Dental Handpieces and Accessories Chapter 35

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Chapter 35Dental Handpieces and

Accessories

Chapter 35Dental Handpieces and

Accessories

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA)

All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

PowerPoint® presentation slides may be displayed and may be reproduced in print form for instructional purposes only, provided a proper copyright notice appears on the last page of each print-out.

Produced in the United States of America

ISBN 0-7216-9770-4


IntroductionIntroductionRotary instruments complete different functions in the cutting, polishing, and finishing of tooth structure and the restoration process.

Rotary instruments complete different functions in the cutting, polishing, and finishing of tooth structure and the restoration process.


1940s• Introduction of rotary instruments.• Belt-driven handpiece.• Development of diamond cutting burs.

1950s• Invention of tungsten carbide.• Development of the air-driven turbine

handpiece.

1940s• Introduction of rotary instruments.• Belt-driven handpiece.• Development of diamond cutting burs.

1950s• Invention of tungsten carbide.• Development of the air-driven turbine

handpiece.

The Evolution of Rotary EquipmentThe Evolution of Rotary Equipment


Most frequently used piece of machinery in dentistry. The handpiece provides the power to a rotary instrument that completes the actual cutting or polishing of tooth structure and castings.

Most frequently used piece of machinery in dentistry. The handpiece provides the power to a rotary instrument that completes the actual cutting or polishing of tooth structure and castings.

Dental HandpieceDental Handpiece


Design• Straight in appearance.• Standard length and “shorty.”• Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000

rotations per minute (rpm).• Operates the rotary instrument in either

a forward or backward movement.

Design• Straight in appearance.• Standard length and “shorty.”• Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000

rotations per minute (rpm).• Operates the rotary instrument in either

a forward or backward movement.

Low-Speed HandpieceLow-Speed Handpiece


Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.


Uses of the low-speed handpiece• Intraoral

• Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a cavity preparation.

• Finishing and polishing of restorations.• Coronal polishing and removal of stains.

• Extraoral• Trimming and contouring temporary

crowns.• Trimming and relining of removable

partials and dentures.• Trimming and contouring of orthodontic

appliances.

Uses of the low-speed handpiece• Intraoral

• Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a cavity preparation.

• Finishing and polishing of restorations.• Coronal polishing and removal of stains.

• Extraoral• Trimming and contouring temporary

crowns.• Trimming and relining of removable

partials and dentures.• Trimming and contouring of orthodontic

appliances.

Low-Speed Handpiece-cont’dLow-Speed Handpiece-cont’d


Straight attachment receives a long‑shank laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment, and the prophy angle attachment.

Contra-angle attachment receives latch type rotary instruments and mandrel.

Straight attachment receives a long‑shank laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment, and the prophy angle attachment.

Contra-angle attachment receives latch type rotary instruments and mandrel.

Low-Speed AttachmentsLow-Speed Attachments


Prophylaxis Angle• Used during polishing procedures to

hold the prophy cup and bristle brush.• Two types

• Plastic disposable “prophy” angle• Metal “prophy” angle

Prophylaxis Angle• Used during polishing procedures to

hold the prophy cup and bristle brush.• Two types

• Plastic disposable “prophy” angle• Metal “prophy” angle

Low-Speed Attachments-cont’dLow-Speed Attachments-cont’d


Design• One-piece unit with a slight curve in

appearance.• Operates from air pressure.• Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm. • Maintains a water-coolant system.• Friction-grip locking system for rotary

instruments. • Fiber-optic lighting.

Design• One-piece unit with a slight curve in

appearance.• Operates from air pressure.• Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm. • Maintains a water-coolant system.• Friction-grip locking system for rotary

instruments. • Fiber-optic lighting.

High-Speed HandpieceHigh-Speed Handpiece


Uses of the high-speed handpiece• Removes decay. • Removes an old or faulty restoration. • Reduces the crown portion of the

tooth for the preparation of a crown or bridge.

• Prepares the outline and retention grooves for a new restoration.

• Finishes or polishes a restoration. • Sections a tooth during a surgery.

Uses of the high-speed handpiece• Removes decay. • Removes an old or faulty restoration. • Reduces the crown portion of the

tooth for the preparation of a crown or bridge.

• Prepares the outline and retention grooves for a new restoration.

• Finishes or polishes a restoration. • Sections a tooth during a surgery.

High-Speed Handpiece-cont’dHigh-Speed Handpiece-cont’d


Design• Attached to the dental unit.• Powered by electricity.• Attachments are similar in

appearance to scaling instruments.• Delivers a pulsating spray of water.

Design• Attached to the dental unit.• Powered by electricity.• Attachments are similar in

appearance to scaling instruments.• Delivers a pulsating spray of water.

Ultrasonic HandpieceUltrasonic Handpiece


Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece• Removes calculus.• Removes stain.• Removes bonding materials from a

tooth surface after orthodontic appliances are removed.

• Removes cement after orthodontic bands are removed.

Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece• Removes calculus.• Removes stain.• Removes bonding materials from a

tooth surface after orthodontic appliances are removed.

• Removes cement after orthodontic bands are removed.

Ultrasonic Handpiece-cont’dUltrasonic Handpiece-cont’d


Design• Uses a laser light beam instead of

rotary instruments.• The laser is conducted through a

fiber‑optic cable. • Resembles a standard handpiece.• Maintains a water-coolant system.• Maintains an air-coolant system.

Design• Uses a laser light beam instead of

rotary instruments.• The laser is conducted through a

fiber‑optic cable. • Resembles a standard handpiece.• Maintains a water-coolant system.• Maintains an air-coolant system.

Laser HandpieceLaser Handpiece


Uses:• Cauterizes soft tissue.• Vaporizes decayed tooth structure.

Advantages:• Usually painless.• Patient usually does not require

anesthesia.• Proceed with procedure faster.

Disadvantage:• Cannot be used on teeth with existing

restorations.

Uses:• Cauterizes soft tissue.• Vaporizes decayed tooth structure.

Advantages:• Usually painless.• Patient usually does not require

anesthesia.• Proceed with procedure faster.

Disadvantage:• Cannot be used on teeth with existing

restorations.

Laser Handpiece-cont’dLaser Handpiece-cont’d


Design• Small version of a sandblaster.• Produces a high‑pressure delivery of

aluminum oxide particles through a small probe.

Design• Small version of a sandblaster.• Produces a high‑pressure delivery of

aluminum oxide particles through a small probe.

Air-Abrasion HandpieceAir-Abrasion Handpiece


Uses• Prepares teeth for sealants.• Removes external stains.• Class I through class VI preparations.• Endodontic access. • Crown margins. • Prepares a tooth surface for the

cementation of a cast restoration, such as a crown or veneer.

Uses• Prepares teeth for sealants.• Removes external stains.• Class I through class VI preparations.• Endodontic access. • Crown margins. • Prepares a tooth surface for the

cementation of a cast restoration, such as a crown or veneer.

Air-Abrasion Handpiece-cont’dAir-Abrasion Handpiece-cont’d


Design• Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm.• Uses laboratory burs. • Provides greater torque than

handpieces used intraorally.

Design• Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm.• Uses laboratory burs. • Provides greater torque than

handpieces used intraorally.

Laboratory HandpieceLaboratory Handpiece


General considerations• Wear personal protective equipment and

follow universal precautions. • Clean debris from the external surface. • Clean the internal components of the

handpiece. • Handpiece must be dry before being

packaged. • Wrap the handpiece for sterilization. • Sterilize the handpiece. • Wipe the light port on the fiber‑optic with

an alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.

General considerations• Wear personal protective equipment and

follow universal precautions. • Clean debris from the external surface. • Clean the internal components of the

handpiece. • Handpiece must be dry before being

packaged. • Wrap the handpiece for sterilization. • Sterilize the handpiece. • Wipe the light port on the fiber‑optic with

an alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.

Handpiece MaintenanceHandpiece Maintenance


Three basic parts to a rotary instrument:• Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece.

• Straight shank• Latch type shank• Friction grip shank

• Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that connects the shank and the head.

• Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.

Three basic parts to a rotary instrument:• Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece.

• Straight shank• Latch type shank• Friction grip shank

• Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that connects the shank and the head.

• Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.

Rotary Cutting InstrumentsRotary Cutting Instruments


Fig. 35-12 Types of shanks.Fig. 35-12 Types of shanks.


Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting head.

Uses• Tooth preparation.• Excavation of decay. • Finishing cavity walls. • Finishing restoration surfaces. • Taking out old fillings.• Finishing crown preparations. • Separating crowns and bridges. • Adjusting and correcting acrylic

temporaries.

Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting head.

Uses• Tooth preparation.• Excavation of decay. • Finishing cavity walls. • Finishing restoration surfaces. • Taking out old fillings.• Finishing crown preparations. • Separating crowns and bridges. • Adjusting and correcting acrylic

temporaries.

Dental BursDental Burs


Diamond rotary instruments are used for their cutting ability, which shortens preparation time and increases productivity.

Finishing rotary instruments: The more cutting surfaces on the head of a bur, the greater the polishing capability.

Diamond rotary instruments are used for their cutting ability, which shortens preparation time and increases productivity.

Finishing rotary instruments: The more cutting surfaces on the head of a bur, the greater the polishing capability.

Types and Shapes of BursTypes and Shapes of Burs

Dental Handpieces and Accessories Chapter 35

Documents

laboratory handpiece

standard handpiece

handpiece maintenance

laser handpiececontd

ultrasonic handpiececontd

highspeed handpiececontd

lowspeed handpiececontd

airabrasion handpiececontd