock weathering / Inherited soil characteristics
The established long term Groundwater monitoring networks
Gampaha Pilot Area
Puttalam Pilot Area
The established long term Groundwater monitoring networks
Badulla Pilot Area Ampara Pilot Area
Monitoring Network
The establish long term Groundwater monitoring network
Mathale Pilot Area
Jaffna Pilot Area
A’pura Pilot Area
Implementation of Monitoring activities
The continuous monitoring on the established networks is
scheduled for two years period (2014-2015) and this is proposed
in the extension phase of DSWRPP.
In progress: Obtaining Accreditation – WRB Laboratory Activities
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Preliminary activities
a
b
Submission of 1st Draft application
a
b
c
d Organize Laboratory according to the 17025 standard.
e Submission of application with necessary documents
Submission of 2nd Draft application
a
b Correction of 1 st draft and submission to SLAB
4 Submission of 3rd Draft application
b Correction of 1 st draft and submission to SLAB
5 Submission of Final application
Planned Actual SLAB processing time
Oct
Months and Weeks - 2013
June July August
9
MayFeb March
Study & collect necessary information regarding testing
Laboratory Accreditation through SLS
Accreditation Board in Sri Lanka (SLAB) &
Searching Internet.
Submission of a fresh application with necessary
documents for accreditation certificate
aAppointment of lead assessor by SLAB to advise to
correct the 2nd draft if necessary
April
Collecting the 17021 standard from Sri Lanka
Standard Institution.
Collecting and filling an application form & supporting
documents (questionnaire, the Laboratory quality
manual and associated documents referred in the
application & questionnaires). Associated
documentation should include Procedures, work
instruction, quality records etc..
Prepare procedure manual. & quality manual
according to the guidelines of SLAB.
1
2
Sept
Sl No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3Appointment of lead assessor by SLAB to advise to
correct the 1st draft if necessary
The objectives of the programs were to:
Aware the present status of the groundwater resources in the respective
areas
Discuss on the issues and solutions for implementing of a mitigatory
approach
Formulate an action committee at DSD levels
to aware the grass root level community on the present status of
groundwater resources in the study areas
Put directives and guidance towards the farming community to
minimize the impact on groundwater while post auditing by WRB
through consistent water quality monitoring
During these programs, the awareness posters were distributed among
the participants to be displayed at their working place and other public
gathering places.
Follow up Awareness programs
Jul Au Sep Oct NovDec Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma Jun Jul Au Se Oc No Dec Jan
Item Activity
1 Awareness
Institutions
Public
Farmer community
2
District secretary
Divisional secretaries
Grama niladari
Farmer organizations
Water resources Board
Agriculture and agrarian
3 WRB
4 Committee
2015
Groundwater Protection Program - Activity plan
Reporting
and
Progress
2014
Environmental and
planning officers
Formation
of action
committees
Monitoring
program
Follow up Awareness programs (Contd..)
- In progress for conducting grass root level awareness at DSD
levels (for farmer community, GN officers, other Institutional
officers who engaged with the community in the areas )
- Carried out programs at Anuradhapura, Galenbindunuwewa,
Puttalam, Kalpitiya DSDs and Ampara & Jaffna are scheduled in
January 2014.
Follow up Awareness programs (Contd..)
Awareness program held
at Puttalam DSD
Awareness program held
at Kalpitiya DSD
Awareness program held
at Galenbindunuwewa
DSD
Action Committee elected for the protection plan
at Galenbindunuwewa DSD
Some of the posters distributed among the pilot areas
Proposed Extension Programme
Objectives
Establishment of seawater monitoring
surveillance lines
Strengthening of monitoring network
with additional areas identified
Continuation of the long term water
quality monitoring through the
established monitoring networks
Minimize the impact on groundwater
through grass root level awareness
with groundwater quality monitoring.
A.) Puttalam and Kalpitiya - Artesian well head structures for head
level monitoring
- Extensive 2D geophysics along the coastal stretch to identify/demarcate the seawater intrusion
Additional Work considered:
B.) Anuradhapura - Addition of Sri Pura and other DS
divisions that have recorded highest
number of CKD patients.
C.) Ampara district - Addition of Dehiattakandiya, Padiyathalawa and
Maha oya DS Divisions to the existing network
due to CKD issues identified
- Extensive 2D surveys along the coastal stretch to
identify/demarcate the seawater intrusion
D.) Gampaha - Addition of new DS Divisions(Mahara,
Kadawatha, Kelaniya) and identify new locations
for the existing monitoring network
- Geophysics to identify the seawater interface for
long term monitoring
E.) Jaffna - 2D surveys along the coastal zones of the
district and adding of new DS divisions.
F.) Mathale - Continue of GW level monitoring for another two years for trend analysis and identify the impact levels
- Identification of the areas affected by CKD G.) Badulla - Water quality analysis with special emphasis on
heavy metal anlaysis (As,Cd,Mn,Pb)
Training Software training
2D resistivity survey
Groundwater modeling
Tentative Work plan ( for the proposed extension program)
Activity Items Cost(Rs. Mn)
Procurement Data loggers - 6 5.40
Drilling rigs with supporting truck (including
accessories)
90.00
Test pumping units - 2 49.98
Geophysical equipment - 2
Mobilization crew cab - 1
10.00
7.00
Laboratory equipment 15.00
Software 0.10
Artesian well head structures 0.80
Activities Geophysical investigations 4.85
Construction of bore wells 20.00
Water quality monitoring, awareness, continuation
of monitoring network
11.02
Training Software, Modeling, Geophysics, Hydrogeology 6.10
Capacity build up
(Institutional )
Improvement of WRB head office building 40.00
Total 265.70
Estimated Budget
THANK YOU