Dental Whitening Jeremy Bojnowski – Robert Martin Lake Shore High School.

Dental Whitening

Jeremy Bojnowski – Robert Martin

Lake Shore High School

• According to Linda Dyett, professional whitening costs around $650.

• Did you know that there may be a way to obtain a bright smile with the price of just $10?

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Why a Bright Smile?

• Avoids being self – conscious

• Good impression on others

• Attraction

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What Causes Dental Discoloration?

• Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).

• Acidic waste.

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S. mutans

• Parasitic organism.

• Lives on teeth.

• Accelerates enamel decay.

• Carbohydrate diet.

http:/textbookofbacteriology.net/normalflora.html

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http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/image-collection-oralhealth#phototake_r m_photo_of_tooth_illustration.jpg

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The loss of enamel allows tooth coloration to occur

Substitution for Teeth

• Teeth are mainly composed of calcium carbonate

• Eggshells are mainly composed of calcium carbonate as well

• Therefore, eggs work as a substitute

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Oxidation

When an atom loses an electron.

H

O H

O

The size and visibility of the atom are reduced.

e-1

Neutral tea moleculeH202 Molecule

How do People Whiten Their Teeth?

• Mouthwash.

• Tooth brushing/tooth paste.

• Professional dental treatment.

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How do the active ingredients in Vibrant White Pre-Brush Mouthwash from Listerine affect the whiteness of eggs over time?

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Solution Strength (%)

Time(Minutes)

- S + - S +

50 75 100 10 15 20

Independent Variables

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Variables

• Solution strength: based off of standard and sensitive mouth treatments

• Time: based on whitening tray procedures & professional treatments

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Response Variable

• Degree of Whiteness.

• Shows the change in whiteness after treatment(s).

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What Will Happen?

If the recommended dose of mouthwash is applied with the highest amount of time allowed, then the eggs will become whiter than the eggs treated in the standard and lower treatments.

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http://www.soap.com/p/listerine-whitening-vibrant-white-pre-rinse-clean-mint-16-oz-87074

http://soundentistry.com/fairborn-and-xenia-whitening/

Clinical Whiteness Scale

Whitening Mouthwash

Treatment Preparation

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1 3 4 5 6 72

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Average Overall Change Results

(+,+) 7.16°

(-,-) 5.33°

(+,-) 5.67°

(-,+) 6.72°

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Results from DOE 3, Trial (+,+)

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Standard #1 6°

Standard #2 9.33°

Standard #3 6°

Standard #4 6.33°

Standard #5 7°

Standard #6 6.67°

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Range of Standards

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 2 4 6 8

DOE

Fin

al W

hite

ness

C

hang

e (A

vera

ges) 3.33

Experimental Errors

• Egg Replacement

• Timer Errors

• Egg Dying

• Human Error

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Main Effect of Solution Strength

• .39° effect.

• Not statistically significant.

2* 3.33 < .39

6.66 > .39

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Not Significant

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Main Effect of Time

• 1.44° effect

• Not statistically significant

2 * 3.33 < 1.44

6.66 > 1.44

Not Significant

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Analysis

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Interaction Effect

• .054 interaction

• Not statistically significant

2 * 3.33 < 1.44

6.66 > 1.44

Not Significant

• Shows that combination of variables does not have a significant effect

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Were We Correct?

If the recommended dose of mouthwash is applied with the highest amount of time allowed, then the eggs will become whiter than the eggs treated in the standard and lower treatments.

ACCEPTED!

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What Happened?

• Testing effectiveness of the mouthwash resulted in a positive outcome.

• Whitening mouth washes were shown to have a whitening effect.

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Further Research

• Different forms of whitening

• Cost analysis

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Real-World Application

• Dental concerning people

• Solution to oral whitening

• According to the British Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, 32% of the world’s population is concerned about their teeth.

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Questions?

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Works Cited

Arnold, Paul. "Mouth Bacteria It’s a Jungle in There." Brighthub. 22 July 2010. Web. 2

Jan. 12. brighthub.com

Bodner. "Oxidation - Reduction Reactions." Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Bodner

Research Web. Web. 15 May 2012.

http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch19/oxred_1.php

Chiedozie, Anjus. "What Is the Chemical Composition of Human Teeth." Ehow Health. 2 Jan. 2012. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. http://www.ehow.com/ehow-health/

Caldwell, Michelle A. "How Does Alcohol Kill Bacteria?" EHow. Demand Media,

Web. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5462404_alcohol-kill-

bacteria.html>

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Works Cited

Connolly, Arlene. "Does Hydrogen Peroxide Whiten Teeth." Sophisticated Edge. Web. 4 Feb. 12. www.sophisticatededge.com/

CTPA/thefactsabout.co.uk. "How Does Mouthwash Work?" The Factsabout.co.uk. Westhill. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. www.thefactsabout.co.uk/content.asp?

menuid=31&submenuid=152&pageid=152&menuname=How+does+mouthwas

h+work%3F&menu=sub

Curatola, Dr. Gerry. "Re: How Does Tooth Whitening Work?" Web log comment.

Sharecare. Colgate. Web. 15 May 2012. http://www.sharecare.com/question/how-

teeth-are-whitened

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Works Cited

Dyett, Linda. "Teeth Whitening: How It Works and What It Costs." Teeth Whitening.

Ceatus Media Group, 12 Sept. 2011. Web. 17 May 2012.

http://www.yourdentistryguide.com/teeth-whitening/

Forssten, Sofia D., Marika Björklund, and Arthur C. Ouwehand. Streptococcus Mutans, Caries and Simulation Models. Publication. Vol. 3. Basel: MDPI, 2010. Streptococcus Mutans, Caries and Simulation Models. MPDI, 23 Feb. 2010. Web. 16 May 2012. http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/2/3/290

Johnson, Steve A. "Why Do Our Teeth Turn Yellow." Enzine Articles. 17 Apr. 2009. Web. 4 Feb. 12. <ezinearticles.com>

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Works Cited National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PubMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 16 May 2012. Web. 16 May 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Orginization (unidentified). "Best Way to Whiten Teeth." Bestwaytowhitenteeth.net. 10 Oct. 2000. Web. 18 Mar. 2012. http://www.bestwaytowhitenteeth.net/

Osborne, Louise, and Michael B. Thompson. JSTOR/Chemical Composition and Structure of. Publication. American Society of Ichthyologists and

Herpetologists (ASIH), 2 Aug. 2005. Web. 29 Jan. 2012.

http://www.jstor.org/pss/4098580

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Works Cited

Roguski, James. “The Truth About Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide.” Food Grade-Hydrogen-Peroxide. Numerous (several articles included in one). James Paul Roguski. Numerous Dates. PDF file. Web. 2 Feb.12. www.foodgradehydrogenperoxide.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/TheTruthAboutFGHP.pdf

Russell, J. Thomas. Tooth Whitening Shade Guide. Digital image. Sounddentistry.com. Sound Dentistry. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. http://soundentistry.com/tooth-whitening-shade-guide/shade-guide/

"Streptococcus Mutans." - MicrobeWiki. Kennyon University, 4 July 2011. Web. 17 May 2012. http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Streptococcus_mutans

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Works Cited

Www.whiteteethglobal.com." Blog. White Teeth Global, 12 Apr. 2011. Web. 17 May 2011. http://www.whiteteethglobal.com/Blog/blog-teeth-whitening-statistics.html

Wikipedia. "Tooth Bleaching." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc., 1 May 2012. Web. 22 May 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_bleaching

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