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Dermestid Beetle Control
• Do not accumulate woolens or articles made of animal
by-products unless they are extremely important to you.
• Do not keep or store woolens that are not used regularly.
• During non-use seasons, store woolen clothing in
tightly-sealed containers or "moth-proof" bags. In most cases the
inclusion of mothballs is advised.
• Since these beetles can develop in stored foods, be especially
watchful for infestations that start there…
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Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)
• Also known as Ladybird beetles.
• Adults are rounded, and range in size from tiny to ¼ inch
long. Color ranges from black to brightly colored.
• Larvae are active and elongate with long legs, and look like
tiny alligators.
• Adults very mobile; will leave to find pest.
• Feed on scales, eggs of larvae and other soft-bodied insects
and mites
• 5,000 aphids in a lifetime!
PresenterPresentation NotesPupae look very much like larvae, but
are immobile and most commonly attached to a leaf. Photos: Harmonia
axyridis, Multicolored asian ladybeetle, Top: adult. Bottom:
larva.
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Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)
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Left: Chilocorus kuwanae adult. (twice stabbed) Center:
Coccinella septempunctata adult.
Right: Coleomegilla maculata adult.(a.k.a pink spotted lady
beetle)
Left: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adult.Adult eating a aphid.
Center: Harmonia axyridis adult. (a.k.a Asian Lady Beetle)
Right: Hippodamia convergens adult.
Left: Pseudoscymnus tsugae adult.Center: Rodolia cardinalis
adult.
(vedalia beetle)Right: Stethorus punctum adult.
(a.k.a. spider mite destroyer)
Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/chilocorus.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/chilocorus.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/c7.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/c7.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/coleomeg.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/coleomeg.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/cryptolaemus_m.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/cryptolaemus_m.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/hippodamia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/hippodamia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/pseudoscymnus_tsugae.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/pseudoscymnus_tsugae.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/rodolia_cardinalis.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/rodolia_cardinalis.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/stethorus_p.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/stethorus_p.html
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Asian Lady Beetle
Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.html
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Order Diptera – “two wing”Oder Diptera: Flies, Mosquitoes,
Gnats, Midges
• One pair of wings. - second wing is haltere (gyroscope)
• Complete Metamorphosis.• Larvae have chewing mouthparts or
mouth hooks.• Adults with sucking mouthparts.• Greater economic
impact than any other insect group
- Pests and vectors of disease.• Beneficial
- pollinate flowering plants.- assist with decomposition of
organic matter.- biocontrol agents of insect pests.
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Flies
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Leaf miners
• Tunnel between the upper and lower leaf surface feeding on the
soft inner tissues.
• Tolerated by plants unless infestations precipitate high
levels of leaf damage.
• Cosmetic pest.
Chrysanthemum leaf miner
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Leaf miners - Lifecycle
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Leaf miner Damage
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Spotted Wing Drosophila
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Spotted Wing Drosophila - Lifecycle
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Spotted Wing Drosophila -Damage
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Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)
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• Large group of flies.• 1/4 to 3/4 inch long.• Most adults eat
pollen and nectar
(good pollinator).• Adults are black and yellow, often
hover around flowers, and look like bees (but do not sting).
• Larvae feed on aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs, scale insects,
and thrips.
PredatorSyrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)
http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366030.jpghttp://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366030.jpghttp://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366018.jpghttp://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366018.jpg
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• Good for slow moving, soft bodied insects.
• Early in the growing season.• Single individual can consume
up
to 400 aphids in a life time.
PredatorSyrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)
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Order Hymenoptera – “membrane wing”
Order HymenopteraWasps, Bees, Ants, Horntails, Sawflies
• Complete Metamorphosis.• Two pairs of membranous
wings.• Chewing mouthparts.• Important pollinators!•
Beneficial.• Social.
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• Social insects.
• Usually live underground.
• Some ants will eat soft bodied insects.
• Often times considered a nuisance in homes and/or a pest in
the garden.
Ants
Right: Red imported fire ants (Solenopsisinvicta) with
cerambycid larvae.
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Ants
Ants Harvesting Honeydew
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Ants vs. Termites
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Ants vs. Termites
Petiole
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Ants vs. Termites
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• Adults eat mainly caterpillars and feed their larvae beetles,
flies, true bugs, and other wasps.
• Adults switch to feed on sugar in late summer.
• Yellow and black markings.
• Some are more aggressive than others.
Hornets, paper wasps(Vespidae Polistes)
Solitary/Hunting Wasps Paper Wasps
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Parasitic Wasp of White FlyImportant parasite of the greenhouse
whitefly
Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)
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Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)
Gee Wiz Facts About Insects. How small can these tiny wasps
get?
139µm (micrometers)
1000 µm (microns) in 1 millimeter
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Dicopomorpha echmepterygis (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)Chalcid wasps
(Chalcidoidea)
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Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)
So how do these tiny wasps get around?
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Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
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Mining Bee (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
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Plasterer Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
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Leafcutter Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
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Leafcutter Bee Houses
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Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
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Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
PresenterPresentation NotesA bumblebee is any member of the bee
genus Bombus, in the family Apidae. There are over 250 known
species.
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Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
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Honey Bees Like to Dance!
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Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”
Waggle dance is a term used in beekeeping for a particular
figure-eight dance of the honey bee.
PresenterPresentation NotesBy performing this dance, successful
foragers can share with other members of the colony, information
about the direction and distance to patches of flowers yielding
nectar and pollen, to water sources, or to potential new housing
locations.
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Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”
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Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”
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World Crop Production
Of the 100 crops that provide 90 percent of the world's food,
over 70 are pollinated by bees. Honey bees account for a third of
the $3 trillion worth of agricultural produce sold each year!
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AcerolaAlfalfaAllspiceAlmondAlsike cloverAmerican
PawpawApple*Apricot*Arrowleaf cloverAtemoya, Cherimoya, Custard
appleAvocadoAzaroleBeetBlack currant, Red
currantBlackberryBlueberryBoysenberryBrazil nut
Broad beanBroccoliBrussels sproutsBucket
orchidBuckwheatCabbageCactus, Prickly pearCantaloupe,
MelonCarambola,
StarfruitCarawayCardamomCarrotCashewCauliflowerCeleryChestnutChilli
pepper, Red pepper,
Bell pepper, Green pepperChinese cabbage
Clover (not all species)CocoaCoconutCoffeaCola
nutCorianderCottonCowpea, Black-eyed pea,
Blackeye beanCranberryCrimson
cloverCrownvetchCucumberDurianEggplantElderberryFeijoaFennelFig
Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy or Grow Any of
These Foods?
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FlaxGrape*Guar bean, Goa beanGuavaHazelnutHog plumHyacinth
beanJack bean, Horse bean, Sword beanJujubeKariteKiwifruitLemonLima
bean, Kidney bean, Haricot bean, Adzuki bean, Mungo bean, String
bean, Green beanLimeLonganLoquatLupineLychee
MacadamiaMammee appleMangoMustardNaranjilloOil
palmOkraOnionPapayaPassion fruit. MaracujaPeach,
Nectarine*Pear*PersimmonPigeon pea, Cajan pea, Congo beanPlum,
Greengage, Mirabelle, SloePomegranateQuinceRambutan
Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy Any of These
Foods?
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RapeseedRaspberryRed cloverRose hips,
DogrosesRowanberrySafflowerSainfoinSapodillaScarlet runner
beanService TreeSesameSour cherrySoybeanSquash (plant), Pumpkin,
Gourd, Marrow, ZuchiniStanhopeaStar apple,
CainitoStrawberryStrawberry tree
SunflowerSweet Cherry*TamarindTangeloTangerineTomatoTung
treeTurnip, CanolaVanillaVetchWalnutWatermelonWhite clover
Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy Any of These
Foods?
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Bee – Economics 101 & Supply and Demand
“In the next 20 years the cost of Honey Bee pollinated foods
could double or triple as bees continue to DIE off.”
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What? Could It Be True, No More Honey Bees???
Population
In the last 20 years the domesticated honey bee population has
shrunk by 30-50% in the U.S.
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Pollinators in Decline: Honey Bees
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Colony Collapse Disorder
Viruses PesticidesNosema apis & ceranae parasitic
fungusParasitic MitesNutritionStress
PresenterPresentation NotesNosema apis (Zander) is a unicellular
parasite of the class Microsporidia, which are now classified as
fungi or fungi-related but is often referred to as a disease
“Nosema”
Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian, a small, unicellular
parasite that mainly affects Apis cerana, the Asiatic honey bee
Nosema spores are spread to other colony members through fecal
matter. The disease impairs the digestion of pollen, thereby
shortening the life of the bee.
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Varroa destructor – Single Biggest Issue
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The biggest killer? Mites & Parasitic Fungus
Varroa mites - These tiny parasites from Siberia have now spread
around the world. Attack both larvae and adult bees and reduce
bees’ resistance to viral infection.
Tracheal mites – Introduced in the early 1980s, attack the
respiratory system of adult bees causing them to choke and can wipe
out a colony in a day.
Nosema – A single celled fungal parasite that spread from the
Asian honeybee. The bees’ digestive track is destroyed inhibiting
the digestion of pollen causing the bees to starve to death. Nosema
also affects the Queen’s ability to lay eggs.
In a recent study at Oregon State University of 247 samples from
across the state, 137 (55%) of those samples had the Nosema
parasite present and 234 (94%) had Varroa mites present.
Nosema Infection
Tracheal mites
Varroa mite
PresenterPresentation NotesNosema spores are spread to other
colony members through fecal matter. The disease impairs the
digestion of pollen, thereby shortening the life of the bee. If the
queen becomes infected her ovaries degenerate and her egg laying
capacity is reduced.
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Using pesticides on plants kills insects - the bad insects as
well as the good insects.
When the honey bee collects pollen or nectar, they may become
contaminated with the pesticide which could be carried back to the
hive; thus potentially killing nest mates.
Neonicotinds (a class of chemical found in recently developed
pesticides) have already been outlawed in France since it damages
the bees’ ability to navigate.
Pesticides
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Why are Native Bees in Decline?
Competition with introduced species (about 28 new species in
North America)Climate ChangeHabitat Loss and Lack of Nutrition
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Reduced Forage
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Intensive Agriculture i.e. Stress
Bee keepers and farmers often move hives to different locations
(even different states).
Scientists theorize that this excessive moving resulting in
rapid seasonal change and colony stress may confuse the honey bees
and make them susceptible to diseases.
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Intensive Agriculture
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Honey Bees Continue to Die Off…
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Are We Going to Pollinate Our Own Crops?
The Question To Ask Undoubtedly Is…
Would You?
PresenterPresentation NotesThis is already happening in parts of
China to pollinate pear trees in areas where the insects are
extinct.
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Questions?
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Dale WhaleyAssistant Professor - Regional Extension
Specialist
203 S. Rainier St., PO Box 550Waterville, WA
98858-0550509-745-8531 [email protected] www.ncw.wsu.edu
Helping You Put Knowledge to Work!
Dermestid Beetle Control�Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)Lady
beetles (Coccinellidae)Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)Lady beetles
(Coccinellidae)Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Leaf miners Leaf miners
- LifecycleLeaf miner DamageSpotted Wing Drosophila�Spotted Wing
Drosophila - LifecycleSpotted Wing Drosophila -Damage�Syrphid
flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)Syrphid flies, flower
flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover
flies (Syrphidae)Slide Number 17Ants�Ants�Ants vs. Termites�Ants
vs. Termites�Ants vs. Termites�Hornets, paper wasps�(Vespidae
Polistes) Parasitic Wasp of White Fly� Important parasite of the
greenhouse whiteflySlide Number 25Dicopomorpha echmepterygis
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)Slide Number 27Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera:
Halictidae)Mining Bee (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) Plasterer Bees
(Hymenoptera: Colletidae)Leafcutter Bee (Hymenoptera:
Megachilidae)Slide Number 32Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera:
Apidae)Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)Honey Bee (Hymenoptera:
Apidae)Honey Bees Like to Dance!Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”Honey Bee
“Waggle Dance”Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”World Crop ProductionSlide
Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Bee – Economics 101 &
Supply and DemandWhat? Could It Be True, No More Honey
Bees???Pollinators in Decline: Honey BeesColony Collapse
DisorderVarroa destructor – Single Biggest IssueThe biggest killer?
Mites & Parasitic FungusSlide Number 50Why are Native Bees in
Decline?Reduced ForageIntensive Agriculture i.e. StressIntensive
AgricultureHoney Bees Continue to Die Off…Are We Going to Pollinate
Our Own Crops? Questions?Helping You Put Knowledge to Work!