Describing Matter

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Matter- Anything that has mass and volume and takes up space

Different forms of matter have different properties that allow you to identify it.

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

• Hardness

• color

• boiling point/melting point

• conductivity,

• texture,

• magnetic attraction

• malleability

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Extensive Properties

•An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Will change as the size of the sample changes

•Ex. Mass, volume, length ect….

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Intensive Properties

An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample. Doesn’t change when you alter the size of a sample

Ex. Temperature, color, molecular weight, density ect…

Doesn’t matter how much water you have temp, color,density will not change

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Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is called a chemical property.

Chemical properties can be used to identify a substance. But chemical properties can be observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change.

Ex. Flammability, reactivity, rusting

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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Properties of Matter > REVIEW

Label the following properties as intensive or extensive and if they are a physical or chemical property• Density• Color• Mass• Malleability• Combustibility


Properties of Matter >

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States of Matter

States of Matter

What are three states of matter?

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Solids

A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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Liquid

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

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Gases

A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

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Properties of Matter >

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Physical Changes

Physical Changes

How can physical changes be classified?

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

During a physical change the composition of the material does not change.

As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

• All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible.

• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

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During a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes.

Recall that during a physical change, the composition of matter never changes.

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A magnet separates iron from sulfur. This is an example of a physical change.

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A mixture of iron and sulfur is heated. The iron and sulfur react and form iron sulfide. This is an example of a chemical change.

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A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.

One or more substances change into one or more new substances during a chemical reaction.

A substance present at the start of the reaction is a reactant.

A substance produced in the reaction is a product.

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Properties of Matter > Recognizing Chemical Changes

Possible clues to chemical change include:

a transfer of energy

a change in color

the production of a gas

the formation of a precipitate.

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A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.

Clues to chemical changes have practical applications.

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Describing Matter

Documents

chemical properties

form of matter

doesnt matter

different properties

type of matter

volume of solids

specific chemical change

spacedifferent forms