DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS SYLLABUS FROM 2011 … · PHYSICS SYLLABUS FROM ... experiment for determination of surface tension of liquid- Variation of surface ... Melde’s experiment

DEPARTMENT OF

PHYSICS

SYLLABUS FROM

2011 ONWARDS

K.N.Govt. Arts College (W) (Autonomous), Thanjavur-613007.

Course Structure for the Year 2011 onwards

Department of Physics

Sem

este

r

Pa

rt

Subject code Course

Inst

.Hrs

Cre

dit

Exam

Hou

rs

Int.

Ext.

Tota

l

I

I 11K1T1 Language Course-I (Tamil I) 6 3 3 25 75 100

II 11K1E1 English Language Course -I

( English I) 6 3 3 25 75 100

III 11K1P01 Core Course - I (Properties of

Matter and Sound ) 5 4 3 25 75 100

III Core Course - II

( Physics Practical I ) 3 - - - - -

III 11K1CH/PAM1 Allied Course - I ( First Allied

Mathematics I ) 5 4 3 25 75 100

III Allied Course - II (First Allied

Mathematics II) 3 - - - - -

IV 11K1ES Environmental Studies 2 2 3 25 75 100

Total 30 16 125 375 500

II

I 11K2T2 Language Course -II

( Tamil II) 6 3 3 25 75 100

II 11K2E2 English Language Course - II

(English II) 6 3 3 25 75 100

III 11K2P02P Core Course - II

( Physics Practical I ) (3)+3 4 3 40 60 100

III 11K2P03 Core Course - III (Mechanics and

Relativity ) 4 4 3 25 75 100

III 11K2CH/PAM2 Allied Course - II ( First Allied

Mathematics II ) (3)+3 3 3 25 75 100

III 11K2CH/PAM3 Allied Course - III (First Allied

Mathematics III) 4 3 3 25 75 100

IV 11K2PELO1 Non-Major Elective - I (Laser

Physics) 2 2 3 25 75 100

IV 11K2VE Value Education 2 2 3 25 75 100

Total 30 24 215 585 800

III

I 11K3T3 Language Course - III (Tamil III) 6 3 3 25 75 100

II 11K3E3 English Language Course - III

(English III) 6 3 3 25 75 100

III 11K3P04 Core Course - IV (Thermal and

Statistical Physics ) 4 4 3 25 75 100

III Core Course - V

( Physics Practical II ) 2 - - - - -

III 11K3B/P/ZACH1 Allied Course - I

( Second Allied Chemistry I ) 5 4 3 25 75 100

III Allied Course - II (Second Allied

Chemistry Prac.) 3 - - - - -

IV 11K3SBEC1 Skill Based Elective -I (Soft

Skills) 4 4 3 25 75 100

Total 30 18 125 375 500

IV

I 11K4T4 Language Course - IV (Tamil IV) 6 3 3 25 75 100

II 11K4E4 English Language Course -IV

( English IV) 6 3 3 25 75 100

III 11K4P05P Core Course - V

( Physics Practical II ) (2)+3 4 3 40 60 100

III 11K4P06 Core Course - VI (Electricity and

Magnetism ) 4 4 3 25 75 100

III 11K4B/P/ZACH2P Allied Course - II

( Second Allied Chemistry Prac.) (3)+3 3 3 40 60 100

III 11K4B/P/ZACH3 Allied Course - III (Second Allied

Chemistry II) 4 3 3 25 75 100

IV 11K4SBEC2

Skill Based Elective - II

(Communication and Personality

Development)

4 4 3 25 75 100

V 11K4EA Extension Activites - 1 -

Total 30 25 205 495 700

V

III 11K5P07 Core Course - VII (Optics and

Laser Physics) 5 5 3 25 75 100

III 11K5P08 Core Course - VIII (Wave

Mechanics and Nuclear Physics) 4 4 3 25 75 100

III 11K5P09 Core Course - IX (Analog

Electronics) 4 4 3 25 75 100

III Core Course - X (Physics

Practical III) 3 - - - - -

III Core Course - XI (Physics

Practical IV) 3 - - - - -

III 11K5PELP1

Major Based Elective - I

(Numerical Methods and

Statistics)

5 5 3 25 75 100

IV 11K5PELO2 Non-Major Elective - II (Solar

Energy) 2 2 3 25 75 100

IV 11K5SBEC3 Skill Based Elective - III (Fish

Culture) 4 4 3 25 75 100

Total 30 24 150 450 600

VI

III 11K6P10P Core Course - X (Physics

Practical III) (3)+3 6 3 40 60 100

III 11K6P11P Core Course - XI (Physics

Practical IV) (3)+3 6 3 40 60 100

III 11K6P12 Core Course - XII (Programming

in C) 7 6 3 25 75 100

III 11K6P13 Core Course - XIII (Digital

Electronics and Microprocessor) 7 6 3 25 75 100

III 11K6PELP2 Major Based Elective - II (Atomic

and Solid state Physics) 5 4 3 25 75 100

III 11K6PELP3 Major Based Elective - III

(Renewable Energy) 4 4 3 25 75 100

V 11K6GS Gender Studies 1 1 3 25 75 100

Total 30 33 205 495 700

Grand Total 3800

Core Course- I

Properties of Matter Sound

Unit –I : Elasticity

Different moduli of elasticity- Work done in Strain- Relation between elastic

constants- Poisson’s ratio- Expression for ratio in terms of elastic constants- Torsion-

Torsion of a Cylindrical Wire- Expression for Torque per unit Twist- Work done in

twisting wire- torsion oscillations of a body- rigidity modulus of a wire by Torsional

Pendulum- Moment of inertia of the disc.

Unit – II : Bending of Beams

Expression for bending moment- Cantilever – Expression for depression-

experiment to find Young’s modulus using Mirror and Telescope – Oscillations of a

cantilever – Uniform bending of a beam – Expression for elevation – Experiment to find

Young’s modulus using pin and microscope – Non uniform bending – Expression for

depression – Experiment to find Young’s modulus using pin and microscope – Koenig’s

method to find the Young’s modulus of a beam by uniform bending – I form of Girders.

Unit-III : Viscosity

Coefficient of viscosity and its dimension – Stream lined motion and turbulent

motion – Poiseuille’s formula for the flow of liquid through a capillary tube – corrections

to Poiseuille’s formula – Experiment to determine the coefficient of viscosity of liquid –

viscosity of a highly viscous liquids – viscosity of air - Mayer’s formula – Rankines

method.

Unit – IV: Surface Tension

Definition and dimensions of surface tension – Explanation of surface tension on

kinetic theory – surface energy – Angle of contact – Excess pressure inside a curved

liquid surface- Excess pressure inside a liquid drop and a soap bubble- Jaegar’s

experiment for determination of surface tension of liquid- Variation of surface tension

with temperature- Quincke’s method to determine the surface tension of mercury and

angle of contact.

Unit – V : Sound

Laws of transverse vibrations in strings – Experimental verifications of laws of

transverse vibration by sonometer – Melde’s experiment to find the frequency – Music

and noise – Characteristics of musical sound – Intensity of sound – Decibel – Phon –

Production and detection of Ultrasonic sound waves – Application of ultrasonic sound

waves.

Acoustics of Building- Reverberation ( no derivation- Basic ideas only) –

Requisites for good acoustics.

Book for Studies and Reference:

1) Properties of matter - R. Murugeshan

2) Properties of matter - A. Sundravelusamy

3) A Text book of Sound – N. Subrahamanyan and Brijlal

Core Course- II

Practical – I

1. Non- Uniform bending- Pin and Microscope

2. Uniform bending- Pin and Microscope

3. Static Torsion – Rigidity Modulus.

4. Torsional Pendulum- n and I

5. Surface Tension and Interfacial Surface Tension of liquid by drop weight method

6. Compound Pendulum – g and k

7. Sonometer – Verification of Two Laws.

8. Cantilever Depression – Scale and Telescope

9. Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Newton’s law of Cooling

10. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc

11. Long focus Convex Lens- f

12. Concave Lens – f

13. Co efficient of Viscosity- Graduated Burette Method

14. Spectrometer – A, D &

15. Stoke’s Method- Viscosity

Core Course – III Mechanics and Relativity

Unit – I : Projectile and Impact of Elastic Bodies

Projectile - Path and range of the projectile- Impulse of a force- Laws of

impact- Impact of a smooth sphere on a smooth fixed horizontal plane- Direct and

Oblique impacts between two smooth spheres – Loss of Kinetic energy due to direct and

oblique impacts

Unit – II : Statics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics

Centre of Gravity of a body- Centre of gravity of a solid hemisphere and solid

cone.

Atmospheric pressure- variation of atmospheric pressure with attitude- height of

homogeneous atmosphere.

Bernoulli’s theorem – Application of Bernoulli’s theorem to Liquids

1. Toricelli’s Theorem 2) Venturimeter

Unit – III : Dynamics and Friction

Moment of Inertia and radiation of gyration( Definition only) – Dimensions and

unit of moment of inertia- Analogous parameters in Translational and Rotational motion-

Kinetic energy of a body rotating about an axis through its center of mass – The

compound pendulum.

Forces of friction – Laws of friction – angle of friction, Resultant reaction and

cone of friction – Equilibrium of a body on a rough plan inclined to the horizontal – The

friction clutch.

Unit – IV: Gravitation and Seismology

Basic forces of nature – Newton’s law of Gravitation – Density of the earth- Mass

of the earth and sun – Velocity of escape from the earth – velocity of escape from the

solar system- variation of g with latitude, altitude and depth.

Earth quakes- Seismic waves- Determination of epicenter and the focus- Modern

applications of Seismology

Unit – V: Relativity

Postulates of Special theory of Relativity – The Lorentz transformation equations-

Results from Lorentz transformation equations (i) length contraction (ii) Time dilation

(iii) Relativity of simultaneity (iv) Addition of velocities

Variation of mass with velocity- mass energy equivalence with one example-

Relationship between total energy, rest energy and momentum- Zero rest mass.

Books for Reference :

1. Dynamics – M. Narayanamurthi, N. Nagarathnam

2. Statics,Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics- M. Narayanamurthi, N. Nagarathnam

3. Mechanics- D.S. Mathur Reprint 2007- S.Chand and Company Ltd.,

4. Properties of Matter- R.Murugesan

5. Elements of Properties of Matter – D.S.Mathur

6. Modern Physics- R.Murugesan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath- 14th

Revised multicolour

edition 2008.

CORE COURSE - IV

THERMAL and STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Unit - I : Heat and Transmission

Definition of Specific heat - Heat capacity- Specific heat of a gas – Joly’s

Differential Steam Calorimeter and Regnault’s Method- Dulong and Petits law.

Transmission of Heat

Conduction: Definition – Rectilinear flow of heat along a Bar by Fourier Equation

of heat flow- Forbe’s method- Thermal Conductivity of poor conductors : Lee’s

Disc Method- Wiedmann- Franz Law.

Convection: Definition- Applications of Convection- Central heating system-

Thermos Flask.

Unit- II: Radiation

Thermal Radiation- Applications of Heat Radiation- Black Body Radiation-

Emissive Power and Absorptive power- Kirchhoff’s Law-Stefan- Boltzmann Law-

Distribution of energy in Black Body Spectrum- Wien’s Displacement Law-

Rayleigh Jeans Law-Derivation of Stefan’s Law- Derivation of Newton’s law of

Cooling from Stefan’s Law- Determination of Stefan’s Constant.

Unit- III: Liquefaction of Gases

Change of State- Continuity of State- Andrew’s experiment on Carbon-di-

oxide- Derivation of Van der Waals equation- Critical Constants : Definition and

Experimental determination- Joule-Thomson Porous Plug Experiment –

Liquefaction of Hydrogen- Helium- Helium I and II.

Unit- IV: Thermodynamics

Statements of Zeroth and First law of Thermodynamics- Isothermal and

Adiabatic Process – Work done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes-

Reversible and Irreversible Processes- Second law of Thermodynamics-Carnot’s

Ideal Heat Engine- Carnot’s Cycle- Carnot’s theorem- Entropy: Change of

Entropy in Reversible and Irreversible processes- Temperature- Entropy diagram-

Third law of Thermodynamics.

Unit –V: Statistical Mechanics

Macroscopic and Microscopic descriptions-Definition of Statistical system-

Ensembles (definitions only)- Fundamental postulates of statistical mechanics-

Statistical equilibrium- Quantum Statistics- Phase space-Maxwell-Boltzmann

Statistics- Bose-Einstein Statistics-Fermi Dirac Statistics. Books for Study:

1) Heat and Thermodynamics – J. B. Rajam and C. L . Arora

2) Heat and Thermodynamics - Brijlal and Subrahmanyam

3) A text Book of Heat - M. Narayanamoorthy and K. Ramamoorthy.

4) Statistical Mechanics -Agarwal Eisner.

Book for Reference: 1) Heat and Thermodynamics - Zemansky

2) Statistical Mechanics -E. S. R. Gobal.

CORE COURSE - V

OPTICS AND LASER PHYSICS

UNIT – I : GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Refraction through lens – Sign convention – Cardinal points and Planes – Principal foci and Focal Planes – Principal points and Principal Planes – Nodal Points and Nodal Planes.Defects of images – Spherical aberration – Methods of Minimization – Coma – Astigmatism – Curvature of field – Distortion – Chromatic aberration – Achromatic combination of lenses – Lenses in contact – Lenses separated by a distance ‘‘ d ’’ apart. UNIT – II : INTERFERENCE Interference of light – Coherent sources – Theory of interference by reflected light – Newton’s rings in the reflected system – Applications: Determination of wave length and Refractive index of a liquid – Fringes produced by a wedge shaped thin film – Interferometer – Michelson’s interferometer – Applications: Determination of wave length and Difference in wavelength between two neighbouring spectral lines. UNIT – III : DIFFRACTION Fresnel and Fraunhofer types of diffraction – Rectilinear propagation of light – Diffraction at a straight edge – Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit – Double slit – Plane transmission grating – Theory – Oblique incidence - Dispersive power of a grating – Resolving power of a prism and grating – Comparison of prism and grating spectra. UNIT – IV : POLARIZATION Double refraction – Huygens explanation of double refraction in uniaxial crystals – Nicol prism as polariser and analyzer – Quarter and Half wave plate – Production and Detection of plane, elliptically and circularly polarised light – Optical activity – Specific rotation – Laurent’s half shade Polarimeter.

UNIT - V: LASER LASER – Characteristics - Energy levels - Spontaneous emission -

Stimulated emission – Einstein’s Co-efficient - Population Inversion - Active medium – Pumping - Optical resonator - Meta Stable State – Levels of Laser - Types of LASER - Helium-Neon LASER - CO2 LASER – Semiconductor LASER - Application - Hologram. Books for study:

1. A Text Book of Optics – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam 2. An Introduction to LASERS

Theory and Applications – M. N. Avadhanulu 3. Engineering physics – G.Vijayakumari.

CORE COURSE - VI

Physics Practical II (Any 12)

1. Junction Diode Characteristics

2. Zener Diode Characteristics

3. Meter Bridge – Resistance and Specific Resistance of the given coil.

4. Carey foster’s Bridge – Specific Resistance of the given coil

5. Potentiometer – Ammeter Calibration

6. Potentiometer – Low range Voltmeter

7. Spectrometer – Refractive index of the liquid Prism

8. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of a material of Prism

9. Spectrometer – Grating – Normal incidence method – Wavelength Determination

10. Newton’s Rings – Radius of curvature of a Convex Lens

11. Joule’s Calorimeter – Specific heat capacity of liquid

12. Emissive power of a surface – Spherical Calorimeter

13. Post office Box – Temperature Co-efficient of the given coil of wire.

14. Figure of Merit of B.G / Spot Galvanometer

15. Study of waveforms using C.R.O

CORE COURSE - VII

Electricity and Magnetism

Unit- I: Electrostatics

Gauss Theorem- application – Elastic intensity at a point due to charged sphere

and charged cylinder- Columb’s theorem- Mechanical force experienced by unit area of

charged surface – Energy stored per unit volume in an electric field- Capacity of a

conductor-Capacitance of a cylindrical condenser- Energy of a condenser- Loss of energy

on sharing of charges between two conductors- condensers connected in series and

parallel

Unit – II: Magnetic Properties of Materials

Properties of Dia, Para and Ferro magnetic materials – Cycle of Magnetization –

Hysterisis- Rententivity and Coercivity – B-H Curves for a magnetic material –

Magnetometer method – Loss of energy per cycle ( Hysterisis loss) – Area of B-H loop –

difference in the magnetic property of Iron and Steel.

Unit – III: Current Electricity

Ampere’s Circuital Law- Biot-Savart Law-Field along the axis of a circular coil

and solenoid – Force on a conductor in a magnetic field- Theory of Ballistic

galvanometer- Figure of merit – Damping correction- Kirchhoff’s laws – Wheat stone’s

network- conditions for balance- Carey Foster’s Bridge- Potentiometer- Measurement of

Current and Resistance.

Unit – IV: DC and AC Circuits

Growth and decay of current in a circuit containing L and R with steady EMF-

Charging and discharging of a condenser through R – Charging of a condenser through L

and R - Determination of high resistance by leakage – Series and Parallel resonance

circuits – Q factor – Sharpness of resonance.

Unit – V: Electromagnetic Induction

Laws of Electromagnetic Induction – Expression for induced EMF – Expression

for self inductance of a solenoid – Rayleigh’s method of finding self inductance of a coil-

Mutual induction – co efficient of coupling- Determination of mutual inductance (BG)

between a pair of coils.

Books for study and Reference:

1. Electricity and Magnetism – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam- Ratan Prkashan Mandir-

Delhi

2. Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism – D.N.Vasudeva- S.Chand & Sons-

New Delhi

3. Electricity and Magnetism – R.Murugeshan- S. Chand & Co.,

4. Electricity and Magnetism – K. L. Chopra and N. K. Sehgal- S.Chand & Sons-

New Delhi

CORE COURSE - VIII

WAVE MECHANICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS UNIT – I : DUAL NATURE OF MATTER De Broglie’s concept of matter waves – The De Broglie wave length – Wave velocity and Group velocity for De Broglie waves – Experimental study of matter waves – Davisson and Germer experiment – G.P.Thomson’s experiment for verifying De Broglie relation – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. UNIT – II : SCHRODINGER’S WAVE EQUATIONS Basic postulates of wave mechanics – Development of Schrodinger’s wave equation – Time independent and dependent form – Properties of wave function – Orthogonal and Normalized wave function – Eigen function and Eigen values – Applications of Schrodinger’s equation: Particle in a box and Linear harmonic oscillator. UNIT – III : THE NUCLEUS, DETECTORS AND ACCELERATORS Nuclear size – Nuclear mass – Nuclear charge - Binding energy – Packing factor – Liquid drop model – Shell model. Introduction – Ionization chamber – Geiger Muller counter – Wilson cloud chamber – Bubble chamber – The Linear Accelerator – The Cyclotron – The Betatron. UNIT – IV : RADIOACTIVITY Natural Radioactivity – Alpha, Beta, and Gamma rays – Alpha particle spectra – Theory of Alpha decay – Beta ray spectra – The neutrino theory of Beta decay – Nuclear Isomerism – Internal conversion – Soddy Fajan’s displacement law – Laws of radioactive disintegration – Half life period and Mean life – The Age of Earth – Biological effects of nuclear radiations. UNIT – V : NUCLEAR FISSION, FUSION AND RADIATION HAZARDS Nuclear fission – Energy released in fission – Chain reaction – Atom Bomb – Nuclear Reactors – Nuclear fusion – Source of stellar energy – Thermonuclear reactions – Hydrogen Bomb. Radiation Hazards – Radiation safety level – Protection method – Nuclear disasters – Nuclear waste disposal. Books for study:

1. Modern Physics - R.Murugeshan

2. Modern Physics - J.B.Rajam

Core Course - IX

Analog Electronics

Unit 1 Semiconductor & Rectifiers Semiconductor – Energy band Description of semiconductor – intrinsic and

Extrinsic Semiconductor –PN junction Diode-Volt Ampere characteristics of PN junction

Diode – Zener Diode

Half wave Rectifier – Efficiency of Half Wave Rectifier- Full Wave Rectifier –

Efficiency of full wave rectifier – Ripple factor

Unit II Transistors Transistor – Transistor action – Characteristics of common Base Connection –

Characteristics of Common Emitter Connection – Transistor as an Amplifier in CE

Arrangement – Transistor Biasing – Base Resistor Method – Voltage Divider bias

Method

Unit III Amplifiers and Oscillators Single stage Transistor Amplifiers – D.C and A.C Equivalent circuits – Multi

Stage Transistor Amplifiers – Important terms – RC Coupled Transistor Amplifier-

Feedback Principles of Negative Feedback in Amplifiers - Gain of Negative Feedback

Amplifiers – Oscillators – Hartley Oscillators – Phase shift Oscillators

Unit IV Operational Amplifiers Characteristics of ideal Op Amp - Inverting – Non inverting - CMRR – Sign

changer – Scale changer – adder – Subtractor – differentiator – integrator – comparator

Unit V Integrated Circuits Integrated circuits – Advantages of ICs – Drawback of ICs – Scale of Integration

– Classification of ICs by structure – Classification of ICs by function – IC Terminology

– Monolithic ICs made – Fabrication of IC Components – Popular Applications of ICs

Reference Book: 1. Principles of Electronics – V.K. Mehta

2. Basic Electronics – B.L.Theraja

3. Text Book of Applied Electronics – R. S. Sedha

4. Introduction to Electronics – A. Ambrose and T. Vincent Devaraj

CORE COURSE - X

PHYSICS PRACTICALS – III 1. Newton’s rings – Refractive index of a prism.

2. Spectrometer – i-d curve.

3. Spectrometer – i-i’ curve.

4. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of the material of the prism.

5. Spectrometer – Grating – Minimum deviation.

6. Spectrometer – Cauchy’s constants ( using grating by normal incidence).

7. M and H – absolute determination using deflection and vibration

magnetometer.

8. Field along the axis of the coil – Determination of M.

9. Potentiometer – EMF of a thermocouple.

10. Potentiometer – High range voltmeter calibration.

11. B.G. – Absolute capacity of a capacitor.

12. B.G. – Determination of co-efficient of Mutual inductance of a pair of coil.

13. Series Resonance Circuit – self inductance and quality factor of a coil.

14. Parallel Resonance Circuit – self inductance and quality factor of a coil.

Programming in ‘ C ’ :

(Any three programs)

1. Convert the given temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit /

Fahrenheit to Celsius.

2. Find the biggest / smallest number from the given array.

3. Ascending and Descending order of an array.

4. Factorial of N numbers.

5. Evaluation of a series ( Sin x and Log x only ).

Core Course – XI Practical – IV

ELECTRONICS

( Any SIX Experiments ) 1. Regulated Power Supply using Zener Diode-Percentage of regulation

2. Characteristics of a Transistor- CE configuration

3. FET- Characteristics

4. Single Stage R-C Coupled Transistor Amplifier

5. Tuned Collector Oscillator

6. Bistable Multivibrator

7. Operational amplifier (Adder and Subtractor)

8. Operational amplifier (Differentiator and Integrator)

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ( Any SIX Experiments )

9. Basic and Derived Gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EX-OR)

using IC.

10. NAND and NOR as Universal Gates.

11. Verification of Laws of Boolean Algebra

12. Verification of De Morgan’s Theorem

13. Half- adder and Full adder using Logic Gates.

14. Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor using Logic Gates

15. Multiplexer using IC.

16. Demultiplexer using gates

Microprocessor 8085 (Any 3 experiments)

17. 8- bit addition and 8-bit subtraction

18. 8- bit multiplication and 8-bit division

19. Finding the largest and smallest of the given list of numbers

Major Based Elective- I

Numerical Methods and Statistics Unit – I : Measures of central tendency

Arithmetic mean- Discrete and continuous (Direct method only)- Merits and

demerits- Median- Discrete and continuous (direct method only)- merits and demerits-

Mode – Discrete series – Merits and demerits- Standard deviation – Discrete series(

Actual mean and assumed mean)- Merits and demerits.

Unit – II : Curve Fittings

Curve fitting- method of least squares- Fitting of a straight line- Fitting of

Parabola – Fitting of an exponential curve- Linear regression- regression co-efficient for

linear regression.

Unit –III : Solution of numerical ,algebraic, transcendental and differential

equation

Bisection method- Method of successive approximation- Regula falsi Method –

Newton Raphson Method- Taylor series method- Euler’s method- Improved Euler’s

method – Runge Kutta Meta Method(II &IV order)

Unit – IV : Finite Differences

First differences- difference table- properties of the forward , backward and

central difference operators- Linear interpolation- Newton forward interpolation

formula- Interpolation with unequal intervals- Lagrange’s interpolation formula( no

derivation)- Hermite’s, Bessel’s interpolating polynomials.

Unit – V : Numerical Integration

General quadrature formula for equi distant ordinates – Trapezoidal rule-

Simpson’s 1/3 rule and 3/8 rule- Practical applications – weddle’s rule – Gaussian

Quadrature formula- Gaussian quadrature(3 point) formula.

Books for study:

1. Statistics – Pillai R.S.N.Bagavthy V.

2. Numerical Methods - Singaravelu .A, Meenakshi Agency, Chennai.

3. Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis – Shastry S.S, Prentice ,Hall Ltd.,

4. Numerical Methods in science and Engineering – Vengatraman. M.K,(1977), National

Publishing Company, Chennai.

Core Course – XII Programming in ‘C’

Unit –I: Introduction Structure of ‘C’ – Fundamentals of C- Character set – Identifiers and key words- Data types- Constants- Variables- Declarations- Expressions-Symbolic Constants- Arithmetic Operators- Relational, Logical and Assignment Operators, Unary, Bitwise and Ternary Operators-Conditional Operators- Library function. Unit –II: I / O and control Statements Data input and output- getchar, putchar, scanf, printf, gets, puts functions- Control Statements-while, do…while, for nested loops, if …else, switch, break, continue and goto statements. Unit – III: Functions Basic functions-Return values and their types- Calling functions- Storage Students- Automatic variables- External Variables- Static Variables- Recursion. Structures and Union Structure definition- Array of Structures- Array Within Structures- Structures within Structures- Union. Unit-IV: Pointers Understanding Pointers - Accessing the address of the Variable- Declaring and Initializing Pointers - Accessing a variable through Pointers - Pointers and arrays. Files Sequential access files- Defining and Opening a file- Closing a file – Input / output operations on files- Random access to files. Unit –V: Programs

Development of algorithm, flow chart and program for the following problems

1. Area of Circle, Square, Cylinder and Sphere

2. Centigrade to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Centigrade conversion

3. Average of a set of numbers

4. To print all odd / even numbers up to N

5. To print sum of squares of odd / even numbers up to N

6. Finding the largest and smallest element in an array.

7. Finding the factorial of a given number.

8. Solving Quadratic equation.

9. Sorting a set of numbers in Ascending / Descending order.

10. Sorting the given string in Alphabetic order.

11. To add / Subtract two matrices..

Books for Study:

1. Programming in C – E. Balagurusamy- Tata MCGraw Hill Pub. Co.

2. Programming with C – Venugopal, K. R. and Sudep, R. P – Tata Mc Graw

Hill Pub. Co.

Reference Book:

1. Programming with C – Byron S Gottifried – Schaum’ S outline Series,

Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co..

2. Let us C - Yashvant Kanetkar – BPB Publications.

Major Based Elective - II

Atomic and Solid State Physics

Unit – I: The Vector Atom Model – Quantum Numbers Associated with the Vector Atom

Model-Coupling Schemes-Pauli Exclusion Principle-Periodic Classification of Elements-

Magnetic dipole moment due to orbital motion of the electron-Magnetic Dipole

moment due to spin-Stern and Gerlach Experiment.

Unit- II:

Optical Spectra-Spectral terms and notation-Selection rules- intensity rules and

interval rule- Fine Structure of sodium D line- Zeeman effect- Larmor’s Theorem-

Debye’s quantum mechanical explanation of normal Zeeman Effect- Anomalous Zeeman

effect- Paschen- Back effect- Stark effect.

Unit – III:

Bonding in Solids:

Basic explanation and Properties of Bonds in Crystals- Ionic, Covalent, Metallic bonds

and Hydrogen bond

Elementary Crystallography:

Lattice points- Space lattice- Basis- unit cell- Primitive cell- Seven classes of

crystals and Bravais lattices- Structure of Crystals- Simple Cubic, Body Centered Cubic-

Face Centered Cubic- Simple Cubic Structure – Sodium Chloride- Miller indices-

Procedure for finding Miller indices.

Unit – IV : Defects and Dislocations in Crystals

Qualitative explanation of Point defects- Line defects- Surface defects- Volume

defects.

X-Ray Diffraction

Bragg’s law- X-ray diffraction methods to determine Crystal Structure- Laue

method -Powder Method- Rotating Crystal Method.

Unit – V : Types of Magnetic Materials

Different types of Magnetic Materials – Classical theory of Diamagnetism

(Langevin’s theory) - Langevin’s theory of Paramagnetism- Weiss theory of

Paramagnetism- Qualitative explanation of Heisenberg’s interpretation on internal field

and Quantum theory of Ferromagnetism.

Books for Study: 1. Modern Physics – R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath (S. Chand & Co. 14

th

revised MULTICOLOUR Edition 2008)

2. Modern Physics – R. Murugeshan (S. Chan & Co.2006)

3. Solid State Physics – M. Arumugam (Anuradha Agencies)

4. Solid State Physics – Guptha & Kumar (K. Nath & Co. Meerut)

Major Based Elective -III

Renewable Energy Physics

Unit – I : Solar Radiation

Structure of the sun- solar constant- solar radiation at the earth’s surface (Beam

and Diffused radiation) – basic earth sun angles- derived solar angles- Estimation of solar

time.

Unit – II : Solar Collectors

Flat- Plat Collector general description- thermal losses and efficiency- General

Characteristics of flat plate collector- Evaluation of over all loss Coefficient- solar air

heaters- types of air heaters –Focusing type solar collectors and general characteristics.

Unit – III : Application Of Solar Energy in every day life

1.Crop driers

2.Solar thermal power generation

3.Solar furnace

4.Water desalination

5.Solar photo voltaic power generation- solar cell- principles and IV

characteristics

6.Solar cooker(Box type only)

Unit- IV : Renewable energy sources

Bio mass- Photo synthesis- wind energy- ocean thermal energy- open and closed

cycle- tidal energy- geothermal energy.(basic ideas only).

Unit – V : Energy Storage

Thermal storage- sensible heat storage-latent heat storage- water storage-

electrical storage- chemical storage.

Books for study:

1. Solar energy utilization – G.D. Rai

2. Solar energy- S.P. Sukhatme tata Mcgraw Hill Puplisher Company

3. Energy Physics- K.Karupannan, V.N.Suganthi

ALLIED COURSE–I

ALLIED PHYSICS-I

Unit I: Properties of Matter and Mechanics

Stress – Strain – Different Moduli of Elasticity – Relation between the Elastic

Moduli-Bending of Beam – Expression for bending moment – Determination of Young’s

modulus by Uniform and Non – Uniform bending (Koenig’s method)

Centre of Gravity – Determination of center of gravity of solid hemisphere –

solid cone.

Unit II: Thermal Physics

Thermometry - Types of Thermometers – centigrade and Fahrenheit scales –

Relation between Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit – Platinum resistance Thermometer –

Newton’s law of cooling - Determination of specific heat capacity of a liquid by cooling

– Black body – Stefan’s law – Distribution of energy in the spectrum of the black body.

Unit III: Semiconductor Physics

Theory of energy band in crystals – Distinction between conductors, Insulators,

and Semi conductors – Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors –Junction Diode – zener

Diode – zener diode as voltage regulator.

Unit IV: Transistors

PNP and NPN transistor - Transistor action - DC Characteristics of CE and CB

configuration - CE transistor amplifier – FET - N channel and P channel FET –

Performance – Characteristics - Common Source FET amplifier - Comparison of

Transistor and FET.

Unit V: Digital Electronics

Number Systems – Conversions – Binary: Addition, Subtraction , Multiplication,

Division-8421 Code-BCD Code – Excess 3 code – Gray code - Binary to Gray and Gray

to Binary conversion – ASCII code – Basic and Derivative Gates : AND, OR, NOT,

NAND, NOR, EX-OR – NAND & NOR as Universal gates.

Books for Study:

1 .Properties of Matter- R. Murugesan

2. Heat and Thermodynamics – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam

3. Digital Principles and their Applications – Malvino Leach Tata McGraw Hill

4. Allied Physics Paper I - A. Sundravelusamy

5. Allied Physics Paper II - A. Sundravelusamy

ALLIED COURSE II

Allied Physics Practical (any 12)

1. Non- Uniform bending- Pin and Microscope

2. Surface Tension of a liquid – Drop Weight Method

3. Interfacial Surface Tension of a liquid – Drop Weight Method

4. Co efficient of Viscosity- Graduated Burette Method

5. Specific heat capacity of liquid by cooling method

6. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc

7. Verification of Truth Tables of Logic Gates (AND,OR, NOT, NAND, NOR &

EX-OR) using IC.

8. Spectrometer – refractive index of Solid Prism (A, D & )

9. Verification of Demorgans theorem

10. Sonometer – Verification of first Two laws

11. Carey Foster’s Bridge – Specific Resistance

12. Metre Bridge – Determination of Specific Resistance

13. Characteristics of Zener Diode.

14. Half Adder and Half Subtractor using Gates

15. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter

ALLIED COURSE– III

ALLIED PHYSICS-III

Unit- I: Electrostatics

Coulomb’s inverse square Law – Gauss Theorem and its proof – Field due to a

charged sphere - Field at a point due to a charged cylinder.

Capacitance - Capacity of a conductor – Energy of a charged capacitor – Loss of

energy due to sharing of charge between two charged conductors – Capacitors connected

in series and parallel.

Unit-II Current Electricity and Nuclear Physics

Ohm’s Law - Kirchhoff’s Law - Wheatstone Bridge - Meter Bridge - Carey

faster’s bridge - measurement of specific resistance – Potentiometer - calibration

of low range voltmeter. Nucleus – Nuclear Size - Charge - Mass and Spin – shell model - particle detector

- G. M Counter - Nuclear fission and fusion.

Unit – III: Opto-Electronic Devices

Photo Electric Effect - Laws of Photo Electric Emission – Photo Conduction-

Photo diode-Photo transistor -– LED – Construction – Working - LCD - Solar cell –

Working –Characteristics-Uses.

Unit –IV: Operational Amplifier

Ideal Op-Amp – Op-Amp Parameters (Qualitatively): Input offset voltage, Input

impedance, Output impedance, CMRR, Slew Rate – Inverting – Non inverting Amplifier

– Adder – Subtractor – Differentiator –Integrator.

Unit –V: Boolean algebra

Basic laws of Boolean algebra – De Morgan’s theorem – Verification of Boolean

expression using Boolean laws – Half adder – Full adder – Half subtractor – Full

sub tractor (using basic gates) – Encoder – Decimal to BCD encoder – Decoder – BCD to

decimal decoder.

Books for Study and Reference:

1. Electricity and Magnetism – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam.

2. Modern Physics – Murughesan. S

3. Allied Physics II – A. Sundravelusamy

4. Digital Principles and

their applications – Malvino & Leach

5. Applied Physics II - A. Sundravelusamy

APPLIED COURSE – I

Applied Physics-I

Unit – I : Electrostatics

Gauss theorem- applications- Electric Intensity at a point due to a charged sphere-

Electric intensity at a point due to an uniformly charged cylinder- Principle of a

Capacitor- Capacitance of a spherical and cylindrical capacitor- Energy of a charged

capacitor- Energy loss due to sharing of charges.

Unit – II : Magnetostatics

Magnetic field – Magnetic flux density- Permeability- Susceptibility- Relation

between them- Magnetic potential- Intensity of Magnetization- Relation between

Potential and intensity- Potential due to a Dipole – Magnetic shell- Potential at a point

due to a magnetic shell- Properties of Dia, Para and Ferro magnetic materials.

Unit –III : Current Electricity

Laplace’s law- Magnetic field at a point due to a straight conductor carrying

current- magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular coil- force between two

conductors carrying current- Standard unit of current- Kirchhoff’s law- Applications of

Kirchoff’s laws to Wheatstone’s bridge- Carey foster’s bridge.

Unit – IV : Electromagnetic Induction

Laws of electro magnetic induction – Expression for induced EMF- Expression

for self inductance of a solenoid- Self inductance by Raleigh’s method- Mutual induction

– Coefficient of coupling- Absolute determination of M (BG).

Unit – V : Alternating Current

Root mean square (RMS) value of an alternating current- Average value of an

alternating current- Alternating EMF applied to a circuit containing Land R, C and R,

LCR- Parallel and series resonant circuits- Q factor- Sharpness of resonance- Wattless

current – Choke.

Books for study and Reference:

1. Applied Physics paper I - A.Sundrtavelusamy, Priya Publications, Karur,

Tamilnadu.

2. Electricity and Magnetism – Brijlal and subrahmanyam, Ratan Prakashan Mandir,

New Delhi, 1995.

3. Electricity and Magnetism- Narayanamurthi and Nagarathinam, The National

Publishing Company,Madras,1994.

4. Electricity and Magnetism- D. L. Sehgal and K. L. Chopra, Sultan Chand and

Sons, New Delhi,1996.

APPLIED COURSE – II

Applied Physics Practical (any 13)

1. Semi Conductor diode- Characteristics

2. Zener diode- Characteristics

3. FET- Characteristics

4. Transistor- Characteristics in CE configuration

5. Field along the axis of a Coil- Determination of M.

6. Potentiometer – Measurement of Resistance

7. Potentiometer – Low range Voltmeter Calibration

8. Potentiometer- Low range Ammeter Calibration

9. Carey Foster’s Bridge- Specific Resistance.

10. Verification of De-morgan’s Theorem.

11. Series resonance circuit

12. Parallel resonance circuit

13. Single stage RC Coupled Amplifier

14. FET Amplifier (Common Source)

15. Half –Adder and Half –Subtractor using IC

16. Adder and Subtractor using Op-Amp.

17. Logic Gates ( AND,OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EX-OR) Using IC.

APPLIED COURSE III

Applied Physics-III

Unit I: Semiconductor Physics

Theory of energy bands in crystals- Distinction between conductors, Insulators

and Semiconductors – Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors – Junction diode – zener

diode – zener diode as voltage Regulator – PN Junction Diode as Rectifier – half wave

Rectifier- Full wave Rectifiers – (center tap) only.

Unit II: Transistors PNP and NPN Transistors – CE Configuration – Transistor amplifier-

Classification of amplifiers Class A, Class B, Class C- Push–Pull amplifier - Condition

for oscillations - Hartly Oscillator (Construction & working)-FET: N channel and P

channel- Characteristics of FET .

Unit III: Lasers and Opto-Electronic Devices Basic concepts of Stimulated emission – Population Inversion and Meta Stable

state – He –Ne Laser

Photo electric effect – Laws of photo electric emission – Applications – Photo

Transistors LED – Seven Segment Display – LCD

Unit IV: Operational Amplifiers The basics of Operational Amplifier – Inverting and Non-inverting Operational

Amplifier –CMRR – Basic uses of Operational Amplifier as sign and scale changer,

Phase shifter – Adder – Subtractor – Comparator – Integrator – Differentiator.

Unit V: IC Fabrication Basics of IC – Merits & Demerits of ICs - SSI, MSI, LSI & VLSI –Basic

Monolithic Integrated circuit Fabrication Processes- Epitaxial Growth-Masking and

Etching–Transistor for Monolithic circuits

Books for Study and Reference:

1. Electronics - Theraja.

2. Applied physics Paper II - A. Sundravelusamy Priya

Publicationns Karur, Tamil nadu.

3. Modern Physics - R. Murugesan

4. Principles of Electronics – V. K. Metha & Rohit Metha S.Chand

5. Integrated Electronics – Jacob Millman Christos C. Halkias

NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE - I

LASER PHYSICS

Unit I: Light

Electromagnetic Spectrum-Light-Rectilinear propagation of light-

Laws of Reflection and Refraction – Dispersion –Interference-Diffraction-

Polarization-Scattering (Basic definitions only).

Unit II: Basics of Laser

LASER – Characteristics - Energy levels - Spontaneous emission -

Stimulated emission – Einstein’s Co-efficient -Population Inversion - Active

medium – Pumping - Optical resonator - Meta Stable State –Levels of

Laser.

Unit III: LASER Types

Types of LASER - Ruby LASER - Helium-Neon LASER-Co2

LASER – Nd:YAG LASER – Semiconductor LASER.

Unit IV: Applications

1. Surgical

2. Metallurgical

3. Military

4. Physical

BOOKS FOR STUDY:

1. A Text Book of Optics – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam

2. An Introduction to LASERS

Theory and Applications – M. N. Avadhanulu

NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE-II

SOLAR ENERGY

Unit I : Structure of Sun

Thermonuclear reactions- Structure of Sun- Solar Constant- Electromagnetic

Spectrum- Beam and diffuse radiations- Basic Earth Sun angles- Determination of Solar

time.

Unit II : Solar Collectors

Liquid flat plate Collector- Air Collector- General Characteristics of Flat plate

Collectors- Focusing Collectors- General Characteristics of Focusing Collectors.

Unit III : Photo Voltaic Power

Principle of Photo Voltaic Power - Photo voltaic Effect- Solar Cell- Types of

Solar Cells- Applications of Solar Cells.

Unit IV : Applications of Solar Energy Utilization

1) Crop Drier

2) Solar Cooker

3) Solar Pumping

4) Solar Distillation(Solar Stills)

5) Solar Green Houses

Books for Reference and Study:

1) Solar Energy utilization- G. D. Rai.

2) Solar Energy- Sukhatme

.