International Conference On Recent Trends In Engineering Science And Management ISBN: 978-81-931039-2-0 Jawaharlal Nehru University, Convention Center, New Delhi (India), 15 March 2015 www.conferenceworld.in 2377 | Page DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND FAILURE OF ACTUAL CHARGING BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM USED IN THE INDUSTRY TO SET THE OPTIMUM RESULTS Pranav Manikrao Deshmukh 1 , Dr.S.P.Trikal 2 1 Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical System Design, SSGMCE, Shegaon, (M.S) (India) 2 Associate Professor, SSGMCE, Shegaon,(M.S)(India ) ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is knowledge of damage process which is required for the correct regulation of operation conditions for conveyor belt. The aim is to determine conditions caused this type of damage (height of impact and weight of material impact). The current trend is to provide weight/cost effective products which meet the stringent requirements. The aim of this paper is to study existing conveyor system and optimize the Belt speed,Width,Wrapping angle,troughing angle, Pulley diameter and addition of Snub pulley .The parametric model of belt conveyor where modeled in Solid-work 2014 where different parameter are studied. Keyword: Belt Conveyor, Idler, Pulley, Failure, Simulation Software (Solid Works),Ansys Software I. INTRODUCTION This master of engineering project was carried out at a YASH ENTERPRISES, which produces all types soap manufacturing and packaging .Yash enterprises is located in Khamgaon Dist: Buldhana. The purpose of this project was to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the basic production process theory of designing belt conveyor. The project focuses on choosing the right conveyor belt and suitable components to ensure manufacturing of high-quality belt conveyor. The existing problems of the idlers and belt conveyor are pointed out and proper solutions are given to make them a longer life. This project helps to improve the production by eliminating the various failures and other problem. The final aim was to create a modified design to achieve large scale production, of idlers which enhances both the efficiency and productivity. In order to help the company to get larger sales market, a plan of designing a belt conveyor was carried out, but further research still is needed to make it come true.
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International Conference On Recent Trends In Engineering Science And Management ISBN: 978-81-931039-2-0
Jawaharlal Nehru University, Convention Center, New Delhi (India), 15 March 2015 www.conferenceworld.in
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DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND FAILURE OF ACTUAL
CHARGING BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM USED IN
THE INDUSTRY TO SET THE OPTIMUM RESULTS
Pranav Manikrao Deshmukh 1, Dr.S.P.Trikal2 1Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical System Design,
SSGMCE, Shegaon, (M.S) (India)
2Associate Professor, SSGMCE, Shegaon,(M.S)(India )
ABSTRACT
The aim of the paper is knowledge of damage process which is required for the correct regulation of operation
conditions for conveyor belt. The aim is to determine conditions caused this type of damage (height of impact
and weight of material impact). The current trend is to provide weight/cost effective products which meet the
stringent requirements. The aim of this paper is to study existing conveyor system and optimize the Belt
speed,Width,Wrapping angle,troughing angle, Pulley diameter and addition of Snub pulley .The parametric
model of belt conveyor where modeled in Solid-work 2014 where different parameter are studied.
both Indoor and Outdoor for Blind People” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014.
[13] Arijit Datta “Advanced GPS & GSM Based Navigation System for Blinds” International Journal for
Research in Technological Studies Vol. 1, Issue 6 May 2014 | ISSN (online): 2348-1439.
[14] Srimathi Manickam, Proceeding of 5th national conference on VLSI, embedded, and communication and
networks ISSN:2320-0790. April 17 2014.
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A REVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING THREATS &
SECURITY ISSUES
1 Rahul Singh, 2 Punyaban Patel, 3Preeti Singh
1, 2, 3 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CSIT, Durg (India)
ABSTRACT
As Cloud Computing is maturing with time, from being a buzzword & an exciting opportunity for the IT circle to
becoming a real, concrete technological model for organizations & businesses which they can migrate to and
take advantages of the features, freedoms & chances it offers. Anyone who aims to be successful in the near
future is working on getting the most out of this promising paradigm. With most opportunities & new
unexplored paths there are some risks involved. The cloud computing model is also a new avenue for the non-IT
world & everyone has their doubts & concerns. Security is the biggest concern among all the people &
organizations whether they are cloud users or cloud service providers. Whenever someone uploads data to a
remote location either for storage or processing, there is some worry about its safety. This Paper gives study of
cloud computing risks and serves as a source for threat recognition that will help cloud clients and vendors to
settle on educated choices about risk relief inside a cloud environment. Keywords – Attacks, Cloud Computing, Data Breach, DoS attack, Risk, Security, Threats, Virtualization
I. INTRODUCTION
In the recent past, cloud computing has developed from being just a promising business idea to one of the fastest
growing segments of the IT industry. It is providing seemingly boundless infrastructure to store consumer data
and execute programs. Today Cloud Computing is a booming deployment option for IT firms as Small and
Medium Business companies are realizing the potential of the idea that simply by moving onto the cloud they
can gain fast access to best business applications or remarkably improve their infrastructure resources, all at
very slim costs. The cloud offers several benefits like fast deployment, pay-for use, lower costs, scalability,
Emotional Intelligence is an umbrella term because its concept comprises various skills dispositions of the
individual which are generally called “soft skills or interpersonal and intrapersonal skills”. Emotional Intelligence has been found to be a predictor of life satisfaction, healthy psychological adaptation,
positive interactions with peers and family and higher parental warmth. Lower Emotional Intelligence has also been
found to be associated with violent behavior, illegal use of drugs and alcohol and participation in delinquent
behavior. Engelberg and Sjoberg (2004), Adeyemo (2005), and Safavi et al. (2008) who preached that emotional intelligence
was related quite strongly to social adjustment. Positive emotionality is associated with sociability (e.g. Argyle &
Lu, 1990), whereas persistent negative affect keeps other at bay (e.g. Furr & Funder, 1998). Accordingly, people
need to process emotional information and manage emotional dynamics intelligently to navigate the social world.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role (or positive impact) and relation of Emotional Intelligence and
Social Adaptability. The present work is a compilation of few selected papers written by researchers aiming to
disseminate the knowledge generated by the previous researchers. In this article, we are presenting thoughts, ideas,
experiences and findings of the practitioners and academia’s across the globe.
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Adjustment, Social Adaptability, Emotions, Social Relationships.
I INTRODUCTION
Emotions play a very important role in our lives as emotions are basic primeval forces of great powers and
influences designed by nature. They enable individual to circumstances which demand the utmost efforts for
survival or success or to add colour and spice to our living.
Emotions are prime movers to thought and conduct, which gives best to life and important qualities to personality.
Emotions and feelings are interwoven with the network of reason and there is interconnectivity between emotions
and cognition.
The work by McKee, Goleman and Noyatzis has shown that the missing link in providing a much more accurate
explanation of how an individual was likely to be successful in work or life is the role played by how an individual
handles feelings or emotions. Consequently feelings:
· Direct us to what we want and / or need.
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· Determine our behaviour or actions toward what we want and / or need.
Allow us to access and act upon empathy for others.
· Facilitate relationship forming and inspire others.
· Create bond and a sense of higher purpose in groups, families, organizations and more.
The ability to express and control our own emotions is important, but so is our ability to understand, interpret, and
respond to the emotions of others. Imagine a world where you couldn’t understand when a friend was feeling sad or
when a co-worker was angry. Psychologist refers to this ability as Emotional Intelligence.
1.1 Emotional Intelligence
In 1990, Salovey and Mayer coined the term “Emotional Intelligence” and based their work on the non-cognitive
aspects of intelligence. These authors defined emotional intelligence as “a form of social intelligence that involves
the ability to monitor one’s own and others thinking and action.” In 1995, Goleman wrote his book, Emotional
Intelligence, based upon Salovey and Mayer’s work. Since then, emotional intelligence has become the hottest
buzzword everywhere.
EI or EQ embraces two aspects of intelligence:
- Understanding yourself, your goals, intentions, responses, behaviour and all.
- Understanding others and their feelings.
1.2 Four Branches of EI
Mayer & Salovey proposed a model that identified four different factors of Emotional Intelligence: the perception of
emotion, the ability reason using emotions, the ability to understand emotion and the ability to manage emotions.
1. Perceiving Emotions: the first step in understanding emotion is to accurately perceive them. In many cases, this
might involve understanding non-verbal signals such as body language and facial expressions. 2. Reasoning with emotions: the next step involves using emotions to promote thinking and cognitive activity.
Emotions help prioritize what we pay attention and react to; we respond emotionally to things that garner our
attention.
3. Understanding emotions: the emotions what we perceive can carry a wide variety if meaning. If someone is
expressing angry emotions, the observer must interpret the cause of their anger and what it might mean.
4. Managing emotions: the ability to manage emotions effectively is a key part of emotional intelligence.
Regulating emotions, responding appropriately and responding to the emotions of others are all important aspect of
emotional management.
Emotional Intelligence has been found to be a predictor of life satisfaction, healthy psychological adaptation,
positive interactions with peers and family and higher parental warmth. Lower Emotional Intelligence has also been
found to be associated with violent behaviour, illegal use of drugs and alcohol, and participation in delinquent
behaviour.
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1.3 Components of Emotional Intelligence
The main identifying characteristics of Emotional Maturity are made possible by the Emotional Intelligence
component:
1. Self-awareness: Recognize and understand your own moods and motivations and their effect on others. To
achieve this state, you must be able to monitor your own emotional state and identify your own emotions.Emotional
Maturity in this trait shows:
§ Confidence
§ Sense of humor (can laugh at self)
§ Aware of your impression on others (can read the reactions of others to know how you are perceived)
2. Self-Regulation: Controlling your impulses—instead of being quick to react rashly, you can reign in your
emotions and think before responding. You express yourself appropriately. Emotional Maturity in this trait shows:
§ Conscientiousand take personal responsibility for your own work/deeds.
§ Adaptable (and favorable) to change
§ When someone is complaining or is rude to you, you do not respond in kind. You respond in a manner
which would not escalate the situation. (At this point, you will also realize that when someone expresses anger at
you, they’re not always angry at you; they’re often just angry and want to take it out on someone.)
3. Internal Motivation: Internal motivation is marked by an interest in learning. It is also self-improvement vs. a
pursuit of wealth and status (as a pursuit of wealth and status is an external motivator). Emotional Maturity in this
trait shows:
§ Initiative and the commitment to complete a task
§ Perseverance in the face of adversity
4. Empathy: The ability to understand another person’s emotional reaction. This is only possible when one has
achieved self-awareness—as one cannot understand others until they understand themselves. Emotional Maturity in
this trait shows:
§ Perceptive of other’s emotions and taking an active interest in their concerns.
§ Proactive—able to anticipate someone’s needs and the appropriate reaction.
§ Social Situations such as office politics do not faze one who has a firm grasp of empathy.
5. Social Skills: Identifying social cues to establish common ground manage relationships and build
networks. Emotional Maturity in this trait shows:
§ Communication: Listening and responding appropriately
§ Influence and Leadership: The ability to guide and inspire others
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§ Conflict Management: The ability to diffuse difficult situations using persuasion and negotiation.
1.4 Why Emotional Intelligence?
EI helps to predict success because it reflects how a person applies knowledge to the immediate situation. Emotional
Quotient measures “common sense” and the ability to get along in the world. EQ training is used in corporates,
employee development, leadership programs, and in education settings. From a leadership development perspective,
participants enhance their leadership capacities, improve communication, decrease workplace conflict, and improve
problem-solving skills. As a personal benefit, individuals are motivated and inspired to achieve their life goals, have
greater career success, build stronger personal relationships, increase their optimism, and are healthier.
1.5 Gender and Emotional Intelligence
Since females tend to be more emotional and intimate in relationships as compared to males, so their emotional
intelligence ought to be higher than that of males. This is perhaps because of the society, which socializes the
genders differently as has been found in studies by Duckelt and Raffali (1989) and Sandhu and Mehrotra (1999).
Moreover higher emotional intelligence among girls can also be explained in terms of their personality
characteristics. Similar findings were reported in studies by Tapia (1999) and Dunn (2002). They observe that girls
score higher with regard to empathy, social responsibilities and interpersonal relationships than boys. They were
more sensitive towards their relationships with parents, friends and siblings. All these traits help them to acquire
more emotional intelligence as compared to boys.
1.6 Urban/Rural Areas and Emotional Intelligence
The urban adolescents had comparatively better emotional intelligence and adjustment as against their rural
counterparts. This might be due to being prevalent nuclear family units in urban area where parents feel more
concerned of their wards activities and provide suitable guidance and emotional support to their children.
1.7 Adaptability / Adjustment To adapt comes from the Latin word – apere (to bind, to attach). Its past form, aptus (apte), when added to the
locution ad (to, towards) created the verb adaptare (to adjust to, in prevision of) (Rey, 2006). The present use of to
adapt emerged in 16th century, along with a few other derived meanings (aptitude to appropriate or to adhere).
Adjustment refers to the ability of an individual to fit into his environment. Adjustment is an important factor to
complete a person’s goal successfully. It is the process by which a living organism maintains a balance between its
needs and the circumstances that influence the satisfaction of these needs. The concept of adaptation has been at the heart of psychological modeling since its origin in psychological
adaptation. It is defined as the process of unceasing interaction between man and the ever-changing world within
which he evolves. But when the constraints continue, the adaptation system becomes exhausted and “adaptation”
illnesses appear (asthma, ulcers, hypertension or psychosomatic diseases).
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1.8 Social Adaptability
Social Adaptability is the ability to form and maintain friendship according to the norms of one’s peer group reflects
the level of social competence of any person.
It’s an adjustment and adaptation to humans to other individuals and community groups working together for a
common purpose. Social adaptation occurs in the process of socialization and also with the aid of mechanisms of
social control, which include social pressure and state regulation.
Social adaptation becomes increasingly significantly when social change affects important aspects of life over
comparatively short periods of time. Such changes include migration, changes in age, rapid industrial development,
and major shifts of the population from the country to the city.
In socialist society, the process of social adaptation requires study and concentrated action. The failure of certain
individuals to adapt, combined with specific unfavourable situations, may adversely affect the individual’s conduct.
It is useful to study crime from the point of view of unsatisfactory social adaptation in order to understand the causes
of crime and to fight crime effectively.
A person who is socially inadaptive could be shy, withdrawn, or aggressive. The manifestations are:
· Difficulty in joining a group conversation
· Unable to see how his/her behaviour could affect the group
· Unable to see if his/her behaviour has caused any problem
· talks about a happy event with a stern expression
· gets into a fight for even a minor incidents
·
1.9 Relationships between Emotional Intelligence and Social Adjustment
Researchers realized that a child’s emotional life has an impact in his social adaptation (Gardner, 1993; Pekrun,
1992). Positive emotionality is associated with sociability (e.g., Argyle & Lu, 1990), whereas persistent negative
affect keeps other at bay (e.g., Furr & Funder, 1998). Accordingly people need to process emotional information and
manage emotional dynamics intelligently to navigate the social world. Kierstead (1999, page 4 of 8) quotes Mayer
and Salovey describing the role of EI, it states “EI plays a role in our friendships, parenting and intimate
relationships.”
Engelberg and Sjoberg(2004), Adeyemo(2005), and Safavi et al. (2008), who preached that Emotional Intelligence
was related quite strongly to social adjustment.Safavi et al. (2008) investigated the relationship between emotional
intelligence and socio-emotional adjustment in pre-university girl students in Tehran. The result showed that there
was a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and Socio-emotional adjustment.
Evidence for associations between EI ability and Social success have been summarized in a number of recent book
chapters and review articles (see Brackett, Lopes, Iveevic, Mayer & Salovey, 2004; Brackeet &Salovey, 2006;
Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, 2004). In general, studies have shown that EI ability has related to greater empathy
(Ciarrochi, Chan, & Caputi, 2000), less negative interactions with peers (Brackett, Mayer, & Warner, 2004), higher
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quality relationships, less conflict and antagonism with friends (Lopes, Brackett, Nezlek, Schutz, Sellin, & Salovey,
2004; Lopes, Salovey, Starus, 2003), and lower levels of violence and drug problems (Brackett et al., 2004; Gil-
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BATTERY (Ni-Cd) CHARGING ANALYSIS OF
STAND- ALONE 300W SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEM AT CONSTANT SOLAR INSOLATION
Prashant Singh1, Sujil A2 , Prabhat Kumar 3
1PG Scholar Dept. of Electrical Engineering ACEIT, Jaipur (India)
2 Research Scholar Dept. of Electrical Engineering MNIT, Jaipur (India)
3 Assoc. Prof. Dept. of Electrical Engineering ACEIT, Jaipur (India) ABSTRACT Efficient energy storage is proving to be one of the most imperial alternative from the solar photovoltaic system
for power generation so far. Ni-Cd batteries is one of the widely acknowledged energy storage device that can
line up with other charge storing devices. The solitary features of battery (nickel-cadmium) are such that it also
praises other energy storage technologies. These batteries (Ni-Cd) have better performance characteristics than
other conventional battery in the field of rapid charging and discharging capability, high power density and
improved system efficiency. The very paper gives an insight the charging and discharging characteristics, voltage
and current through load of constant solar insolation. The dynamic model of 300W stand-alone solar photovoltaic
system with the very battery is simulated in matlab/Simulink environment. Key words: Blocking/Bypass diode, insolation, solar cell model, SOC, stand-alone system I. NTRODUCTION Energy is a decisive input for the industrial, social, and financial development and also plays a vital role in our
life. Energy crises occur mainly due to two reasons first one rapidly increasing world population and later is higher
living standard of human nowadays. If present trend continues, the world in the year 2000 A.D. will be more
crowded than that of today. Thus, it is important to explore more and more alternative energy sources like
sunlight, wind, and biomass and ocean energy. Photovoltaic energy are renewable, clean and eco-friendly energy
source and it can be used as in various applications [1]. Solar energy is one of the most promising alternatives
for conventional energy sources. Now a day’s photovoltaic solar energy has been widely used to generate
electricity [2-4]. Photovoltaic energy is emerging as an important distributed energy resource since few last
decades [5]. However, these renewable energy sources reduce from some imperfection when they are used as a
stand-alone energy sources. The naturally periodic properties of sun light causes power fluctuation on solar panel
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system. In addition it is difficult to store the power generated by solar panel for night and future use when sunlight
is off [6-7]. Due to these reasons energy storage is required to maintain the power flow and also to manage systems
momentary power balance. So for energy storage from solar panel mainly batteries or super capacitor are Used.
This paper is further organizes as follows. Section II describes the photovoltaic cell. Section III explain the
modeling and simulation of solar PV system. In this section solar cell modeling and battery modeling is describes.
Section IV describes the case study and the result and analysis after successful simulation of proposed 300 W
stand-alone solar photovoltaic system. While conclusion are presented in section V.
II. DESCRIPTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL Solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect [8].
The photovoltaic effect can be described the light, which is in the form of energy, strikes a PV cell and transfers
enough energy to cause the freeing of electrons. A built-in potential barrier in the cell acts on these electrons to
produce a voltage which can be used to drive a current through an electric circuit .The basic material for the
photovoltaic cells is high purified silicon (Si), which is obtained from sand or quartz. Photovoltaic cell are of
cells are semiconductors that have weakly bonded electrons at a level of energy called valence band [9-10].
When energy strikes at the valance bond it release, that electrons and that electrons moves to another energy level
known as conduction band. At the conduction band, the electrons are able to conduct electricity through an
electrical load. Fig.1 shows the simple concept of photovoltaic system. PV cells use the energy of photons from
sunlight to break their band gap energy thereby producing DC current. Typically, PV cells produce low power
(approximately 2-
3Watts) [11] hence to develop more power, voltage multiple solar cell need to be connected in series or parallel
and overall meeting is known is module. Within a module the different cells are connected electrically in series or
in parallel although most modules have a series connection. Individual cells are usually connected into a series
string of cells (typically 36 or 72) to achieve the desired output voltage. In a series connection the same current
flows through all the cells and the voltage at the module terminals is the sum of the individual voltages of each cell.
When modules are connected in parallel the current will be the sum of the individual cell currents and the output
voltage will equal that of a single cell. The nominal voltage of a solar module is 12V and a PV module for
charging 12V batteries usually has 33 to 36 cells. Several module are connected in series, parallel, series-parallel
configuration to form an array. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are of a modular nature [12].because Solar cells can be
connected in series or parallel in virtually any number and combination. Therefore, PV systems may be realized in
an extraordinary broad range of power; from mille watt systems in watches or calculators to megawatt systems for
central power production.
III. MODELING & SIMULATION OF SOLAR (PV) SYSTEM The single line diagram of proposed 300W stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) system is given in fig.2 it consist
of a battery storage unit, an inverter, blocking and bypass diode and a charge controller.
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Fig.1. Concept of Photovoltaic Fig.3. Single exponential model of PV Cell
3.1 PV Cell Model Many equivalent circuits have been proposed in the literature [13-16] in order to assess the behavior of the PV
cell. The mathematical model of PV cell is represented by a current source with a diode connected in parallel as
shown in fig.3. This model has current constant source (ISC), connected with a diode a series resistance (Rs). The
modeling of the standalone solar PV system is based on the equivalent circuit diagram of the PV cell.
Functional block parameters which are used in PV cell model can be shown in table 1. Applying Kirchhoff’s
law to the node where ISC, diode, RP and RS meet, we get the following equation for the photovoltaic current.
On applying the
KCL
(1)
Diode Current
(2)
On applying the KVL
(3)
Table.1 Parameters of Battery
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3.2 Battery Model
Batteries are the central part of the any stand-alone PV system. The battery block implements a generic
dynamic model parameterized to represent most popular types of rechargeable batteries.
Discharge model (i*>0) (4)
Charge model (i*<0)
(5)
Table 2 shows block parameter used to modify the battery specifications for the modelling.
Table.2 Parameters of Battery
Parameters Rating
Nominal voltage (V) 24
Rated capacity (AH) 165
Initial state-of-charge (%) 20
Maximum capacity (AH) 171.85
Fully charged voltage (V) 26.1316
Parameters Rating
Short-circuit current 7.97
Short-circuit voltage 22.1
Current at Pmax 7.46
Voltage at Pmax 18.19
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PV Module
Power Conditioning
Blocking /Bypass diode
Charge Controller
Battery
Inverter
AC Load
DC Load
Fig.2. Single Line Diagram of 300W Stand-alone Solar PV System designed in Simulink/Simpower system
IV. SIMULATION RESULT AND ANALYSIS In this section the simulation result of proposed model is discussed. Such as result has also allowed the
validation of proposed model. In this paper, the simulation result obtained during constant solar insolation.
The proposed model consists of resistive + Inductive (2+j0.01) Ω type load. During simulation the
parameters values that are used to represent a battery, can be used as default values. The Simulink model
shown in fig.2 are simulated and observed output waveform are shown in fig.4.and fig.5. It produces an
output power of 271.49 W for a constant radiation of
1000 W/m2 and output voltage 36.23 V.Fig.6 shows the battery output voltage, output current and %SOC and
output voltage and output current of 300W solar PV system through load (Resistive Inductive) for
bat tery is shown in fig.7. The Charging and discharging cycle are confronted to the one provided by the
model. The cycle are displayed in fig.4 are simulated for 100*2000 sec.at constant moments of the day. The
number of cycles increases with the insolation as the photovoltaic electricity production gets higher. We
can see that the shape of the voltage during charging and discharging is well reproduced by the
simulation. At constant solar insolation 1000 W/m2 battery take 12.31 hours becoming full charge.
International Conference On Recent Trends In Engineering Science And Management ISBN: 978-81-931039-2-0
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Fig.4. Solar PV Output Power
Fig.5. Solar PV Output Voltage
Fig.6. Output current, voltage and state of charge of battery for initial charging-discharging time
Fig.7. Output voltage and current through load for initial SOC of battery
V. CONCLUSION
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The most prevailing agony in today’s world power market is the shortage of fossils fuel. The planet is
progressively marching toward a satirical state of energy crises, owing to an escalating energy utilization which
is far greater than its supply. And the shortage of fossil fuel is providing the necessary nourishment for this
mushrooming problem. Hence the necessity to explore more and more alternative energy sources has become a
matter of utter significance but more important is to store that energy in appropriate device. Based upon the
result discussed above, we can say that these nickel Cadmium battery is better in comparison with other
conventional battery as general solution for power storage. What makes these batteries to stand a cut above
other battery is its durability and flexibility that can be adopted to serve in many roles for which conventional
batteries are not as well suited. It also consists high power density. The charging and discharging time of Ni-Cd
battery is also less in comparison with other conventional battery. By the end of this century, nearly all of the
economically available energy resources will be gone. From now until then, what remains will be rationed by
price. Thus these storage device may emerge as a boon for many application of power system in terms of
efficiency.
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[7] Datta M, Sengyu T, Yona A, Funabashi T, Kim C–H. Photovoltaic output power fluctuations
smoothing methods for single and multiple PV generators. J. Current Applied Physics 2010; 10:265-270.
[8] Sharma, S. Hasan Saeed DK. Non-Conventional Energy Resources. SK Kataria and Sons, 2009.
[9] G Liu, et al. “A general modeling method for I-V characteristics of geometrically and electrically confide
Photovoltaic arrays”. Energy Conversion and Management. vol. 52, pp. 3439 -3445, 2011.
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[10] AM Yahya, et al. “Behavior and performance of a photovoltaic generator in real time”. International
Journal of Physical Sciences. vol. 6, pp. 4361-4367, 2011.
[11] K Ishaque, et al. “Simple, fast and accurate two-diode model for photovoltaic modules”. Solar Energy
Materials and Solar Cells. vol. 95, pp. 586-594, 2011.
[12] S. J. Chiang, K. T. Chang & C. Y. Yen, “Residential Photovoltaic Energy Storage System,” IEEE
transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp 385-394, June 1998.
[13] Minwon Purk, Bong-Tue Kim, In-Kmn Yu, 2001, "A novel Simulation Method for PV Power Generation
Systems using Real Weather Conditions", Industrial Electronics, 2001 Proceedings ISIE 2001, IEEE
International Symposium Vol.1 P. 526-530.
[14] Chen, Wei, Hui Shen, Bifen Shu, Hong Qin, and Tao Deng. "Evaluation of performance of MPPT devices
In PV systems with storage batteries." Renewable Energy 32, no. 9 (2007): 1611-1622. [15] Tsai, Huan-Liang, Ci-Siang Tu, and Yi-Jie Su. "Development of generalized photovoltaic model using
MATLAB/SIMULINK." In Proceedings of the world congress on Engineering and computer science, vol.
2008, pp. 1-6. Cite seer, 2008.
[16] Salmi, T., Bouzguenda, M., Ghastlie, A., & Masmoudi, A. (2012). Matlab/Simulink based modeling of
photovoltaic cell. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 2(2), 213-218.
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ROLE OF BPO IN FINANCE & ACCOUNT Reepu
Department of Management, Punjab Institute of Technology, Nandgarh, Punjab (India)
ABSTRACT Business houses are posed with various challenges. Liberalization, Globalization and Privatisation have
uprooted the trade barriers instituting a ground for intense competition. CFOs therefore are under accuse
pressure of revenue maximization, diminution of operating costs, so as to add more value to the customer’s
deliverables. Outsourcing finance and account’s business processes have become a feasible option for CFOs.
Such BPOS offer a wide gamut of services order to cash, procure to pay and record to report. These automated
offerings support business core competencies enabling them to attain their strategic outcomes. India has been a
favourable hub of such services. The present study is an attempt to study the role of BPO in Finance and
Account.
Keywords: Finance & Account BPO, Globalization, Order to Cash, Procure to Pay, Record to
Report etc
I. INTRODUCTION Outsourcing is an accord in which a company outsources one or more services that could have been
manufactured in-house too. Outsourcing exists in one or more forms:
§ Professional Employer Organization: PEOs execute the HR functionality of organization. The contracted
organization will design a cost efficient methodology to manage the human resources, their payroll,
compensation etc. sharing with organization their expertise on administering, responsibility, risk
management, conformity to employment laws etc.
§ Business Process Outsourcing: It is delegation of certain IT enabled processes which do require a congenial
support from the human beings for its continuous functionality for e.g. data warehousing etc.
§ Application Service Provider: It is a variant of outsourcing which uses internet as a vehicle, for providing
software. Organizations may outsource any software and will be charged a monthly fee for it in contrast to a
traditional model where the software is once delivered and disbursements are hence concluded. For e.g.
many organizations use Peachtree etc accounting software which they can access via a login id and password
from anywhere. It reduces all the hassles related to software update, uphold, backups, recovery, theft,
malicious attacks etc. Organization is automatically oriented with the latest software; its web enabled utility
allows retrieval of information from anywhere.
§ E-Services: It unifies the operations of both BPO and ASP i.e. it is a deliverance of a software product which
may require human intervention.
Business Process Outsourcing connotes outsourcing in different fields. The provider of service normally
manages a certain business with the subsisting or by introducing a new technology for another party. In India
technical assistance, telemarketing, finance and accounting, conversion of data, insurance etc services have been
extensively popular as several UK, USA etc companies outsource ITES process from India only. It has also been
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revealed that India has a market share of nearly 56% of business process outsourcing. Several contributing
factors include:
§ Economies of Scale: Outsourcing from India reduces the cost, increases the output and overall
performance of the company’s products is increased.
§ Professionalism: India constitutes various talented, benevolent, skilled professionals having upper hand in
technological orientations.
§ Risk Sharing: Outsourcing facilitates sharing of risks or may even lead to their mitigation.
§ Economical Labour force: Indian labour force has always been regarded as inexpensive in comparison to
others.
§ Geographical advantage: India possess geographical add on not embraced by everybody.
Finance and Accounting functions play a vital role in achieving the organizational strategic targets. Ever-
greening of a financial turmoil may cause business to cease its operations, as F&A has been considered the
lifeline of an organization. So, it should be assured that every activity in it must contribute to the overall value
addition for the organization. Then only businesses can sustain and generate massive revenue. Firms normally
outsource the following in context of F&A:
§ Order to cash
§ Procure to pay
§ Record to report
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE There has been paucity of relevant literature. Kumar A. (2012) conducted a study to determine the incumbent
opportunities and threats in Indian BPO. He outlined that several external as well as internal challenges surround
the Indian BPO. Several ways to mitigate threats included abolition of unethical customs, management of
attrition rate, constructive brand equity etc. Meenakshi A. (2013) paper is an endeavour to contribute to the
literature of BPO in three ways. It evaluates primarily the workplace situation of BPOs. Second, it appraises the
different benefits an employee receives due to work-life balance. Third, several recommendations like review of
existing policy framework, improvement of compensation package, amiable workplace environment etc are also
portrayed which will enable a BPO worker to have authentic work-life balance. Hagargi (2013) researched that
their entails huge problems of working with Indian BPOs like health problems, sleeping disorders, depression,
eyesight etc. The paper put forward several solutions like free exercise class, day outs etc. out of which time
management has been considered an optimal one. Gupta (2013) performed an exploratory research to determine
the attrition rate in IT and BPO and found that an appraisal system from organization, adequate trainings and
alteration of timings will amplify employee morale. Tamizharasi K. et al (2014) advocated that BPO employees
suffer huge stress which may be due to workload, timing, recurrent nature of tasks, performance etc due to
which they bear several physical and mental problems.
III. FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS BPO
3.1 Need Globalisation has thronged the business with complexities, presenting numerous challenges. Due to innumerable
treaties there has been vigorous relaxation in the trade barriers leading to more interconnectedness. Although
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company becomes viably open for different platforms, but it is besieged with an environment which is
incessantly changing. An intense competition prevails. Pressures to decrease cost, attaining adequate control,
supple and achieve organic and inorganic growth have become the crucial drivers to become successful. Further
to achieve this growth organization need to devise a combined approach accompanied with contemporary
technology which stays for long, is inexpensive and active through which its performance can be enhanced.
Due to Financial Sector Reforms there has been emergence of new regulatory bodies, standards etc demanding
compliance with the rules and regulations. Moreover an organization has to develop a persistent approach
towards knowledge management, patent, IPR etc so as to secure a competitive position. Acquisition and retain
of talent has posed certain major challenges in BPO so this issue has also gained importance. It has been
advocated that such issues and challenges can be easily triumphed over with the usage of a common
denominator i.e. F&A BPO.
3.2 Finance and Account Is Outsourced To Outperform One or All Functions as Described 3.2.1 Order to Cash
Order to cash is the focal facet of every business as it comprises of the entire set of events from where the
customer initiates the process of order placement, his requests are processed so as to obtain cash. Several BPOs
offer end to end products deeming the business type and its requirement. OTC commences from pre-sale
activity, order placement, accounts receivable and general ledger process. The order to cash procedure can be
described as:
Step1: Instigating with the presale activity it involves maintaining customer related data who seem to be active
buyers or some who have been fascinated with their portfolios. Information about such customers is retained in
an ERP. Many organizations even prefer to outsource a specialised package of CRM solutions. Product related
queries are elucidated well which will enable to convert the prospective into active leads.
Step2: During this stage received orders are processed i.e. a linkage is established between the customer, order,
inventory, purchase, vendor and payment modules. If the product is available in their warehouse then a pick-up
request is made but if the product is unavailable with them, they will forward the request to the vendor. Even a
customer is offered with wide payment alternatives from Credit to COD.
Step3: At this instant pick and drop facility is triggered i.e. after acquainting the order from the source or
warehouse, it is packed and is ready forwarded to its destination. Relevant entries are always done in ERP.
Step4: Then organization endeavours to deliver the consignment directly to the customer or may even opt for a
third party carrier. The fall in inventory is recorded to general ledger. The COGS of the goods dispatched is
computed in conjunction. The relevant information required for bill preparation is also documented.
Step5: Billing is prompted for which the modules of inventory, order and customer information are linked.
Meanwhile the accounts receivable data and selling information is also recorded in the general ledger.
Step 6: As soon as the cash is received transactions are classified, maintained and recorded in the general ledger
account. It will enable the management to make effective decisions.
Role of BPO in OTC can be explicated as BPOs have widespread offerings to realize the entire process. They offer a complete package for management of
order, sales, credit, accounts receivable, contracts, collection and billing targeting reduction in the cost,
mismanagement, cycle time, order returns, processing time and any other fall backs. Some BPOs also offer a
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range of supporting activities like whenever an invoice is hoisted concurrently the statement is posted to the e-
mail account of the customer. In case the customer has huge outstanding and there prevails his unwillingness to
pay then even the legal proceedings are headed by them. Accounts receivable reports are also generated to
showcase the due obligations etc.
3.2.2 Procure to Pay Procure to Pay is a sequential series of activity involving purchase requisitions, expenditure corroboration or
processing of accounts payables in consonance with corporate governance.
Step 1: A formal purchase requisition is raised after reviewing the stock in hand and the anticipated demand.
Such requisitions can be a regular one- fulfilling the requisites of conventional manufacturing or it can be a
special\occasional one- placing orders for some special material. Such requisitions are made to ensure
replenishment of stock so that there is never a stock out problem. Whenever any (regular or special) requisitions
are raised following issues are always addressed: (a) Material Type, Quantity, Quality (b) Purchase Timing (c)
EOQ. The requisition copy is normally maintained in triplicate. One copy is send to authorising officer for
approval, second copy is remitted to storekeeper and third is retained by the Department initiating the request.
Step 2: When the purchase requisitions have been raised then a vendor for procuring the order is to be selected.
Organization may issue an open tender, limited tender or a single tender for the purpose of inviting quotations.
A supplier may be selected by taking into consideration parameters like price quotation, quantity per unit of
price, available capacity, supplier’s financial soundness and his management, delivery and payment terms,
product specifications etc. Organization must prepare a comparative statement of quotations for choosing an
optimal one.
Step 3: Once the supplier is selected then the purchase order is directed towards him. It may be regarded as an
agreement binding both the parties in several terms and conditions. Order copy is preserved with the material
receiving department, department which had initiated the request, accounts department and purchase
department.
Step 4: With the material shipment the receiving and inspection team embarks with unloading, unpacking of the
order, monitor the quantity, quality and type of material. Any delay in material receiving must be conveyed
before and any extension in terms of delivery dates should be charged with penalties.
Step 5: Finally entire set of bills for payment are evaluated against the quantity delivered and the prescribed
price. Moreover, a close eye is kept on if the bill is offered with any trade, cash and quantity discount or with
any type of levied taxes. Hence the disbursements are made according to the payment conditions.
Role of BPO in PTP can be expounded as: BPOs offer one to one service in connotation of PTP. Its package include modules for account payables
processing, database maintenance, intercompany credit management, arithmetical and other accuracy checks,
management of interface etc with an effort to abbreviate procurement cycle, cost and hence assuring suppliers
compliance with the regulations.
3.2.3 Record to Report International Accounting Standard has mandated the usage of accounting standards and principles for
consolidating the financial accounts. An organization has to post various transactions to General Ledger
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Account. It must aggregate the different sub-ledgers and make necessary adjustments. They have to consolidate
and validate the presented information. Financial reporting is a requisite to meet the statutory requirements.
Management accounting and recording facilitates management to formulate policies and make effective
decisions.
Role of BPO in RTR can be described as: BPO may assist the management with the help of preparation of an automated reconciliation of cost and
financial accounts, balance sheet, VAT, etc. Other services include preparation of weekly, fortnightly, monthly
reports about MIS, accruals, prepayments, depreciation charges etc.
3.3 Impact The Finance and Accounting BPO performs both front end and back end operations at a reasonable price
yielding more efficacy than organization performing on its own. It vouches for economies of scale using the
latest technology, delivering a single platform for a multi business firm thereby, enabling them to handle remote
operations too. Multi-lingual support has mitigated the difference of country origin. F&A BPO makes
continuous investment to introduce certain modifications over the back end with the dynamics of time
bifurcating them with the traditional line of F&A BPO. So, who will not contract the operations with a third
party which make deliverables to them more quick, accurate, latest technology and ample support?
3.4 Advantages of F&A BPO § It enables an organization to realise not only their functional tactics but also their strategic outcomes,
thereby yielding an extensive sweep to the challenging areas.
§ It endures growth due to the formation of partnership.
§ Outsourcing helps organization to be competitively robust because they can focus more on their core
activities.
§ It helps them to diminish their operating costs.
§ Work replication is certainly avoided.
IV. CONCLUSION BPO plays an extensive role in Finance and Account. It facilitates an organization with several modules like
order to cash, procure to pay and record to report enhancing its revenue collections, effectual working capital
management and thus, contented stakeholders. Many organizations like Accenture, Sutherland Global Service,
Wipro, NCS etc. offer a wide array of F&A services. Buying such services from outside braces transparency,
tech support, assures accurate deliverables and reduction in operating costs. Package support for accounts
receivable, accounts payables, order management, reconciliation etc has made the entire processing more rapid
and precise enabling management to make powerful and proficient decisions.
REFERENCES [1] Kumar Anirudh, Business Opportunities: Special Reference to Business Process Outsourcing Sector in India,
Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Management Review, Vol.1 (4), December 2012.
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[2] Meenakshi A. et al, Work Organization and Work Life Balance in the BPO Sector, International Journal of
Scientific and Research Publications, Vol.3, Issue 6, June 2013.
[3] Hagargi, Work Life Balance in Indian ITES/BPO’s, Global Research Analysis, Vol.2, Issue 6, June 2013.
[4] Gupta V., An Analysis of Attrition: Retention Strategy for IT/BPO Industry, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, Vol.1, Issue 7, December 2013.
[5]Tamizharasi K. et al, Work Stress and Job Performance Evaluation of BPO employees, International Journal
of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol.3, Issue 1, January 2014.
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EVOLUTIONARY PRACTICES IN HRM Reepu
Department of Management, Punjab Institute of Technology, Nandgarh, Punjab (India)
ABSTRACT Human Resource Management has undergone spectrum of evolutions infusing more competence and efficiency
in organizational frame work. From industrial revolution to bossy structure to scientific management to welfare
secretaries to contemporary world there has been several key deliverables. HRM engulfs huge array of
activities ranging from organizational development to maintaining employee relations. This paper is an attempt
to highlight some evolutionary practices like strategic HRM, E-learning, Computerised HRIS, and Performance
Feedback Mechanisms which have revolutionized the posture of Human Resource Management, enabling
personnel to outperform in work, achieve strategic objectives, value building, compliance regulation and
I. INTRODUCTION Human Resource Management embarks from organization, resourcing, HR development, reward management
and employee relation. HRM manoeuvres the growth of an entity from its prematurity to the trail of progression.
It can be described as an avant-garde forward looking approach stalking several evolutions that has made its
voyage completely successful. This branch of learning undertook from England where carpenters, masons etc
form an association for furnishing their tasks. Then industrial revolution in the 18th century demanded the use of
more machinery, steam etc instead of human resource. A sort of bossy revolution was also asserted infusing
more gaps between boss and employees. 19th century was the era of world wars but industrial psychology tend
to gain importance over that instance of time and an emphatic approach over combining psychological
principles to the industrial arena was uprooted stating more effectiveness in the working of labourers. Later,
father of scientific management F.W. Taylor portrayed several scientific management principles. With the
passage of time, around 1920s due to the rise of conflicts among employee and employer some organizations
initiated the concept of Welfare secretaries, whose task was to bridge the gap by communicating the employee
that the actions have been lodged for strengthening him only. Human Relations Movement was a consequence
of sequential studies performed at Hawthorne Facility of Western Electric at Chicago. The study concluded that
their performance increases in relation to the group in which they conduct their work. However, till 1960
managing the human resources was considered only a blue-collar job and the scope was limited to mere record
keeping. Eventually after this time frame the importance of human resource management grew and then began
the inclusion of several sub-systems, which ultimately saw several evolutions. Since 1984, Human Resource
Management has been regarded as vital for an organization (as per the Michigan School). Following underpins
the crucial activities of HRM:
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Fig1. Scope of HRM
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Watanabe K. (2005) researched that students from far areas, working ones and oriented to specialised domains
are beneficial with E-learning practices for correspondence courses and on campus courses utilizing E-learning
practices. According to this study, E-learning will soon become more popular vehicle of learning in Japanese
classrooms. Wright P.M etal (2007) identified variables like HR practice and organizational performance etc
which have been ignored over the time period and supported their findings with several literatures. Khera etal
(2012) conducted an empirical study with 127 respondents from top IT companies and found that the utmost
advantage of HRIS is that it enables to store information about employees, while secondary advantages include
that it enables to amass strategic actions performed by HR. Bal Y, etal (2013) prospects that SHRM plays a huge
role in developing innovativeness into an organizational performance. Hussain M (2013) found that research in
context of HRM is quite small and there exists several areas which need more attention.
III. EVOLUTIONARY PRACTICES
3.1 Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal have evolved from 90 degree where only superior tend to be the sole source for feedback,
180 degree where the outlook of self, superior and subordinate is of the point of interest and 270 degree in
which perspective of superior, subordinate is of worth credible and is used to compute ratings through Bias
Factor. 360 degree Feedback Method also deemed as multi-perspective, multi-rater, full-circle feedback, is a
popular feedback mechanism which undertakes the prospects of employer, customers, supervisors, subordinates
and peers. Few factors which drive such a feedback mechanism include the support of top level management,
consciousness of the decisive factor amongst the employees, authenticity of the parties involved, training
imparted so far and confidentiality of the data.
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Fig.2 Performance Appraisal This feedback is initiated with the help of determination of various objectives. Such objectives may be oriented
to assess the training needs, performance etc. of the employees. Next, after establishment of objectives comes
the phase of decision as to which employee is to be selected as well as its rater. Further, the decisive factor (e.g.
competency model) is plumped for performance. Such criterion must harmonize with software packages
because this vehicle will ease the processing. Later, a methodology for data collection is to be devised which
can be either outsourced or developed internally. The collected data must be analysed using the available
software packages and made ready for presentation. Organization must employ a pilot study before commencing
the entire project. It will enable to understand better the overall efficacies and hence prior modifications can also
be entailed. Hence after tweaking it to desired level, the feedback system should be kicked off, under the close
supervision of HR department. The data obtained from the feedback must be cautiously preserved as well as
shared amongst all. Another 540degree feedback system has also been developed in which client, superior,
peer, subordinate and self opinions are a valuable credence.
The evolutionary practice which has surpassed this traditional feedback system is 720 degree feedback system
taking into consideration both pre and post assessment intervention. This system rather than contemplating
merely the individual role it takes into account a bigger picture i.e. employee’s role at an organizational level. It
regards a profundity approach by measuring the employee’s performance though interviews. More emphasis is
laid on what actually matters or what is crucial for the organization for instance the perspective of clients; hence
with a superior response both the organization and its stakeholders will be gratified.
3.2 E-Learning Trainees have to learn consistently. This enables them to comprehend the various goals to be realized for
intrinsic accomplishment. Learning will serve as a constructive endeavour for the attainment of corporate goals
and objectives. To ease the process of learning learners must be given a gracious environment to learn. Relevant
feedbacks and rewards at appropriate times must be given. Trainees also focus on learning to suffice their basic
needs of living, social needs for surviving and for the achievement of their personal goals. Perpetual feedback
and encouragement will make the learning process more effective. But the process of retainment has become the
difficult task for the human brain as delineated:
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Fig.3 Forgetting Curve With the advent of E-Learning, learning process has been stimulated and development of subject matter to
create expertise on the various specific skills has become the utmost important concern. E-Learning can be
described as the use of technological vehicle for acquisition, complete dissemination of knowledge. E-learning
entails the use of Instrumentional Design Model for generating modules comprising various learning principles
with variant styles. Appropriate outcomes will be acquainted with the establishment of adequate objectives,
supporting theories and an assessment sheet.Graphic Visualisers will enrich the content more. A healthier
learning will require the use of style sheets as recommended by the designer. Further for E-Learning both
Graphic designers and Tool experts play a significant role. Graphic designer have the mastery of multimedia and
may create an image etc. in a jiffy. Tool experts on the other hand, can easily embedd any video, audio etc with
the content. The module once created have to be reviewed by language experts- to assert the language
congruence, design review experts- to evaluate the designing arena, HI design reviewer- ensuring a learnable,
legible outcome.
Therefore, such E-Learning programmes would alleviate the training and development programmes without
mandating the requirement of space and time of learning. They will serve as a JIT tool for the trainees. Such E-
learning T&D programmes will definitely augment the productivity, skill set and efficiency of the employee
leading to lesser wastage of any resources. Once overwhelmed with the learning then an employee can easily
adapt the workable methodology used in the organization. Such a process will definitely intensify the employee
morale engulfed with reduced absenteeism as well as turnover. It will assure an enriched employee experience.
Hence an organization’s profitability, productivity will rise, fostering with better relationships between superior,
subordinate and labourers and hence an enhanced corporate image and trust.\
3.3 SHRM Strategy and HRM have been considered as two important disciplines of management. But the globalisation
have unwraped multitudinal dimensions leading to the origination of SHRM (Strategic Human Resource
Management) which is difficult to define but SHRM is generally perceived as a distinctive approach to
managing people which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic development of highly
committed and capable workforce [Appleby & Mavin (2000)]. Thus, SHRM integrates the functionalities of
recruitment, selection, training, development etc in congruence with the organisation’s strategic objectives, to
attain a perfect fit of the two.
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So, while traditional HRM orients to employee-employer relation, ruled with directives and is a sort of reactive
transaction. SHRM incorporates the analysis of all stakeholders so as to make necessary transformations,
directed with the rules in accordance to the dynamic conditions and is more proactive in nature.
An organizational diagnosis will enable to locate the organization’s strength and weakness and gauging the
strategies which can be translated to human practices i.e. human resources should be made accounatble through
its functions what the organization is indeed trying to achieve. It will enable personnels to understand the
pecuniary impact of their actions. Moreover it can be identified that if their activity is value driven or adds value
to an organization. Hence, aligning such outcomes with personnels will enable them to make full utilization of
their potential. The organization can become triumphant by pursuing the following:
1. Forecasting
2. SHR Formulation
3. Implementation and Control
Forecasting the events will usher them with the opportunities as well as the threats. There will always persist
some events which the organization can easily handle or which are under their control, on the other hand there
exists some over which the organization has little control. There may be some probablistic events, but there even
can exist various unforeseen circumstances which may taint their performance. Various forecasting models can
even be utilised. On reaching the conclusion of such events then a SHRM strategy must be developed. To
reduce any eccentric conduct an organization must develop first organizational objectives, vision, mission etc.
Then the HR strategy ensuring that relevant policies, procedures, philosophies etc must accustom with the
organizational fit. Once SHRM has been processed then hasty implementation with thoughtful consideration of
different aspects must be inherited. Resistance will be encountered during this phase, but deliberate attempts
should be made to the strategy’s introspective elements. Since it has been found that top notch have sustained
the cut throat competition with the help of their valuable resources, innovations etc.
3.4 Computerised Human Resource Information System Human Resource Information System is a system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyse, retrieve and
distribute pertinent information about an organization’s human resources (Tannenbaum, 1990). Now-a-days
HRIS have driven several implications from HR Planning to Labour Relations. A computerised human resource
information system has evolved to account the information about employee from his date of recruitment to his
performance till date. Such a system is a constituent of various modules like e-recruit, performance
management, payroll, compensation, status and skill tracking, training, succession planning, etc. It maintains a
database for it. So hardware, management of database, software, development programme etc are an obstinate
requisite for CHRIS. Numerous HRIS software in this context have reportedly been developed like Abra Suite,
HRSOFT, Peoplesoft, CORT, Atlas Business Solutions, Human Resource MicroSystems, Oracle-HRMS, SAP
HR, Spectrum HR, Vantage HRA etc.
Making information to available online encompass several challenges like associating e-HR with the
organizational strategy, accustoming the unknowns with the technological assistance, checking the viability of
the information, performance augmentations etc. So, an organization may pursue the following trail:
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§ Locate the various impositions of the current, future HR needs to the computerised HR information
systems.
§ Set out early, the desired outcomes from the CHRIS.
§ Make a declaration of the obligation.
§ Seek the available alternatives to meet the requirements.
§ Draw commendation taking into account the available financial structure, product line and other
supporting arrangements.
IV. CONCLUSION Human Resource Management has undergone numerous phases of evolutions steering more efficacy in the
discipline. The present paper trailed the evolution of Performance Feedback Mechanism from 90 degree to 720
degree seeking to improve the way in which employee performs the tasks. E-Learning on the other hand,
portrayed that human retention capacity diminishes with the passage of time, so there is a need of web enabled
system to access the theoretical framework whenever required. SHRM tries to unify two distinct branch of
learning’s to attain the organizational output. CHRIS has further addressed several emerging issues of
mismanagement etc.
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International Conference On Recent Trends In Engineering Science And Management ISBN: 978-81-931039-2-0
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