1 Tumor Immunology evidence for immune reactivity against tumor changes in cellular characteristics due to malignancy tumor and host components which affect tumor progression use of tumor antigens in diagnosis and immunotherapy
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Tumor ImmunologyTumor Immunology
evidence for immune reactivity against tumor
changes in cellular characteristics due to malignancy
tumor and host components which affect tumor progression
use of tumor antigens in diagnosis and immunotherapy
evidence for immune reactivity against tumor
changes in cellular characteristics due to malignancy
tumor and host components which affect tumor progression
use of tumor antigens in diagnosis and immunotherapy
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Evidence for immunosurveillanceEvidence for immunosurveillance
Infiltration of malignant tissue
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Association between immunodeficiency and cancer
Association between immunodeficiency and cancer
primary (inherited) immunodeficiency
lymphomas
Burkitt’s lymphoma malaria
secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
lymphoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma.
autoimmunity lymphoma
malignancycause of immuno-deficiency
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Tumors stimulate an immune response
Tumors stimulate an immune response
Animals can be immunized against tumors
Immunity is transferable from immune to naïve animals
Tumor specific antibodies and cell have been detected in humans with some malignancies
Animals can be immunized against tumors
Immunity is transferable from immune to naïve animals
Tumor specific antibodies and cell have been detected in humans with some malignancies
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Neo-antigens of immunologic significance on tumor cells
Neo-antigens of immunologic significance on tumor cells
Oncofetal/differentiation antigens Alpha-feto-protein (AFP) Cracino embryonic antigen (CEA) CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen)
Tumor-associated transplantation antigens Tumor specific transplantation antigen Virus associated shared antigens
Oncofetal/differentiation antigens Alpha-feto-protein (AFP) Cracino embryonic antigen (CEA) CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen)
Tumor-associated transplantation antigens Tumor specific transplantation antigen Virus associated shared antigens
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Alpha fetoprotein: clinical use
Alpha fetoprotein: clinical use
AFP increases in testicular and liver cancers
Aids in diagnosis and staging Patient management Detection of tumors
AFP increases in testicular and liver cancers
Aids in diagnosis and staging Patient management Detection of tumors
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Alpha fetoprotein: clinical useAlpha fetoprotein: clinical use
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Alpha fetoprotein: concentrationsAlpha fetoprotein: concentrations
Normal concentration: <20 ng/ml Abnormal concentrations
100-350 possible hepatoma 350-500 probable hepatoma 500-100 likely hepatoma >1000 HEPATOMA
Normal concentration: <20 ng/ml Abnormal concentrations
100-350 possible hepatoma 350-500 probable hepatoma 500-100 likely hepatoma >1000 HEPATOMA
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Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use
Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use
Adjunct in diagnosis
Staging and prognosis
Monitoring response to therapy Detection of tumor recurrence
Adjunct in diagnosis
Staging and prognosis
Monitoring response to therapy Detection of tumor recurrence
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Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use
Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use
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CEA as a diagnostic adjunct
Symptomatic patient Elevated value 5-10 times the
upper limit
Normal value <10ng/ml
CEA as a diagnostic adjunct
Symptomatic patient Elevated value 5-10 times the
upper limit
Normal value <10ng/ml
Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use
Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use
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Tumor associated transplantation antigens: shared Ag on virally induced tumors
Tumor associated transplantation antigens: shared Ag on virally induced tumors
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Tumor associated transplantation antigens: unique Ag on chemically induced tumors
Tumor associated transplantation antigens: unique Ag on chemically induced tumors
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Immunity against tumorImmunity against tumor
All components, specific and nonspecific, humoral and cellular
affect tumor progression and growth
All components, specific and nonspecific, humoral and cellular
affect tumor progression and growth
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Escape from immunosurveillanceEscape from immunosurveillance
Lack of Neo-antigens
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Escape from immunosurveillanceEscape from immunosurveillance
Lack of co-stimulatory
molecules
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Escape from immunosurveillanceEscape from immunosurveillance
Lack of class I MHC
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Escape from immunosurveillanceEscape from immunosurveillance
Tumors secrete
Immunosuppressive
molecules
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Escape from immunosurveillanceEscape from immunosurveillance
Tumors shed their
neo-antigens
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Use of tumor associated antigensUse of tumor associated antigens
Raise monoclonal antibodies Use antibodies for diagnosis Use antibodies for therapy
Stimulate the in vivo specific response Specific active treatment Specific passive treatment Adjuvant therapy to augment specific
immunity
Raise monoclonal antibodies Use antibodies for diagnosis Use antibodies for therapy
Stimulate the in vivo specific response Specific active treatment Specific passive treatment Adjuvant therapy to augment specific
immunity
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Use of tumor associated antigensmonoclonal antibodies
Use of tumor associated antigensmonoclonal antibodies
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Monoclonal antibodies:use as a diagnostic toolMonoclonal antibodies:use as a diagnostic tool
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Immunotherapy of tumorsImmunotherapy of tumors
non- specific BCG, Propionibacterium acne, levamisole, etc.
killed tumor cells, purified or recombinant Ag
specific
active immunotherapy
LAK cells, cytokinesnon-specific
antibodies alone or conjugated with other agent, activated T cellsspecific
passive immunotherapy
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Non-specific immunotherapyNon-specific immunotherapy
activate macrophages and NK cells
IFN-, IFN-, IFN-, IL-2, TNF-
cytokines
interferon productionpyran, poly I:C
synthetic molecules
activate macrophages and NK cells (via cytokines)
BCG, P. acnes, muramyl dipeptide
bacterial products
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increased expression of class-I MHC, possible anti tumor effect
remission of hairy cell leukemia, weak effect on carcinomas
IFN-, -
IFN-increased expression of class-I MHC, Tc and NK cell activation
remission of ovarian carcinoma
IL-2T cell proliferation and activation, NK cell activation
remission in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma
TNF-macrophage and lymphocyte activation
reduction in malignant ascites
Cytokine immunotherapyCytokine immunotherapy
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Genetic approaches to cancer treatment
Genetic approaches to cancer treatment
Transfection with genes Cytokines Class I MHC Co-stimulatory molecules
Transfection with genes Cytokines Class I MHC Co-stimulatory molecules
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