Dental Mnemonics Here are certain Mnemonics which i have found over the net and jotted them down onto this one place for a quick review just before the exam day. These are a mix of all subjects i ll keep updating this blog with new Mnemonics on the top, so keep visiting for new Mnemonics :) Updated 2/05/2014 Eruption of permanent teeth "Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine" 1st Molar - 6 yrs 1st Incisor - 7 yrs 2nd Incisor - 8yrs 1st Premolar - 9yrs 2nd Premolar - 10yrs Canine - 11 yrs 2nd Molar - 12yrs 3rd Molar - 18 - 25 yrs Dyspepsia symptoms ALARM Symptoms Anaemia (iron deficiency) Loss of weight Anorexia Recent onset of progressive symptoms Melaena / haematemesis Swallowing difficulty If dyspepsia and either >55yrs or ALARM S ymptoms then ENDOSCOPY Syphilis characterized by 4 stages-primary ,secondary ,latent ,tertiary!! Primary syphilis-PRAISE P-painless lesion R-regional lymphadenopathy A-cArtilagenous consistency of lesion ... I-indurated lesion S-single lesion E-exudation with discharging serous fluid
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Dental MnemonicsHere are certain Mnemonics which i have found over the net and jotted them down onto this one place for a quick review just before the exam day. These are a mix of all subjectsi ll keep updating this blog with new Mnemonics on the top, so keep visiting for new Mnemonics :)
How To Perform Gi Colonoscopy Haemorrhage Toxic megacolon Perforation / Pseudopolyps Gallstones / Gangrene
Colorectal carcinoma (if extensive and lasting >10 years)
(UC features)
ULCERS IN ABDomen
Ulcers (mucosal and submucosal) Large intestine involved (rectum always involved) Clubbing of fingers Extra-intestinal manifestations (e.g. Erythema nodosum) Remnants of old ulcers (pseudopolyps) Stools bloody Inflamed, red granular mucosa/submucosa Neutrophil invasion Abscesses in crypts Biochemical markers of inflammation e.g. ESR raised Diarrhoea (esp. in pancolitis)
Ulcerative colitis treatment options
SAACS
Steroids – oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone if severe 5-Aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) e.g. mesalazine, sulfasalazine Azathioprine (immunosuppressant) Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant) Surgery if perforation, cancer or poor response to medical therapy
Family historyLipidsAgeSexHomocystinaemiaBlood pressureObesityDiabetes mellitusInflammation (raised CRP)/ Increased thrombosisExerciseSmoking
Causes of gastric carcinoma
JAPAN'S SHAME:
Japanese
A Blood group
Pernicious anemia
Anemia-chronic atrophic gastritis
Nitrates
Smoked,Salted food,Scurvy,Surgery gastric
H.pylori
Adenomatous polyp
Menetrier's disease:glanduar hyperplasia
Drugs causing pancreatitis
GLAD Organ Pancreas iS Traumatised n Destroyed Very Much
Glucocorticoids
L-asparaginase
Alcohol
Diuretics
Ocp's
Pentamidine
Sulfonamides
Didanosine
Tetracyclines
Valproate
Methyldopa
Neurology 1
Absent ankle jerks but extensor plantars Sex can make the F*ing ankles DorsiflexSubacute combined degeneration of the cordConus MedullarisMotor Neurone disease
Helping : [[[ H = HYPO ]]]- hypoglycemia- hypokalemia- hypomagnesemia
Him : [[[ H = HEMORRHAGE ]]]- intracerebral hemorrhage- subarachinoid hemorrhage- subdural hematoma
- Barbiturate
Beneficial actions due to PG synthesis inhibition 5 A'sAnalgesia : Prevention of pain nerve ending
sensitizationAntipyresis Antiinflammatory AntithromboticArteriosus-Ductus closure in Newborns (Its infact Ductus Arteriosus but to fit in mnemonic Arteriosus ductus is used here)
Xylocaine: Where not to use with Adrenaline?"Digital PEN"Digits (Fingers and toes)Penis Ear Nose tipAdrenaline causes vasoconstriction which helps to trap Xylocaine (anaesthetic) locally prolonging its duration of action. The two are not used together at sites supplied by end arteries as the vasoconstriction produced by adrenaline can cause ischemic necrosis of the tissues.Adrenaline is also referred to as Epinephrine.Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) diagnostic criteria
MD SOAP BRAIN Malar rash – butterfly rash, sparing of nasolabial folds Discoid rash – basement membrane involved, may cause scarring Serositis – pleuritis/pericarditis Oral ulcers Antinuclear antibody (ANA) – very sensitive test Photosensitivity – skin rash to sunlight Blood – haemolytic anaemia, leukopaenia, thrombocytopaenia Renal disorder – proteinuria and cell casts Arthritis – symmetrical, involving 2+ small or large peripheral joints Immunological disorder – anti-dsDNA Neurological – seizures, psychosis
STRUCTURES THROUGH SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURELOT of FANs for OPHTHALMIC MEN..L-lacrimal nerveO-oculomotor nerveT-trochlear nerve
M- Muscular branches to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
P- Peripheral branches
Functions of lateral v/s medial pterygoid muscles
Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of lateral or medial!La: your jaw is open now ,so lateral opens mouthMe :your jaw is still closed ,so medial closes the mandible
I- IlliacsL- LumberT- TesticularR- RenelS- Supra renelH- hepatic vein
Internal jugular vein: tributaries ” Medical Schools Let Confident People In”:
From inferior to superior:Middle thyroidSuperior thyroidLingualCommon facialPharyngealInferior petrosal sinus
Horner's Syndrome: Components
SAMPLE:
Sympathetic chain injuryAnhidrosisMiosisPtosisLoss of ciliospinal reflexEnophthalmos
Branches of Subclavian Artery
VITamin C,D
V-vertebral arteryI- internal thoracic arteryT- thyrocervical trunk(VIT-frm 1st part in both sides) C- costocervical trunk (frm 1st part in left; frm 2nd part in right)D- dorsal scapular artery (frm 3rd part)
FABRY'S:Foam cells found in glomeruli and tubules/ Febrile episodesAlpha galactosidase A deficiency/ AngiokeratomasBurning pain in extremities/ BUN increased in serum/ BoysRenal failureYX genotype (male, X linked recessive)SphingolipidosesDiabetes- complications KNIVESKidney, Neuropathy, Infection, Vascular, Eyes, Skin lesions
Down syndrome pathologyDOWN:Decreased alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol (maternal)One extra chromosome twenty-oneWomen of advanced ageNondisjunction during maternal meiosis
Tissues which don't need insulin for glucose uptakeBRICKLE
B for brain R for RBCs
I intestine C cornea K kidney L liver E excercising sk muscleBlood Clotting Factors
"Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas Some People Have Fallen"
Factor I = Fibrinogen Factor II = Prothrombin Factor III = Tissue factor Factor IV = Calcium Factor V = Labile factor Factor VI - Does not exist as it was named initially but later on discovered not to play a part in blood coagulation. Factor VII = Stable factor Factor VIII = Antihemophilic factor A Factor IX = Antihemophilic factor B or Christmas factor (named after the first patient in whom the factor deficiency was documented) Factor X = Stuart Prower factor Factor XI = Antihemophilic factor C Factor XII = Hageman factor Factor XIII = Fibrin stabilising factor
Superior mediastinum contents:::::PVT Left BATTLE---Phrenic nerveVagusThoracic ductLeft recurrent laryngeal nerveBrachiocephalic veinAortic arch and its 3 branchesThymusTracheaLymph nodes EsophagusPOSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM sructures---there r four birds--esophaGOOSE(esophagus)vaGOOSE nerveazyGOOSE veinthoracic DUCK(duct)The four fates of Pyruvate: GALA
" IT has Lesser Options Anywhere "Inferior salivatory nucleusTympanic branch of 9th nerveLesser petrosal nerveOtic ganglion
Auriculotemporal nerveClassification of GLUTSGLUT 1 : R.B.Cs and BBB , GLUT2 : liver , low affinity , high km , high Vm , GLUT3: NEURONS ,, GLUT4: skeletal muscle , adipose tissue , regulated by insulin . , GLUT5 : transport fructose into intestine and testis
pituitary gland hormons: GP FLAT: it is for acidophilic and basophilic hormones so it gonna be (Gp.A.) ( B.FLAT) saturated FA: ABC ( Arachidic acid. Butyric,Caproic and capric )segmental RNA :: BOAR ( Bunyavirus , Ortho , Arena , Reo )major mineral ::: 2P 2S 2C phosphate , phosphor , sulfer , sodium , choline and calcium(A)ndy (E)ats (G)lucose & (C)alcium and gets fat . for fat soluble hormones .ANDROGEN ESTROGENGLUCOCORTICOIDCALCITEROLGo Have Some Pizza Extrinsic muscles of tongue GenioglossusHyogloStylogloPalatoglo"CUT down the pyramids" cytosine, uracil, and thymine are all pyrimidines.Pure Ag (silver) - purines A and G
HIS LARGE ( +VE charged ) GLASS (-ve)histidine , lycine , arginine . glutamate and aspartate
Take My Salary " tryptophan, methionine, and selenocysteine are coded by just one codon
amino acids with aromatic group : HTTP Histidine , tryptophan , tyrosine , phenyl alanineTender loving care for nancy- thyamine , lipoic acid , Co A , FAD , niacin - coenzymes of PDHsugars containing aldehyde group : FLM GGglucose,galactose,maltose,lactose,fructose
Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More''' I –
Sensory-- II – Sensory-- III – Motor-- IV – Motor --V – Both-- VI – Motor --VII – Both-- VIII – Sensory-- IX – Both-- X – Both --XI – Motor-- XII – Motor
Branches of Maxillary division (CN V): "Ms. Piz-o"....... Middle meningeal Sphenopalatine Posterior superior alveolar InfraOrbital Zygomatic
Magendie foramen is the Medial aperture.Luschka foramen is the Lateral apertureChoroid Creates CSF.Arachnoid granules Absorb CSF.
O God Drunk & Druggy Nanny!!! Thank God Nanny took Huge Vacation!!!!
O God Drunk & Druggy Nanny!!!5 requirements for occlusal stability- O: Centric Occlusion, G: Anterior Guidance, D: Disclusion of posteriors during protusive movement , D: Disclusion of posteriors on non working side, N: Non interference of posteriors on working side.
Thank God Nanny took Huge Vacation!!!!! 5 requirements for equilibrium of masticatory system-T: TMJ should be stable,G: Anterior Guidance,N: Non interference of posteriorsH: Horizontal harmony (of teeth with neutral zone)V: Vertical harmony ( of teeth with repetitive strength of closing muscles)
In both of these mnemonics, G & N are common!!My Aunty Reminds My UncleTerminal nerves of brachial plexusMasculocutaneusAxillaryRadialMedianUlnar
STYLO-FACE:exit of cranial nerve 7 (FACEial NERVE ) STYLOmastoid foramenforamen spinosu(Mmmm) contents (M)iddle meningeal artery and vein (M)eningeal branch of mandibular nerve
minor minerals : 2i ( iodine , iron ) , zi , ni , sistreptococci hemolysis:Alpha--Almost(incomplete) Beta--Best (complete) Gamma--Garbage (none)
Crazy Glue (number of hydrogen bonds in DNA and RNA Three between Cytosine and
Guanine other base pairing only TWO)
Types of Collagen :SCAB,Type !:Skin,Bone,tendon ,and dentin. Type II: Connective tissue, Type III: Arteries ,Type IV: Basement membrane
Proteins expressed in smooth muscle"Can Cause Contraction"Calmodulin Caldesmon Calponin
dArk - Aband , l I ght - I bandHAZI : H=A band ; Z= I band
sub clavian artery branches :::: VIT C & D vertebral artery internal thoracic artery thyrocervical trunk costocervical dorsal scapular artery
DIG dysphasia ,iron def anemia, glositisPlummer Vinson s
Contents of pterygopalatine fossaPoor men naughty peoplePterygopalatine branch of maxillary arteryMaxillary nerveNerve of pterygoid canal Pterygopalatine ganglion
Inferior vena cava tributaries -- I Like To Rise So high Iliacs lumbar testicular renal suprarenal hepatic vein
SOME LADIES FIND ALL OLD POOR MEN SEXY-branches for external carotid arterySuperior thyroidLingualFacialAuriculotemporalOccpitalPosterior auricularMaxillarySuperficial temporal
CCK FUNCTION : CCC-Contraction of Callbladder(Gallbladder )TC DAD GINGIVAL GROUP OF FIBRESTRAnseptal,, circular,, dentogingival ,,dentoperiosteal ,,alveologingivalFacial nerve branches :The zebra bit my cow temporal zygomatic
buccal mandibular cervical retroperitoneal viscera is SAD PUCKER, or DUKE CRAPS:S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)A = Aorta/IVCD = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal)U = Ureters C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retainmesocolon)K = Kidneys E = Esophagus R = Rectum
Eosinophils ( red ) raise red flags when there is wormspicoRNA : RNA virus ( p=polio c=coxsacchie r= rhino a= hep A Virus )
INTERLEUKINS: Famous Tom Buys Expensive Apple, Apple Needs Seasoning Nowdays; IL1- Fever, IL2- T proliferation, IL3- Bone marrow(hemopoietic), IL4- IgE class switch, IL5- IgA class switch, IL6- Acute Phage Reactants, IL8- Neutrophil chemotaxis, IL10- supress inflammation, IL12- NK activation
KREBS CYCLE : Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money, OfficerCitrate, Isocitrate, alpha Ketoglutarate, Succinyl CoA, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate.
Sympathetic NS-fight / flight n ParasymNS-rest n digestStimulatory function of PNS-mneumonic SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion and defecation)
Histoplasmosis Hidden in oHio and hit Mississippi. Hidden ( in macrophages) and occurs in ohio and Mississippi River... so its common in ohio and Mississippiwhat is present in each structure of ethmoid bone (FLS)cribri(F)orm plate : ol(F)actory (f)oramina perpendicu(L)ar p(L)ate : crista ga(LL)i lateral ma(SS)e(S) : ethmoidal (S)inu(S)e(S)
MEDIAL WALL OF ORBIT:My Little Eye Sits in the ORBITMaxilla (frontal process)LacrimalEthmoidSphenoid (body)
CARTILAGE DERIVATIVE OF FIRST PHARYNGEAL ARCH:
I’M A Super Sexy GiniIncusMalleusAnterior ligament of malleusSpine of sphenoidSphenomandibular ligamentGenial tubercle of mandible
Types of Flavivirus:To taste the FLAVours of JAPANESE Hen(Chicken) i went to the DEN in theWEST dressed YELLOW "
Flavivirus- Japanese encphlts virus, HCV , dengue virus , West Nile virus , yellow fewer virus
For live accentuated virusROME Is My Best Place To go Yet ! "RubellaOral polio vaccineMeaslesEpidemic typhusInfluenzaMumpsBCGPlagueTyphoid oral vaccineYellow fever
Except L. DATTA all bacilli r gram -ve (Listeria, diphth,actinomycetes,tb,tetanus clost, anthrax bacillus)to rememberconyloma lata and condyloma accuminata Lata - syphLLis - fLat - pappuLes - L is everywhere
Non-Lactose Fermenters:"If you dont lac-toes you can work as a Sneaky SPY"Salmonella ShigellaProteusYersinia
Fast Lactose Fermenters:"If you lac-toes at least you have a KnEE"Klebsiella PneuEcoliEnterobacter Cloacae
Slow Lactose Fermenters:"Lac-toes or not, one should move slow in a Serene City"Serratia marcescensCitrobacterFor heat killed vaccines - How Is Jack In CAR.(Hepatitis A n B , Infleunza , Japenese encephalitis , Ipv , cholera , anthrax , rabies)
mnemonic for the signs and symptoms of endocarditis is FROM JANE:FeverRoth's spotsOsler's nodesMurmurJaneway lesionsAnemiaNail hemorrhage (splinter hemorrhages)Emboli
Beefy red tongue - niacinBeefy - (n)onveg - (n)iacin def
Girls Get Fat First, Get Drunk Blowing Psycho Perverted People Perpetually.1. Glucose2. Glucose-6-p3. Fructose-6-p4. Fructose-1,6-bis-p5. G3P + Dihydroxyacetone-p6. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate7. 3-phosphoglycerate8. 2-phosphoglycerate9. phosphoenolpyruvate10. pyruvate.
ABC'S Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk, the left Common Carotid, and the left Subclavian artery
Three trisomies
Puberty age 13 Patau trisomy 13Election age 18 Edwards trisomy 18Drinking age 21 Downs syndrome 21
Start and Stop Codons AUG in AUGurates protein syntesis UGA = U Go Away UAA = U Are Away UAG = U Are Gone
Orbit: bones of medial wall My Little Eye Sits in the orbit Maxillae Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid
Facial nerve branches VII1)Posterior auricularafter Stylomastoid foramen- Twin Zebras Bit My Cookie
TemporalZygomaticBuccalMandibularCervical
Carotid sheath contents "I See 10 CC's in the IV":I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)CC = Common Carotid arteryIV = Internal Jugular Vein
Enzymes: classification "Over The HILL":OxidoreductasesTransferasesHydrolasesIsomerasesLigasesLyase
Organisms which can cross blood-placenta barrier''TORCHES''TOxoplasmosis Rubella Cytomegalovirus HErpes, HIV Syphilis
DiGeorge/ Velocardiofacial syndrome: features CATCH 22:Cardiac abnormalities
Little's area: Arteries" LEGS "L - superior L abial arteryE - anterior E thmoidal arteryG - G reater palatine arteryS - S phenopalatine arteryThe four arteries anastamose at Little's area to form avascular plexus called Kiesselbach's plexus.
Clinical Features Of Acromegaly:A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-JA Arthropathy B Big boggy handsC Carpal tunnel syndrome D DiabetesE Enlarged tongue, heart and throatF Fields (bitemporal hemianopia)G Gynaecomastia, Galactorrhoea and Greasy skinH HypertensionI Increasing size (of shoes, hat, gloves, dentures, rings)J Jaw enlargement and prognathism