Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP By the late 1800s individual states began to pass laws that limited the.

Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the

NAACP• By the late 1800s individual states began to pass laws that limited

the individual rights of African Americans

• Voting rights were curtailed by using poll taxes and enforcing grandfather clauses

• Jim Crow laws were laws that helped enforce segregation, first in the private sector, and then at the state level

Video: Jim Crow & Civil Rights

• Be attentive during the video

• Write the 3 questions that appear on the board in your notebook– As you watch and after the video is over reflect on these

questions and write an answer down in your notes

• Talking, wandering, sleeping, and disrupting will all result in a reduced participation grade

• Mr. Howard reserves the right to stop the video at any point to discuss issues brought forth

Take a Good Look

• What color is the man sitting down?

• What color is this man?

Plessy v. Ferguson

• Plessy, an African American by state classification, challenged a law requiring him to ride in a separate railroad car

• The case went to the Supreme Court where they ruled against Plessy

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) legalized segregation and discrimination in the U.S. under the separate but equal doctrine

*Plessy was 7/8ths white, but was still classified as “colored” under Louisiana State law*

Niagara Movement• The Niagara Movement was an

African-American Civil Rights organization founded in 1905

• One of the founding members was Harvard professor WEB DuBois

• The group radically called for an end to segregation and the disenfranchisement of blacks in America

• They were opposed to other civil rights leaders such as Booker T. Washington– He was seen as too conciliatory by

many other civil rights groups

• The group disbanded in 1910

• Many of the members became members of the NAACP

NAACP

• Founded in 1909 to promote African American voting rights in order to end racial discrimination

• W.E.B. Du Bois was one of the founding members of the organization

NAACP• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States

• Co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois on February 12,1909

• Seven individuals founded the group– Three of the original seven were white

Women’s Changing Roles – The “New” Woman

• Since the beginning of time women have fought to find a lasting and prominent position in their society

• Between 1900 and 1920, the roles of women changed dramatically in the United States– Women went from homebound

producers to wage-earning consumers

– Women became political and social reformers during these years

• These women were not always seen as politically productive by men of their time– Many women became active and

independent and productive in their new found roles

– These “new” women challenged tradition and changed society

Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform

movements • Jane Addams founded the Hull

House in Chicago in 1889– Provided immigrants with social

and educational opportunities and training

– Was one of the first “settlement houses” in the U.S.

• Women during the time period began to become involved in many reform efforts including – Education– Prison– Prohibition and women’s rights

and suffrage

Lucretia Mott

• Women’s movement leader

• Quaker, Abolitionist, social reformer

• Credited with being the first American feminist

• Separated from Stanton on the issue of divorce

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Leader of women’s suffrage movement in the US

• Opposed the 14th & 15th Amendments

• Wrote, “Declaration of Sentiments” delivered at the first women’s rights convention

Susan B. Anthony

• 1820-1906

• Quaker & women’s rights advocate

• Formally educated

• 1851 meets Elizabeth Stanton

• 1869 forms National Woman Suffrage Association with Stanton

• 1979 Susan B. Anthony dollar issued

Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum;

direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the

poor in cities

• A major focus of the Progressive Movement was political reform. To give power to the voters:

– Initiative: allowed citizens to introduce legislation

– Recall: allowed voters to remove elected officials through a special vote

– Referendum: allowed proposed legislation to be approved by voter

– Direct election of senators: The 17th Amendment was passed in 1913 to give voters the power to elect senators directly in an attempt to prevent corruption

Explain Ida Tarbell’s Role as a Muckraker

• A muckraker was a journalist who investigated political corruption and social conditions

• Ida Tarbell focused on John Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Corporation

Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry

• In 1904 Upton Sinclair, a muckraker, published The Jungle

• The book was based on Sinclair’s observations of Chicago meat slaughterhouses– described the horrible conditions in the industry– became a best seller and caught the attention of Congress and President

Roosevelt.

• In response to the book Congress passed – The Meat Inspection Act – The Pure Food and Drug Act– They helped to oversee and inspect the food industry

“..sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and

white-it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped

into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption.”

Labor Laws

• Progressives worked to end child labor

• Factory and mine child workers made less than 60¢ for a 10-hour day

• Progressives also fought for safer working conditions

Progressives & the Progressive Movement

• The Social Gospel Movement – Worked to better conditions

for the urban poor– Used organizations such as

the YMCA, Salvation Army, & settlement houses

• Education played a role in the Progressive Movement – School became compulsory– School was used as a means

of assimilating immigrants into American society