Deployment of Broad Band WMAN using Wi-max Standards Dr. (Mrs.)Nupur Prakash Professor, School of Information Technology GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi,

Deployment of Broad Band WMAN using Wi-max

Standards

Dr. (Mrs.)Nupur PrakashProfessor, School of Information Technology

GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi, INDIA

Wireless Networks

FacilitateFreedom from wiresAll pervasive computingAccess to network resources anywhere

anytimeHigher productivity and connectivity

Mobile Network Architecture & Standards

Wireless Networks WPAN WLAN WMAN

Standardization IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.16

WMAN

WLAN

WPAN

Features of Wireless Networks

WPAN WLAN WMAN

Protocol 802.15 802.11 802.16

Standards Bluetooth, IrDA, UWD

Wi-fi Wi-Max

Frequency Range

2.4 to 2.483 Ghz

5.15 to 5.35Ghz

10 Ghz to 66 Ghz

Speed .1- 4 Mbps 1-54 Mbps 2-70 Mbps

Cell radius 1-10 ms 1-500 ms 1km-50km

Modulation FHSS OFDM, DSSS QPSK

WiMax Technology

WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for microwave access) A technology based on an evolving standard for

point-to-multipoint wireless networking Medium range wireless data communication

standard (IEEE 802.16) Solution for Wireless Metropolitan Area Network

(WMAN) BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) Solution

What is WiMax? Operates on

frequencies between 10-66GHz

1 to 10 mile range (10 miles assuming rural areas with little blockages).

70MB/second transfer rate

Image copyright Intel (2004)

Broadband Fixed wireless access architecture

Supports P-MP configuration Hub uses broad coverage antenna mounted on

towers or tall building and transmits to a group of subscribers

Subscriber uses highly directional antenna pointed towards the hub

Broadband wireless access system architecture using WiMAX Standards

WiMax ForumWiMax was Founded in Jan 03’No Profit organization comprised of

wireless access system manufacturers component suppliers software developers and carriers.

Promotes conformance, compliance and interoperability

WiMax Forum certified product

WiMAX ForumInitial Founding Members (2003)

WiMAX Members *

Fujitsu OFDM ForumHughes Network Systems France TelecomIntel Tata Teleservices PCCW

AlcatelReliance Infocom AtherosChina Motion Telecom British TelecomAlvarion QwestProxim Aperto NetworksSiemens ZTE

* Partial List

WiMAX Standard for WMANThe IEEE 802.16 standard

defines a powerful OFDM and NLOS technology for wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN)

provides broadband wireless connectivity to Fixed, Portable and Nomadic users.

can be used to backhaul LANs to the Internet

provides inter-campus connectivity and a wireless alternative to cable, DSL, T1’s or even fiber or cable

WiMax Features

provides up to 50-kilometers of service area range

allows users to get broadband connectivity without needing direct LOS with the base station

single base station simultaneously supports

hundreds of businesses with T1/E1-type connectivity

thousands of homes with DSL-type connectivity

Benefits of Broadband Wireless Access Very cost effective to deploy to rural

communities and businesses, where terrain or situation do not allow traditional cabling or satellite connectivity

Resolve traditional “Last Mile” customers reach issues and enhance broadband services to rural, low density communities. broadband in-fill for DSL black-spots adding capacity to mobile & line networks

Broadband and Internet access in underserved, developing communities.

IEEE 802.16 Versions

802.16a uses the licensed and license-exempt frequencies from 2 to

11Ghz Supports Mesh-Network

802.16b Increases spectrum to 5 and 6GHz Provide QoS (for real-time voice and video service)

802.16c Represents a 10 to 66GHz system profile

802.16d Improvement and fixes for 802.16a

802.16e Addresses on Mobile Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communications

with users moving at vehicular speeds

The family of 802.16 standard

Deployment of Wi-MaxWi-Max deployment is planned in three phases.

Phase one: Hubs with outdoor antennas that target known subscribers in a fixed location leading to quick inexpensive solution without laying cable.

Phase two: will roll out indoor antennas making

installation simpler at user sites leading to simple, low cost installation of fixed wireless access.

Phase three: will launch IEEE 802.16e Wi-Max certified

hardware available in portable solutions supporting roaming of users within a service area. WiMax compatible PDAs and laptops are expected to be launched by 2007

Image copyright Intel (2004)

Image copyright Intel (2004)

Image copyright Intel (2004)

Infrastructure required for WMAN using Wi-Max

Base StationsSubscriber’s Module

Send/Receive Antenna Receiver/Transmitter Router connected to Server via cable or 802.11

hot-spot

The backhaul unit

Wireless Broadband Communities

WiMax Protocol stack

MAC Convergence Sublayer

(ATM, Ethernet. 802.1Q, IP)

MAC

MAC Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer

ATMEthernet, 802.1QInternet Protocol

Packing,FragmentationARQ, QoSAuthentication,Key ExchangePrivacy(encryption)

OFDM, RangingPower Control,DFS, Tx, Rx

Physical Layer Point-to-multipoint architecture, BS transmits a TDM signal, with individual

subscriber stations allocated time slots serially. burst single-carrier modulation (OFDM) with

adaptive burst profiling transmission parameters, including the modulation and coding schemes, adjusted individually to each subscriber station (SS) on a frame-by-frame basis.

Channel bandwidths of 20 or 25 MHz (typical U.S. allocation) or 28 MHz (typical European allocation) are specified

Frame Structure and PDU

Each MAC packet consists of the three components, A MAC header, which contains frame control

information. A variable length frame body, which contains

information specific to the frame type. A frame check sequence (FCS), which contains

an IEEE 32-bit cyclic redundancy code (CRC).

Security Mechanism

The IEEE 802.16 protocol supports security mechanism for terminal authentication and privacy. Each connection is mapped to a Security Association (SA) that specifies

the encryption algorithm to be used the data authentication algorithm to be

used andthe algorithm for exchanging the data

encryption keys.

Security Implementation

Authentication is based on the use of PKI technology-based X.509 digital certificates.

Each Subscriber Station (SS) contains both a manufacturer-issued factory-installed X.509 digital certificate and the certificate of the manufacturer.

Privacy Sublayer uses privacy protocol that is based on the privacy key exchange management (PKM) protocol

PKM protocol uses X.509 digital certificates with RSA public key encryption for SS authentication and authorization key exchange.

Wireless Roaming

The 802.16e task group is working on developing a specification to enable 802.16 mobile clients

PDAs using embedded chips or laptops using 802.16e enabled cards

These clients will be able to handoff between 802.16 base stations, enabling users to roam between service areas.

Hand-off Procedure

Roaming and hand offs between heterogeneous 802 networks is being studied

‘Hand off’ procedures would allow mobile devices to switch the connection

from one base station to another from one 802 network type to another

(such as from 802.11 to 802.16) from wired 802.x to 802.16, connections.

Seam less Roaming

As the mobile client (a notebook or a PDA user) moves within WMAN it remains connected via Ethernet or 802.11 when docked and stays connected with 802.16 when roaming the city or suburbs

The goal is to standardize handoffs between heterogeneous networks and support seam less roaming. The mobile devices thus become interoperable as they move from one network type to another.

Broadband Wireless Access

802.16e

Expected players

Backed by 140 companies in the WiMax Forum (www.wimaxforum.org)

Intel is producing chips and currently managing 50 test sites around the country

Covad (currently a big DSL provider) is considering using WiMax for last mile connections.

Adoption of Broadband Wireless at Ahmedabad Rural District, INDIA

Multistoried Bldg.

Civil Hospital

District Inds. Center

Superintendent Of PoliceOffice

High Court

Ahd.Diet

Dist. Court

Krushi Bhavan

Jal Bhavan

Sales Tax

Karai

Blk.12

Circuit House

CP Office

Collector

RTO Jail

GMDC

Gujarat StateGujarat StateGovt BB Wireless Govt BB Wireless WAN ProjectWAN Project

WiMAX’s Path to future Broadband Mobility

T I M E

Satellite Network

Telephone Network

Internet

IP Based Access Network

Wi-FiBase Station

802.16-2004 Backhaul

Pedestrian Speeds, 11Mbps,Lightweight, Limited Coverage

802.16-2004Base Station

80

2.1

6-2

00

4 B

ack

ha

ul

Vehicular Speeds, 20 Mbps, PowerSource, Heavy, Limited Coverage,Specialized Applications

802.16d/eBase Station

802.16-2004 Backhaul

Vehicular Speeds, 20 Mbps, Lightweight, Full Coverage

Thank You