SOIL CORRELATION TOUR 1/2010 DISTRICT OF KUALA LIPIS PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR. 15 – 19 MAC 2010 ORGANISED BY JABATAN PERTANIAN SOILS SURVEY SECTION DIVISION OF SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PENINSULAR MALAYSIA TERHAD
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SOIL CORRELATION TOUR 1/2010
DISTRICT OF KUALA LIPIS
PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR.
15 – 19 MAC 2010
ORGANISED BY
JABATAN PERTANIAN
SOILS SURVEY SECTION DIVISION OF SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
TERHAD
ALL RIGHT RESERVED
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means
mechanicals, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the
prior permission of the Department of Agriculture Malaysia
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Organising Committee of the soil correlation 1/2010 wishes to convey its gratitude to Director-General of Agriculture, Malaysia, Dato’ Roseley Bin Hj Khalid and the Director of the Division of Soil Management and Conservation Resources Tn Hj. Mustafa Kamal bin Baharuddin and Assistant Director of Soil Survey Section, Choo Seh Bah for their full support to officers of Unit of Soil Management and Conservation Resources Kuantan, Pahang to organise this soil correlation.
The prompt and efficient support given by the Analytical Section of the Division of Soil Management and Conservation Resources, Department of Agriculture, in analysing the soil sample is greatfull acknowledge. Finally, we extend our sincere thanks to all staff of Unit of Soil Management and Conservation Resources, Kuantan and Temerloh Pahang who have worked tirelessly and given their contribution and cooperation in the preparation field trips and tour bulletin.
ii
TOUR COMMITTEE OF SOIL CORRELATION 1/2010 Chairman : Zulkifli bin Ahmad Members : Profile Preparation : Norhisham Yacob & M. Azemi b. Mahat Documentation : Norhisham Yacob & M. Azemi b. Mahat Logistic and Equipment : Norhisham Yacob Registration and Accommodation: Amiruddin Bin Idris Refreshment : Mohammad Nazrul Hizam Ab Manaf PA Equipment : Suhaimi Bin Husin
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Putrajaya
1. Choo Seh Bah Timbalan Pengarah G52 2. Noranizam bin Mohd Sahil Penolong Pengarah G44 3. Ahmad Fairuz Bin Che Omar Penolong Pengarah G41 4. Azman bin Ab. Rahman Penolong Pengarah G41 5. En Rodzi bin Mashor Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G36 6. Ishak bin Alias Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 7. Abdul Shukor bin Talib Pembantu Pertanian G17
Kuala Lumpur
1. Pegawai Sains C41 2. Shahida Talib Pembantu Makmal
Pulau Gadong, Melaka
1. Mohd Faizal Halmy bin Rosly Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27
Telok Chengal, Kedah
1. Mohammad Hatta bin Haron Penolong Pengarah G41 2. En. Mohammad Nor Mat Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 3. Sulaiman Hassan Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27
Titi Gantong, Perak
1. Muhamad Zikri bin Kamal Penolong Pengarah G41 2. George Katung Anak Barat Penolong Pengarah G41 3. Mohd Zainuddin bin Mohd Jailani Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 4. Fakharudin bin Abd Hamid Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 5. En Mohd Radzi Othman Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 6. En Akla Mohamad Pembantu Pertanian G17
Shah Alam, Selangor
1. Ahbar bin Ayub Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 2. Ahmad Nazri bin Abdullah Zawawi Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 3. Mohd Yusrizal bin Mat Yusoff Pembantu Pertanian G17
iii
Chembong, Negeri Sembilan
1. Abd Ghani bin Ahmad Pegawai Pertanian G41 2. Ramli bin Abd. Karim Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 3. Shamsudin Aghoose Pembantu Pertanian G17 4. Ahmad Azwan bin Ahmad Anuar Pembantu Pertanian G17
Ayer Hitam, Johor
1. As’ari bin Hassan Kuasa Usaha (K/U) Ayer Hitam G52 2. Mohd Zulkifli bin Abdullah Penolong Pengarah G41 3. Mohammad Khair bin Ramli Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 4. Wan Abdul Aziz bin Wan Abdullah Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 5. Mohd Noor bin Abdul Manan Pembantu Pertanian G17 6. Mohd Nor Hakiki bin Husin Pembantu Pertanian G17
Kuantan & Temerloh, Pahang
1. Zulkifli bin Ahmad Kuasa Usaha (K/U) Kuantan (G48) 2. Norhisham bin Yacob Penolong Pengarah G44 3. M.Azemi Mahat Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 4. Mohd Nazrul Hizam bin Ab. Manaf Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 5. Amiruddin bin Idris Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
1. Norfazali bin Nordin Penolong Pengarah G44 2. Muhamad Zaihani bin Ramli Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G32 3. A. Rahim bin Ibrahim Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27
Lundang, Kelantan
1. Mohd Rusdi bin Lajid Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27 2. Mohd Affandy bin Yaacob Penolong Pegawai Pertanian G27
Sarawak
1. Ngab Dollah Bin Salam Q48 2. Jopen ak Abut Q41
Sarawak
1. Jutom Ongkosing Q41 2. Barry Lohok Q41
TOUR PROGRAMME
Date Time Activities
15.03.2010 2.00 p.m Registration at Pejabat Pertanian Daerah Lipis
16.03.2010 8.00 a.m Soil Survey Section meeting at Pejabat Pertanian Daerah Lipis
17.03.2010 8.00 a.m Depart to examine profile no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
18.03.2010 8.00 a.m Depart to examine profile no 7, 8, 9, 10
19.03.2010 Disperse
iv
Chairperson, Commentator and Rapporteur of pedon
No Pedon Chairperson Commentator Rapporteur
1 Group 4
2 Group 3
3 Group 2
4 Group 1
5 Group 5
6 Group 5
7 Group 4
8 Group 3
9 Group 2
10 Group 1
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … … … … … … … … i
TOUR COMMITTEE OF SOIL CORRELATION 1/2010 … … … … … ii
Non-existent Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Epipedon/base Saturation/SOIL SERIES NAME/Parent Material/Sand fraction /others Features
Epipedon Base Saturation Value/Chroma Parent Materials (P.M.) Sand Fraction Others Features M=Mollic (indicated when present) lb=low base saturation (<50%NH4OAc) Soil Name in parenthesis ( )= value/chroma (< 4/4) A= Andesite V=Tuffaceous Materials Co = Coarse Sand >30% b = bauxite U=Umbric (indicated when present) hb=high base saturation (>50%NH4OAc) Soil Name without parenthesis( )= value/chroma (>4/4) B=Basalt M=Mixed Parent Materials c = Coarse Sand <30% Soil not indicated with letters ‘M’ or Dull colour = Value/chroma 5/4; 5/3; 4/6 D=Gabbro Q=Quartz Mica Schist m = Medium Sand ‘U’ have on ochric epipedon G=Granodiorite R=Rhyolite gr = gravelly (bauxite) Gr =Granite S= Serpentinite f = fine sand H=Hornsfel Sh=Schist LPM=Laterised Parent Materials
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
KUALA LUMPUR
17/02/2003
TABLE 2 : IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED FROM SEDIMENTARY AND LOW GRADE METAMORPHIC ROCK
Non-existent Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Epipedon/base Saturation/SOIL SERIES NAME/Parent Materials/Sand fraction /Others Features
Epipedon Base Saturation Value/Chroma Parent Materials (P.M.) Sand Fraction Others Features M=Mollic (indicated when present) lb=low base saturation (<50%NH4OAc) Soil Name in parenthesis ( )=soil with low value/chroma (< 4/4) CS=Carbonaceous shale Q=Quartz mica schist Co=Coarse Sand >30% d5=somewhat imperfectly drained U=Umbric (indicated when present) hb=high base saturation (>50%NH4OAc) Soil Name without parenthesis( )=soil with high value chroma (>4/4) H =Hornsfel S= Shale C=Coarse Sand <30% d6=moderately well-drained Soil not indicated with letters ‘M’ or Dull colour = value/chroma 4/6, 5/3, 5/4 IS =Iron poor shale SD=Sandstone f=Fine sand P =plinthite (>50%) ‘U’ have on ochric epipedon Olive colour = hue 5Y and 2.5Y, value/chroma 5/3, 5/4, 4/6, 4/4 K=Conglomerates SS=Iron poor sandy shale m =Medium Sand p =<50% plinthite Olive yellow colour = hue 2.5Y, value/chroma 6/4, 6/3 L=Limestone V=Tuffaceous shale gr=Gravelly White colour = value/chroma 7/1, 7/2, 8/1, 8/2 LS=Laterised shale Pale yellow colour = hue 5Y and 2.5Y, value/chroma 7/3, 7/4, 8/3, 8/4
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
KUALA LUMPUR
17/02/2003
TABLE 3a: SOILS ON OLDER ALLUVIUM WITH NO QUARTZ STONELINE OR A QUARTZ STONELINE <25CM WITHIN 100CM OF THE SOIL SURFACE
DEPTH TO
SAPROLITE OR PARENT MATERIAL
0 – 50 CM
50 – 100 CM
>100 CM
HUE
2.5YR –5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR –5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR –5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
PLINTHITE
TEXTURE
<5%
5 – 50%
>50%
<5%
5 – 50%
>50%
<5%
5 – 50%
>50%
<5%
5 – 50%
>50%
<5%
5 – 50%
>50%
<5%
5 – 50%
>50%
VERY FINE ( >60% CLAY)
KELAU/gr
FINE (35 – 60% CLAY AND > 30% FINE SILT)
FINE (35 – 60% CLAY AND < 30% FINE SILT)
NAM HENG/Sh/f
BALING/G/C
TAMPOI/f
HARIMAU/c
FINE LOAMY (18-35% CLAY)
CHUKAI/c
CO – LOAMY (10 –18% CLAY)
IBOK/c
Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: SOIL SERIES NAME/Parent materials/sand fraction Parent Materials Sand Fraction Sh = Shale c = Coarse sand Gr = Granite m = Medium sand SD = Sandstone f = Fine sand
Note: 1. This table contains reworked soil with no stoneline consisting of quartz stone and gravels or a stoneline <25cm thick within 100cm of the soil surface. 2. A stoneline (quartz, stone and gravels) <25cm thick should be classified as a phase of a soil without stoneline in this table 3. For soil with a lateritic > 25cm thick overlaying the stoneline of quartz, stone and gravels, refer to Table 4: Identification Of Soils With Reworked Lateritic Stoneline
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 3b: SOILS ON OLDER ALLUVIUM WITH QUARTZ AND STONELINE > 25CM WITHIN 100CM OF THE SOIL SURFACE
DEPTH TO SAPROLITE
> 1 METER
< 1 METER
TEXTURE
VERY FINE >60% CLAY
FINE
35 – 60% CLAY
FINE LOAMY
18-30%
COARSE LOAMY
10 –18% CLAY
VERY FINE >60% CLAY
FINE
35 – 60% CLAY
FINE LOAMY
18-30%
COARSE LOAMY
10 –18% CLAY
HUE
DEPTH TO STONELINE
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
2.5YR – 5 YR
7.5YR – 10 YR
SHALLOW (0 –50 cm)
TEMERLOH/c
ULU TIRAM
MODERATELY DEEP (50 –100cm)
KENING
KAWANG/c
JERNEH
DEEP (Stoneline below 100cm soil surface)
Mainly moderately well to well drained Somewhat imperfectly or imperfectly drained
Proceed to Table 1 on Soil develop on Igneous or High Grade Metamorphic Rock Table 2 on Soil develop on sedimentary or Low Grade Metamorphic Rock
Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: SOIL SERIES NAME/Sand Fraction
Sand Fraction c = Coarse sand
f = Fine sand
Note : 1. To use this table, the band consisting mainly of quartz, stones and pebbles should be at least 25cm thick within 100cm of the soil surface 2. A soil with a band <25cm within 100cm of the soil surface, should be classified as a phase of a soil in table 3a. 3. A soil with a lateritic band > 25cm thick overlaying the band of quartz stone and pebble or the saprolite should be classified
as lateritic soil (Table 4: Identification Of Soils With A Reworked Lateritic Stoneline) Refer to Table 3a for soils on saprolite at 0 – 50cm or 50 – 100cm on flat and undulating terrain. If the soil is found on rolling terrain or steeper, refer to Table 2
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 4: IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS WITH A REWORKED LATERITIC STONELINE
DEPTH TO SAPROLITE
> 100cm
> 100cm
WITHIN 100cm
LATERITIC
MATERIALS
MAINLY LARGE
ANGULAR, STONES,
BOULDERS AND GRAVELS
MAINLY MIXED SUBANGULAR AND SUBROUNDED GRAVELS.
MAINLY ROUNDED AND SUBROUNDED GRAVELS
TEXTURAL CLASS
CLAYEY
HEAVY CLAY
CLAYEY
FINE LOAMY
COARSE LOAMY
CLAYEY
FINE LOAMY
COARSE LOAMY
HUE
DEPTH TO
LATERITIC LAYER
2.5YR-10YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5YR-5YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5YR-5YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5YR-5YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5YR-5YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5Y -5YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5YR-5YR
7.5YR-10YR
2.5YR-5YR
7.5YR-10YR
SHALLOW (0-50cm)
MALACCA/f
TUNGGAL/f
JITRA/f
GAJAH MATI/f
PEDU/f
NAPAI/f
POKOK SENA/f
CUPING/f
×BERA/f
MODERATE
(50-75cm)
TANDAK/f
TAVY/f
KAWAH/f
TERAP/f
NERANG/f LANAS/c
CHUNGLOON/f SEMBRIN/f ×KABU/f ×TEMBIL/f
×DAMPAR/f
×TEMBAGA/f
DEEP (>100cm)
Lateritic layer below 100 cm of soil surface
Soils on P and P3 surfaces are mostly well-drained soils except the Oxisols which are somewhat excessively drained The P2 soils are mainly somewhat imperfectly drained (drainage class 5) and imperfectly drained (drainage class 4) found on flat ( 0 - 30º) and undulating terrain (2 - 6º) Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: SOIL SERIES NAME/Sand Fraction
Proceed to (i) Table 2 on soils developed on sedimentary and low grade metamorphic rocks or
(ii) Table 3 on soils developed on older Alluvium.
Refer to Table 3a for soils on saprolite at 0 - 25cm or 50 – 100cm on flat and undulating terrain.
If the soil is found on rolling terrain or steeper, refer to Table 2
Sand Fractions c=Coarse sand × =Tentative series f=Fine sand NOTE: All these soils have a low base saturation except for some soil found in the vicinity of limestone country. Characterization of lateritic soils in limestone areas is being undertaken.
To use this table, the minimum thickness of the lateritic layer must be 25 cm within 100 cm of the soil surface. A lateritic layer <25 cm thick within 100 cm of the soil surface is considered a phase of another soil series in Table 2 or Table 6
of a non-lateritic soils
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 5 : IDENTIFICATION OF RECENT (T1) ALLUVIAL SOILS
TEXTURAL
CLASS DRAINAGE CLASS
CLAY (>35% CLAY)
FINE LOAMY (18-35% CLAY)
COARSE LOAMY (10-18% CLAY)
SANDY (<10% CLAY)
GRAVELLY
VERY FINE
(>60% CLAY)
FINE
(35-60% CLAY)
SILT
(>30% FINE SILT)
FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
CLAY
LOAMY
SAND
0 VERY POOR
LUBOK ITIK/B
BINJAI
KERPAI
1 SOMEWHAT VERY POOR
LUBOK SENDONG
SELINGKAT
2 POOR
JABIL
SETOL
SUNGAI AMIN/r
SEJACOB/b
PASIR PUTEH/r
MAROH/b
3 SOMEWHAT POOR
TEPUS
SEPAYANG
BATU HITAM/m
4 IMPERFECT
LATING
GUGUT
KAYA
U/LEKIR/1 U/KOH/2
TELAGA
BANGGOL
5 SOMEWHAT IMPERFECT
MEDANG
MERANTI
6 MODERATELY WELL
LUNDANG/m
CHEMPAKA
PENAMBANG
7 WELL
TOK YONG
8 SOMEWHAT EXCESSIVE
TELEMONG
TERAS
9 EXCESSIVE
Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Epipedon/SOIL SERIES NAME/Others Features Epipedon Others Features U = Umbric horizon b=Brown mottles The other soils m=Minimum of 10% manganese nodules throughout the profile have an ochric epipedon r=Red mottles 1=Humitropept Great Group 2=Dystropept Great Group B= Buried organic layer
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 6 : IDENTIFICATION OF SUB-RECENT (T2) ALLUVIAL AND RELATED REWORKED SOILS
TEXTURAL CLASS
DRAINAGE CLASS
VERY FINE
(>60% CLAY)
CLAY (>35-60% CLAY)
FINE LOAMY (18-35% CLAY)
COARSE LOAMY
(10-18% CLAY)
SANDY
(<10% CLAY)
GRAVELLY
<30% FINE SILT
>30% FINE SILT
<30% FINE SILT
>30% FINE SILT
FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
CLAY SKELETAL
FINE
LOAMY SKELETAL
<5%Plinthite
5-50% plinthite
>50%
plinthite
<5%
plinthite
5-50%
plinthite
>50%
plinthite
<5% Plinthite
5-50%
Plinthite
>50%
Plinthite
<5%
Plinthite
5-50%
Plinthite
>50%
Plinthite Fine Sand
Co. Sand
0 VERY POOR
JELUTONG/f
1.SOMEWHAT VERY POOR
2 POOR
SOGOMANA/f
CHERANG HANGUS/f
SIMPAH/f
LUNAS HALU/d
SEGARI
JONG/f
SUBANG
MANIK
BADAK
3 SOMEWHAT POOR
BERTAM/f/p (dull colour)
KG. PUSU/f
HUTAN/f
KILAN/f
4 IMPERFECT
SEROK/f hb/BELADING/f/p
GONG CENAK/f
ALMA/c
LUBOK KIAT/f
TELANG/f/d
PELANDUK/f
BUKIT TUKU
AWANG/gr CERMIN
BEMBAN/f
BANAR
5 SOMEWHAT IMPERFECT 6 MODERATELY WELL
SITIAWAN/f
KECHOR/f
KERAYONG/f/r
KUAU/f
NANGKA
LINTANG
TENANG
7 WELL
TEBOK/f TAWAR/c
RASAU
HOLYROOD
KILIN/f
8 SOMEWHAT EXCESSIVE
SUNGAI
BULOH
9 EXCESSIVE
Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name : Base Saturation/ SOIL SERIES NAME/sand fraction/other features
Base Saturation Sand Fraction Others Features hb = high base saturation f=Fine Sand d=duripan c=Coarse Sand r =Red mottles gr=slightly gravelly of colluvial origin p =compact and prismatic structures with surface gleying dull colour = value/chroma: 5/3,5/4, 4/6
<5% plinthite = Negligible 5-50% plinthite = Plinthic subgroup >50% = Plinthic great group
All soils have low base saturation percentage except those indicated with symbol ‘hb’ The soil in this table are found only on flat terrain (0 - 2º) and undulating terrain (2 - 6º)
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 7 : IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON BEACH RIDGES AND RELATED DEPOSITS TEXTURE
CLASS DEPTH TO SPODIC/ BURIED HORIZON
DRAINAGE CLASS
VERY POOR
0
SOMEWHAT VERY POOR
1
POOR
2
SOMEWHAT
POOR 3
IMPERFECT
4
SOMEWHAT IMPERFECT
5
MODERATELY
WELL 6
WELL
7
SOMEWHAT EXCESSIVE
8
EXCESSIVE
9
VERY FINE > 60% Clay
S
M
LUBOK ITEK/B
D
FINE 33-60% Clay
S
M
CHENERING/B/gr
NERUS/B
PENAGA/o
D
FINE LOAMY
18-35% Clay
S
M
NIBONG/ /B
D
PERMATANG
SENENG
COARSE LOAMY
<18% Clay
S
M
IBAI/s/f
D
MELAWI/f + RESAM
+ BAKONG
SANDY <10% Clay
S
RHU TAPAI/s
M
MERCHANG/B/o
RUDUA/s CERATING/w ULAR/o
D
KERPAH/f/ (Strong Brown) FIKRI (Brown, med sand)
+BEOH (Light Greyish Brown) + PERMATANG TIMBUL (Brown, co & med
sand)
ROMPIN/r + PAUH BAGING
JAMBU/e
Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Parent Materials (origin deposits) SOIL SERIES NAME/Sand Fraction/Others Features Parent Materials (Origin Deposits) Sand Fraction Others Features
S = Shallow (0-50 cm) + = on old beach ridge f=Fine sand B = buried M = Moderate deep ((50-100 cm) r= riverine influence o = enriched with illuviated humus D = Deep (>100) w = wavy fragmental spodic
All soils are ‘Young Beach Ridge’ unless otherwise specified; soils on old beach ridges s = spodic are indicated by a ‘t’ in front of the soil services name written in italic. Soil influenced e = eluvial by riverine alluvium are indicated by latter ‘r’ after he soil series gr = gravelly All soils consist of medium and coarse sand fraction except those indicating with ‘f’ Note 1. The term "Rusila Complex" is used to describe complicated soil complexes which are found in the swales and which cannot be mapped as individual series even at detailed soil mapping. 2. Hardness of the spodic horizon is considered at phase level i.e either hard (H), soft (S) or a mixture of hard and soft (HS). Example (i) Rudua/s/H (Rudua Series, hard spodic horizon); (ii) Rudua/s/S (Rudua Series, soft spodic horizon); (iii) Rudua/s/HS (Rudua Series with a mixture of hard and soft spodic materials in the same horizon). These of these 3 phases can be upgraded to soil series at a later when their occurrence and distribution become significant.
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 8 : IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS WITH SULFIDIC AND SULFURIC HORIZON
DIAGNOSTIC HORIZON/MATERIAL
SULFIDIC
SULFURIC HORIZON WITHOUT JAROSITE
SULFURIC HORIZON WITH JAROSITE
CAMBIC
DEPTH TO SULFIDIC/
SULFURIC
0 - 50 cm
50 - 100 cm
0 - 50 cm
50 - 100 cm
0 - 50 cm
50 - 100 cm
Sulfidic/
Sulfuric horizon below 100 cm
HORIZONATION
O / A / C, A / C, A / BC / C O / A / C, A / C,
A / BC / C
A / B / C
A / B / C
A / B / C
A / B / C
A / B / C
A / B / C
A / B / C
DEPTH TO C HORIZON
0 - 50 cm
50-100
cm
50 - 100 cm
0 - 50 cm
50-100cm
50 - 100 cm
0 - 50 cm
50-100 cm
50 - > 100 cm
> 50 - 100 cm
> 100 cm
Below 100 cm
n VALUE
NATURE OF SUBSOIL
> 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
MATRIX : GRAY
MASSIVE TO VERY COARSE ANGULAR
BLOCKY
KRANJI/HC/C
MERBOK/C
KUALA PERLIS/C
MATRIX : GRAY
(INCLUDING GRAYISH BROWN 10YR5/2)
MED. TO CO. ANGULAR AND / OR
SUBANGULAR BLOCKY
TIMUN/Sc
PARIT BOTAK/C
TELOK/C
TONGKANG/C
CAREY/L
Example BERNAM
MATRIX : BROWN
ANGULAR BLOCKY AND STICKY
LINAU/C
KEMANG/C
GUAR/C
MATRIX : BROWN
SUBANGULAR BLOCKY AND FRIABLE
x SERKAT ‘A’
JENJARUM
TAMBUN/Mc
TEBUAN/Cc
x SABRANG ‘A’
SEDU/C
JAWA/C
JURU/Cc
JAWA
JURU/Cc
Example SELANGOR
Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: SOIL SERIES NAME/Conductivity/Texture Conductivity Texture HC= High conductivity (>4dS/m) C = Clay to heavy clay Mc= Coarse sandy clay loam x= Tentative Cc = Coarse sandy clay Sc=Coarse sand to loamy sand L = Loamy texture soil
Proceed to table 9 on non-acid sulphate non-saline soils developed on marine clay
Note : 1. To be a Sulfuric Horizon, the following criteria must be satisfied : i) pH ≤3.5
ii) at least 15 cm thick iii) Evidences to show low pH is due to sulfuric acid formation (jarosite; sulphate≥0.05%; sulfide materials).
2. Names of similar soils will be finalised upon completion of further field and laboratory testing. 3. All series have clayey textures unless otherwise specified. 4. All soils have low electrical conductivity reading unless otherwise specified.
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 9: IDENTIFICATION OF NON-ACID SULPHATE MARINE ALLUVIAL SOILS
\ ____ ________ / Co. to V Co. angular blocky to massive structures in greenish gray to gray soils Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Profile Development/SOIL SERIES NAME/Conductivity/Colours of Mottles/Others Profile Development Conductivity Mottles Colour Others 1 = A/C or O/AC/C profile HC1=high conductivity 2-4 ds/m b= brown mottles v = slickensides 2 = A/BC/C profile HC2=high conductivity > 4 ds/m y = yellow mottles (AB) = Coarse angular blocky structures LC=low conductivity < 2 ds/m r=Red mottles p = Plinthite < 35% @ = manganese concretions # = gypsum np = non padi soils
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 10 : IDENTIFICATION OF SHALLOW ORGANIC SOILS
DOMINANT ORGANIC SOIL MATERIAL (0-50 CM)
NATURE OF UNDERLAYING
MINERAL SOIL (50-100 CM)
SAPRIC
HEMIC
FIBRIC / WOODY
CLAYEY
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
GALI
CHANGKAT LOBAK
LOAMY
SANDY
PAK BONG
CLAYEY
LINGGI
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
NIPIS
MUKAH
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
PENOR
BAKRI
LOAMY
SANDY
RIV
ER
INE
MA
RIN
E/E
ST
UA
RIN
E/B
RA
CK
ISH
WA
TE
R
BR
OW
N
NO
N S
UL
FID
IC/S
UL
FU
RIC
SU
LF
IDIC
GR
EY
B
RO
WN
G
RE
Y
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
G
RE
Y
BR
OW
N
TABLE 11: IDENTIFICATION OF MODERATELY DEEP AND DEEP ORGANIC SOILS
DOMINANT ORGANIC SOIL MATERIAL
0-100cm
NATURE OF MATERIAL >100 cm
SAPRIC
HEMIC
FIBRIC / WOODY
CLAYEY
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
TASIK
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
TELUK BULUH
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
LOAMY
SANDY
CLAYEY
NIPIS
LOAMY
SANDY
SAPRIC
HEMIC
FIBRIC / WOODY
GONDANG
SALLEH
SAPRIC
HEMIC
FIBRIC / WOODY
BAYAS
DE
PT
H O
F P
EA
T
MO
DE
RA
TE
LY
DE
EP
PE
AT
(M
INE
RA
L S
OIL
AT
100
-300 C
M
RIV
ER
INE
M
AR
INE
/ES
TU
AR
INE
/BR
AC
KIS
H
DE
EP
PE
AT
(MIN
ER
AL
SO
IL A
T D
EP
TH
>300 C
M)
BR
OW
N
BR
OW
N
GR
EY
GR
EY
B
RO
WN
G
RE
Y
NO
NS
UL
FU
RIC
/NO
NS
UL
FID
IC
SU
LF
UR
IC/S
UL
FID
IC
RIV
ER
INE
M
AR
INE
/ES
TU
AR
INE
/
BR
AC
KIS
H
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 12a: IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON LIMESTONE AND CALCAREOUS MATERIALS (SOILS WITH NO IRON OR IRON/MANGANESE BAND OR THE BAND IS LESS THAN 25 CM THICK
WITHIN 100 CM OF THE SOIL SURFACE)
DEPTH TO ROCKS
SHALLOW ( 0 - 50 cm)
MODERATE ( 50 - 100 cm)
DEEP ( > 100 cm)
TEXTURAL
CLASS DRAINAGE CLASS
VERY FINE
> 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE
> 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE
> 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY < 30% SILT
> 30% SILT
< 30% SILT
> 30% SILT
<30% SILT
>30% SILT
0 VERY POOR
1 SOMEWHAT VERY POOR
2 POOR
LALOH/C
3 SOMEWHAT POOR
4 IMPERFECT
5 SOMEWHAT IMPERFECT
6 MODERATELY WELL
RAKIT
MERAPOH
NIRAM
TANGGANG
7 WELL
lb/KODIANG
KAKI BUKIT
8 SOMEWHAT EXCESSIVE
lb/TANGGA/O lb/LANGKAWI hb/SAGU/O
9 EXCESSIVE
Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Base Saturation/SOIL SERIES NAME/Sub-Surface Diagnostic Horizon Sub-Surface Diagnostic Horizon Base Saturation O = Oxic horizon lb = low base saturation C = Cambic All the soils have a high base saturation except those abbreviated as ‘lb’. All the soils have an argillic horizon except for those indicated by letters ‘O’ and ‘C’. Note 1. This table is for the identification of soils with no gravel band or the band is less than 25 cm thick. 2. A mixed iron and manganese gravel band less than 25 cm thick within 1 metre of soils surface are considered as depth phases of these soils. 3. For soils with mixed iron and manganese gravel band > 25 cm, refer to table 12b. 4. These soils generally have dull colours (value/ chroma 4/6, 5/3, 5/4) except for Tanggang, Sago, Langkawi and Tangga series(5/6, 5/8).
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003
TABLE 12b: IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON LIMESTONE AND CALCAREOUS MATERIALS (SOILS WITH MANGANESE OR IRON/MANGANESE BAND MORE THAN 25 CM THICK WITHIN 100CM OF SOIL SURFACE)
DEPTH TO
ROCKS
SHALLOW ( 0 - 50 cm)
MODERATE ( 50 - 100 cm)
DEEP
(> 100 cm)
DEEP
(>100 cm)
DEPTH TO
BAND
0 - 50 cm
0 - 50 cm
50 - 100 cm
0 - 50 cm
50 - 100 cm
> 100 cm
TEXTURAL
CLASS
DRAINAGE CLASS
VERY FINE > 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE > 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE > 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE > 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE > 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY
VERY FINE
> 60% CLAY
CLAY
35 - 60 %
FINE
LOAMY 18 - 35 %
CLAY < 30% SILT
> 30% SILT
< 30% SILT
> 30% SILT
<30% SILT
>30% SILT
<30% SILT
>30% SILT
< 30% SILT
> 30% SILT
< 30%
Silt
> 30%
Silt
0 VERY POOR
1 SOMEWHAT VERY POOR
2 POOR
PERSIT/C
LALOH/C
3 SOMEWHAT POOR 4 IMPERFECT
MENTARA
TEMAU
5 SOMEWHAT IMPERFECT 6 MODERATELY WELL
(LAYANG)
TABAN
TERAH
lb/KODIANG
KUMBANG SELUT
SALAK (MERHAMAH)
MERAPOH KAKI BUKIT
NIRAM
TANGGANG
7 WELL 8 SOMEWHAT EXCESSIVE
lb/TANGGA/O lb/LANGKAWI hb/SAGU/O
9 EXCESSIVE
Prefixes and Suffixes used with Soil Series Name: Base Saturation/SOIL SERIES NAME/ Sub-Surface diagnostic horizon
Sub-Surface Diagnostic Horizon Base Saturation Others O = Oxic horizon lb = low base saturation ( ) – low value chroma < 4/4
C = Cambic horizon All the soils have a high base saturation except those abbreviated as ‘lb’. All the soils have an argillic horizon except for those indicated by letters ‘O’ and ‘C’.
Note: 1. The gravel band should at least 25 cm thick occurring within 1 metre of the soil surface. 2. For limestone related soils with no mixed iron-manganese band within 1 meter of soil surface, please refer to Table 12a. 3. Limestone related soils with mixed iron-manganese band less than 25 cm thick should be classified as phases of soils found in Table 12a. 4. Soils with a lateritic band more than 25 cm thick with low base saturation should be classified as lateritic soils in accordance to Table 4 (Identification of Soils with a Reworked Lateritic Stoneline). If the band is less than 25 cm , the soils should be classified as a phase of non-lateritic soils found in Table 2 (Identification of Soils developed on Sedimentary and Low Grade Metamorphic Rocks) or Table 6 [Identification of Sub-recent (T2) Alluvial Soils] 5. These soils generally have dull colour (value/chroma 4/6, 5/3, 5/4) except for Tanggang,Sago, Langkawi, Selut and Tangga series. (value/chroma 5/6 : 5/8)
Soils with a iron/iron-manganese 100cm below the soil surface. Please refer to Table 12a
SOIL MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR 17/02/2003