DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP BY MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA 2004118938EM DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECIlNOLOGY MINNA . JANUARY, 2010
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP
BY
MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA
2004118938EM
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECIlNOLOGY
MINNA
. JANUARY, 2010
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP
BY
MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA
2004/18938EM
A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirement For The
Award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng) Degree in Mechanical Engineering,
Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
JANUARY, 2010
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project has been conducted by me, under lhe
supervision of Mallam S.N. Mohammed and submitted to the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, school of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal
University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
MUHAMMED TANIMU DAUDA (2004/18938EM)
Signature & Date
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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this project titled design and construction of hydraulic
Ram Pump" was carried out by Muhammad Tanimu Dauda under the superv ision of
Mallam S.N Mohammed and submitted to the mechanical engineering department ,
federal university of Technology, Minna in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of a bachelor of engineering (B.eng) degree in mechanical engineering.
Mallam S. N. Mohammed (Project Supervisor)
Prof .R.H.Khan (Head of Departmeut)
Name: ---------------------------------(External Supervisor)
Signature & Date
Signature & Date
Signature & Date
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DEDICATION
This Project is dedicated to almighty ALLAH (SWT) for the gift of life
throughout my academic years. To my parents; Alhaji Dauda Ibrahim, Hajiya Hauwa
and Hajiya Umma Katume Dauda for their financial and moral support during these
periods.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise be to ALLAH the lord of mercy and forgiveness who has spared my li fe
up to this moment. lowe a great debt of gratitude to all those that offered assistance
and encouragement at the various stages of compiling this work.
First and foremost i want to start by expressing my sincere appreciation to Ill y
supervisor Mallam S.N Mohammed for taking his valuable time to read the
manuscript and make all the necessary corrections.
I am also highly indebted to my lovely brothers Yahya and Mohammed Sani
Dauda for their care and consideration they offer me within the period of this study.
Also a special thanks to muhammed mahadi of maintenance department PPMC
Kaduna.
Finally my sincere thanks to my neighbours, friends, brothers and sisters for
their support in all my days.
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ABSTRACT
Pump is a device that raises, transfers, or compresses fluid or that attenuates gas
especially by suction or pressures or both. The hydraulic ram pump is a simple
durable pump that can be used to deliver water from one source to another. The pump
has the following characteristics flow, drive that is how much water is available to run
the pump; drive head is the drop from the water level in the drive tank to the pump;
delivery flow is the amount of water flowing into the delivery tank while the delivery
head is the height from the pump up to the delivery tank. The normal operation ran ge
of this pump is 0.5 to 10 litres Iminute. The ram pumps are durable and either made
from iron casting or welded steel pipe. The readily available local materials have been
used to build the pump. No electricity or any power Ifuel is required to run the pump,
therefore, it is less expensive to own and operate.
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Cover page
Title page
Declaration
Certificate / Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
NotationlNomenclature
List of Figures
List of Tables
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Uses of Hydram
1.2 Aims and Objectives
1.3 Limitation
1.4 Scope of Project
1.5 Justification
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Origin of Pumps
2.2 What Are Pumps
2.2.1 Types of Pump
2.2.2 Piston Pumps
2.2.3 Centrifugal Pumps
2.2.4 Semi-Rotary Pumps
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II
III
IV
v
vi
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VIII
xi
X II
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2
2
2
3
4
4
7
7
8
9
II
2.2.5 Diaphragm Pumps
2.2.6 Niger Pump
2.2.7 The Power Pump
2.2.8 Submersible Pumps
2.2.9 Unicef No.6 Hand Pump
2.3.0 Windmill Water Pump
CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN CONSIDERATION
3.0 Design Consideration And Calculation
3.1 Design Analysis
3.1.1 Design Factors
3.1.2 Working Principle Of a Hydram
3.1.3 Theoretical Pressure Rise in a Hydram
3.2 Design Calculation
3.2.1 Design Specification
3.3 Determination Of Flow In The Drive Pipe
3.4 Evaluation Of Losses Due To Head And Pipe Fittings
3.4.1 Determination Of The Acceleration OF Flow In Drive Pipe
3.4.2 Determination Of Drag Force
3.4.3 Determination Of Pressure At Point 3
3.4.4 Evaluation Of Pump Efficiency
CHAPTER FOUR:DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS
4.0 Material Selection, Construction Procedure and Cost analysis
4.1 Material Selection
4.2 Construction Procedure
4.3 Making Of Air Chamber
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13
14
15
15
17
18
18
18
18
23
26
26
2()
27
29
30
31
32
33
33
34
34
4.4 Making The Mounting Legs 34
4.5 Cost Analysis 34
4.5.1 Cost of Material 34
4.5.2 Cost of Labour 35
4.5.3 Over Head 36
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 37
5.1 Conclusion 37
5.2 Recommendation 37
Reference 38
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NOMENCLATURE
SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION UNITS
f Frictional factors
a Acceleration due gravity m/s2
p Density of the fluid Kg/m3
v Kinematic viscosity m2/s
A Area of drive pipe m2
AT Area ofT junction m2
Av Area of value plate m3
a Acceleration of the flow in the pipe m/s2
Cd Co-efficient of drag m
D Diameter of pipe m
E Efficiency of pump
F Force that accelerator the flow 11
Fd Drag force 11
H Supply head m
Hd Delivery head 11
HL Head loss due to sudden enlargement m
HLT Head above the source m
KT Co-efficient of enlargement at t. junction
L Length ofthe pipe m
n No of beat circle c/mm
P Pressure m3/s
Q Flow rate in the pipe m3/s
Qd Flow rate delivery m3/s
Qw Flow rate waste m3/s
Re Reynolds Number m
R Radius m/sVT
Velocity of flow in T-junction m/s
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Description Page
2.1 Double acting piston pump 9
2.2 Centrifugal Pump 11
2.3 Semi-rotary Pump 12
2.4 Diaphragm Pump 13
3.1 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence I 19
3.2 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 2 20
3.3 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 3 21
3.4 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 4 22
3.5 Typical Hydraulic Installation 23
4.1 Hydraulic Ram Pump Installation 31
5.1 AutcCAD Drawings Of Hydraulic Ram Pump
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