Department of Meteorology Maldives Implementation of Male’ Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and its Likely Transboundary Effects.

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

Implementation of Male’ Declaration on Implementation of Male’ Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution Control and Prevention of Air Pollution

and its Likely Transboundaryand its Likely TransboundaryEffects for South AsiaEffects for South Asia

MALDIVES

Refresher course

25 – 29 March 2008

MALDIVESMALDIVES

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVES

Introduction Location: About 500Km southwest of the Indian tip Consists about 1192 Islands ( biggest island is not more than

3sq km. Climate: Equatorial, Warm and Humid Experience two monsoon dry NE monsoon (Jan-March) and

wet SW monsoon ( May-Nov), April and Nov are transition. Non industrial, electricity provides by diesel generators Five airports, many boats, vessels for marine transport,

relatively more vehicles in the densely populated capital city.

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESInstitutional Arrangements

NIA

Department of Meteorology (DoM)

Monitoring

NFP

Ministry of Energy and Water (MEEW)

Sta

keh

old

er

foru

m

Ad

vis

ory

com

mit

tee

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

SHORE LINESCRUB

HANIMAADHOOSCRUBREEF LINE

REEF LINE SCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBSCRUBREEF LINE

JETTYAIRPORTSCRUBSHORE LINE

SHORE LINE

SHORE LINESCRUBJETTYSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBTIMBERTIMBERTIMBERTIMBER

SCRUBREEF LINETIMBERSCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBTIMBERREEF LINE

APR (SW corner of apron)Threshold Runway 03Threshold Runway 21

Proposed site for HCO1.21.61.71.81.81.81.71.81.71.71.61.71.61.31.31.41.31.4BECON1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.61.4 1.51.4 1.51.5 1.4 1.71.71.6 1.5 1.71.71.41.41.41.51.51.51.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.4 1.5 1.7 1.81.71.4 1.31.3

SHORE LINESCRUB

HANIMAADHOOSCRUBREEF LINE

REEF LINE SCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBSCRUBREEF LINE

JETTYAIRPORTSCRUBSHORE LINE

SHORE LINE

SHORE LINESCRUBJETTYSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBTIMBERTIMBERTIMBERTIMBER

SCRUBREEF LINETIMBERSCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBTIMBERREEF LINE

APR (SW corner of apron)Threshold Runway 03Threshold Runway 21

Proposed site for HCO1.21.61.71.81.81.81.71.81.71.71.61.71.61.31.31.41.31.4BECON1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.61.4 1.51.4 1.51.5 1.4 1.71.71.6 1.5 1.71.71.41.41.41.51.51.51.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.4 1.5 1.7 1.81.71.4 1.31.3

MALDIVESMALDIVESHanimaadhoo Island

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVES

►Wet only collector is operational, Filters and samples are sent to MISU,

► In Addition of NO2 and SO2, O3 filters are started to expose in May 2007

► All Three years DATA is received.

► Exposed filters are send to IVL, DATA receives.

W.Collector & P. Sampler

CORROSION RACK

NO2, SO2,O3, NO3,HNO3, PM, Fe,Zn,Cu,Painted, Lime stone

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESSO2

Monthly Average Concentratin of SO2 in µg/m3

Hanimaadhoo 6.7N 73E

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Ja

n

Fe

b

Ma

r

Ap

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Ma

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Ju

n

Ju

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Au

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Oct

No

v

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µg

/m3

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESNO2

Monthly Average Concentratin of NO2 in µg/m3

Hanimaadhoo 6.7N 73E

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3Ja

n

Fe

b

Ma

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Ma

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Oct

No

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µg

/m3

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVES Ave SO2 , NO2

(2003-2007) Average Concentratin of NO2 in µg/m3

Hanimaadhoo 6.7N 73E

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Ja

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Fe

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Ma

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Oct

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v

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µg

/m3 SO2

NO2

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESpH

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Jul

Aug

Sep Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Months

pH

2005

2006

2007

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESSO4

0

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1000

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1400

1600Ju

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Jul

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Oct

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µg

/l

2005

2006

2007

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESNO3

0

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2000Ju

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/l

2005

2006

2007

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVESAverage pH

0

1

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4

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6

7Ju

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Oct

No

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Months

pH

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVES

Difficulties

Lack of trained technical staffs in the field. Long term training is not available within the country.

Department of MeteorologyMaldives

MALDIVESMALDIVES

Future Plan

Establishing Network for pH monitoring Start monitoring PM concentration in the capital city Start monitoring trace gases in central and southern part of

the country.

Thank You