Dermatology Pearls for the Primary Care Practitioner‐ Part 2 Lindy P. Fox, MD Professor of Clinical Dermatology Director, Hospital Consultation Service Department of Dermatology University of California, San Francisco [email protected]I have no conflicts of interest to disclose I may be discussing off-label use of medications 1 Outline • Chronic urticaria • Onychomycosis • The red leg • Grovers disease • Pearls to know 2 Chronic Urticaria 3 • 36 yoF complains of 2 mo of urticaria • Lesions last < 24 hours, itchy • Failed loratadine 10 mg daily
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Dermatology Pearls for the Primary Care Practitioner‐ Part 2
Lindy P. Fox, MD
Professor of Clinical DermatologyDirector, Hospital Consultation Service
Department of DermatologyUniversity of California, San Francisco
• Sudden eruption of papules, papulovesicles; often crusted
• Mid chest and back• Itchy• Middle aged to older men • Etiology unknown‐ heat, sweating • Risk factors: hospitalized, febrile, sun damage• Transient• Treatment: topical steroids (triamcinolone 0.1% cream); get patient to move around
Pearls to know
Pustular Psoriasis• Pustular and erythrodermic variants of psoriasis
• Can be life‐threatening• Most common in patients who carry a diagnosis
of psoriasis who have been given systemic steroids and then tapered
• High cardiac output state with risk of high output failure
• Electrolyte imbalance (Ca2+), respiratory distress, temperature dysregulation
• Best treated with hospitalization and cyclosporine or acitretin
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Lotrisone
• Combination of betamethasone plus clotrimazole– Weak antifungal + superpotent steroid
• Inadequate to kill fungus and may cause complications (striae, fungal folliculitis)
• Dermatologists rarely use it• Rarely indicated
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Tinea Incognito
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Case• 67M underwent an elective saphenous vein
phlebectomy for asymptomatic varicosities
• 4d post op, he develops erythema around the wound.
• Ulceration continues to expand despite multiple debridements and broad spectrum antibiotics.
• Wound cultures are negative
• 3 weeks later, he is transferred to UCSF and a dermatology consultation is called
• Tmax 104, WBC 22
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
• Rapidly progressive (days) ulcerative process
• Begins as a small pustule which breaks down forming an ulcer
• Undermined violaceous border
• Expands by small peripheral satellite ulcerations which merge with the central larger ulcer
• Occur anywhere on body
• Triggered by trauma (pathergy) (surgical debridement, attempts to graft)
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
• 50% have no underlying cause
• Associations (50%): – Inflammatory bowel
disease (1.5%-5% of IBD patients get PG)
– Rheumatoid arthritis
– Seronegative arthritis
– Hematologic abnormalities (AML)
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
• Workup– Skin biopsy for H&E and culture
– Rheumatoid factor
– SPEP/UPEP
– ANCA (ulcers of Granulomatosis with Polynagiitis can mimic PG)
– Colonscopy (r/o IBD)
– Peripheral smear, Bone marrow biopsy (r/o AML)
Pyoderma GangrenosumTreatment
• AVOID DEBRIDEMENT
• Refer to dermatology
• Treatment of underlying disease may not help PG– Topical therapy:
• Superpotent steroids
• Topical tacrolimus
– Systemic therapy: • Systemic steroids
• Cyclosporine or Tacrolimus
• Cellcept
• Thalidomide
• TNF-blockers (Remicade)
A few simple rules to live by:
• Nummular dermatitis- requires 18 mo treatment
• Alopecia- nonscarring (eval, treat) vs scarring (refer)
• Spironolactone for acne in adult women
• Limit duration of oral antibiotics for acne to < 6mo
• Almost all acne patients benefit from topical retinoids
• Chronic urticaria- antihistamines at 4x standard dose