Department of Defense Basic Research West Virginia University Dr. Robin Staffin Director for Basic Research Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense.

Department of DefenseBasic Research

West Virginia University

Dr. Robin Staffin

Director for Basic Research

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering

July 2, 2014

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Key Elements ofDefense Strategic Guidance

• The military will be smaller and leaner, but it will be agile, flexible, ready and technologically advanced.

• Rebalance our global posture and presence to emphasize Asia-Pacific regions.

• Build innovative partnerships and strengthen key alliances and partnerships elsewhere in the world.

• Ensure that we can quickly confront and defeat aggression from any adversary – anytime, anywhere.

• Protect and prioritize key investments in technology and new capabilities, as well as our capacity to grow, adapt and mobilize as needed.

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Defense Research and Engineering Strategy

1. Mitigate new and emerging threat capabilities- Cyber - Electronic Warfare - Counter Space - Counter-WMD

2. Affordably enable new or extended capabilities in existing military systems- Systems Engineering - Modeling and Simulation- Prototyping - Developmental Test &

Evaluation- Interoperability - Power & Energy

3. Develop technology surprise through science and engineering- Autonomy - Data-to-Decisions - Human Systems - Hypersonic- Quantum

Technology Needs

• Cyber / Electronic Warfare

• Engineering / M & S

• Capability Prototyping

• Protection & Sustainment

• Advanced Machine Intelligence

• Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD)

“Protect and prioritize key investments in technology and new capabilities, as well as our capacity to grow, adapt and mobilize as needed.” -SECDEF, January 2012 Strategic Guidance

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DOD Basic Research: the Early Foundations of Progress

40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s

• Nuclear weapons

• Radar

• Proximity fuse

• Sonar

• Jet engine

• LORAN

• Digital computer

• ICBM

• Transistor

• Laser technology

• Nuclear propulsion

• Digital comm.

• Satellite comm.

• Integrated circuits

• Phased-array radar

• Defense networks

• Airborne surv.

• MIRV

• Airborne GMTI/SAR

• Stealth

• Strategic CMs

• IR search and track

• Space track network

• C2 networks

• GPS

• UAVs

• Night vision

• Personal computing

• Counter-stealth

• BMD hit-to-kill

• Wideband networks

• Web protocols

• Precision munitions

• Solid state radar

• Advanced robotics

• Speech recognition

• GIG

• Armed UAVs

• Optical SATCOM

• Data mining

• Advanced seekers

• Decision support

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Why Basic Research at DOD?(from the DSB Task Force Report on Basic Research)

• Basic research probes the limits of today’s technologies and discovers new phenomena and know‐how that ultimately lead to future technologies.

• Basic research funding attracts some of the most creative minds to fields of critical DOD interest.

• Basic research funding creates a knowledgeable workforce by training students in fields of critical DOD interest.

• Basic research provides a broad perspective to prevent capability surprise by fostering a community of U.S. experts who are accessible to DoD, and who follow global progress in both relevant areas, as well as those that may not seem relevant — until they are.

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Five Examples of DOD Basic Research Leading to Game Changers

• Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) System

• Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Microwave Electronics

• Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM)

• Stealth Technology

• Kalman Filter

Reference: Defense Science Board Task Force, p10

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DOD Basic Research 2015 PBR

19841987

19901993

19961999

20022005

20082011

20140.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

-0.5%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

Constant Dollars ($B) and % of RDT&E

FISCAL YEAR

Basic Research

$2.0B, 3%

Applied Research,$4.5B, 7%

Advanced Technology

Development$5.0B, 8%

Advanced Component

Development & Prototypes $12.3B, 19%

System Development & Demonstration $11.1B, 18%

RDT&E Man-agement Support

$4.2B, 7%

Operational Systems Develop-

ment$24.4B, 38%

Total RDT&E$63.5B

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TOTAL$2,165 M

DOD Basic Research by ComponentFY15 President’s Budget Request

Army$424.2 M, 21%

Navy$576.3 M, 29%

Air Force$454.5 M, 22%

DARPA$362.0 M

18%OSD

$114.5 M, 6%

Chem Bio$48.3 M, 2%

DTRA$37.8 M, 2%

TOTAL$2,018 M

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DoD Basic Research is 6% of Overall Federal Agency Support

Agriculture3%

Commerce1%

DHHS50%

DOD6%

DOE13%

NASA8%

NSF16%

Other1%

Smithsonian1%

Veterans Affairs1%

Total $32.9B

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DoD Dominates Share of Federal Basic Research in Certain Fields

DoD71%

NSF26%

NASA2%

Other1%

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DoD86%

NSF7%

NASA5%

Other2%

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SOURCE: FY 08 obligations from “Federal Funds for Research and Development” survey data on NSF WebCASPAR system

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Basic Research Program

• 6 High Priority S&T areas for DoD

• Metamaterials and Plasmonics

• Quantum Information Science

• Cognitive Neuroscience

• Nanoscience and Nanoengineering

• Synthetic Biology

• Understanding Human and Social Behavior• Within the broader set of sciences critical to DoD

Understanding and creating the cutting edge

Trends in basic research are identified and judged through a variety of interactions, including:• Publications, university site visits, conference attendance• Future Directions Workshops (identifying emerging areas for investment and International

Centers of Excellence for collaborative opportunities) • Engage expert panels (JASONs, National Academy of Sciences, etc…)

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Five Elements for Defense Basic Research Strategy

Goal: Create conditions for basic research investments capable of creating high-payoff, transformative scientific breakthroughs for DoD

Provide Scientific Leadership for the DoD Basic Research enterprise

Foster DoDConnections between

DoD BR Performers and the DoD Community

Maximize the Discovery Potential of the Defense Research

Business EnvironmentPrograms andProgram Policy

DefenseBasic

Research

Ensure Coherence and Balance

of the DoD Basic Research Portfolio

Attract the Nation’sBest S&Es

to contribute to and lead DoD research